irrigation engineering introduction of various parts etc

irrigation

1. •As quality water is a scarce commodity, it is
imperative to make best use of available
water by developing and adopting suitable
technologies of proper and efficient water
management.
•For this, it is important to have knowledge
about irrigation water from its source to
ultimate destination i.e. plant.

2. DEFINITION OF IRRIGATION
"Irrigation may be defined as the process of
artificially supplying water to soil for full-
fledged nourishment of the crops."
OR
It is the science of artificial application of
water to the land in according to the 'crop
requirements' throughout the 'crop period'.

3. NECESSITY OF IRRIGATION IN INDIA
•Scanty Rainfall
irrigation works may be constructed at the places
where quantity of water is available and we can
convey the water to such areas where there is
deficiency of water.
•Non-Uniform Rainfall
The rainfall is not uniform at all the zones.
•Increasing Yield in Dry Farming
Agriculture which deals with rainfall only is called
dry farming.

4. •Practicing Crop Rotation
To bring in rotation of crops, i.e. if we want that the
more number of crops should be rotated then there,
will be need of irrigation water.
•Controlled Water supply
(a) It can save the crops from drying during short
duration droughts.
(b) It washes out or dilutes salts in soil.
(c) It cools the soil and also the atmosphere and makes
more favorable environment for healthy plant
growth.

5. Benefits of irrigation
•Increase in food production
•flood protection
•Cultivation of cash crops
•Elimination of mixed cropping
•Addition to the wealth of the country
•Hydroelectric power
•Water supply
•Inland navigation
•Improvement of communication
•Canal plantations
•Improvement of ground water storage

6. ill Effects of Irrigation
(a) Wasteful use of water
(b) Water logging
(c) Soil degradation in irrigated areas
(d) Contamination of water with harmful substances
(e) Damp climate and Ecological imbalances
( f ) Mosquitoes breeding.

7. HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT OF
IRRIGATION IN INDIA
•The principal irrigation practice of the ancient times was
diverting the flow of springs and streams with temporary
barriers constructed across them and irrigating the
adjoining fields.
•modern well designed large scale irrigation systems were
developed mainly after the 18
th
century. Irrigation
technology made rapid strides in the 20
th
century.
•After independence, a massive effort was launched by
Government of India to develop several dam reservoirs and
canal networks.

8. TYPES AND SOURCES OF IRRIGATION