Irrigation methods agriculture engineering

Agriculture Engineering

1. Methods of Irrigation

2. AGR 104 Irrigation methods Surface irrigation method Pressurized irrigation method

3. AGR 104

4. AGR 104

5. AGR 104 Flooding/Wild flooding

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7. AGR 104 Ring basin method

8. AGR 104 Border strip method of irrigation

9. AGR 104 Ridges and Furrows irrigation

10. AGR 104 Sprinkler irrigation

11. AGR 104 Sprinkler irrigation

12. AGR 104 Sprinkler irrigation Crops suitable – ALL except cotton in later stages

13. AGR 104 Drip irrigation Surface drip irrigation Sub surface drip irrigation

14. AGR 104 Advantages of drip irrigation

15. AGR 104 Disadvantages of drip irrigation

16. AGR 104 Quality of irrigation water Total Salt Concentration – Electrical conductivity – EC Sodium Adsorption Ratio – SAR Residual Sodium Carbonate – RSC Boron concentration

17. AGR 104 Quality of irrigation water based on Total salts Class EC ( mmhos /cm ) Quality characterization Soils for which suitable C1 < 1.5 Normal waters All soils C2 1.5-3 Low salinity waters Light and medium textured soils C3 3.5 Medium salinity waters Light and medium textured soils for semi-tolerant crops C4 5.10 Saline waters Light and medium textured soils for tolerant crops C5 > 10 High salinity waters Not suitable

18. AGR 104 SAR

19. AGR 104 Based on Boron concentration Class Boron (ppm) Characterization Soils suitable B1 < 3 Normal water All soils B2 3-4 Low boron waters Clayey soils and medium textured soils B3 4-5 Medium boron waters Heavy textured soils B4 5-10 Boron waters Heavy textured soils B5 >10 High boron waters Not suitable Any concentration > 3 ppm is harmful in light soils

20. AGR 104 Quality of irrigation water

21. AGR 104 Salt tolerant crops

22. AGR 104 Factors which alter quality of water

23. AGR 104 Points to be considered while using poor water

24. AGR 104 Removal of excess water from the surface or below the surface of the soil so as to create favourable conditions for plant growth. Causes of Water Logging Intensive rains Floods Soil slope Bunds Defective irrigation Seepage from unlined canals. Drainage

25. AGR 104 Lack of aeration of soil. Restricted root growth and lodging problems Difficult to till the land Increase in salinity in top layers of soil. Drainage can be surface drainage (or) Sub surface drainage. Ill effects of drainage

26. AGR 104 Benefits of drainage Helps in soil ventilation/aeration Facilitates timely tillage operations. Better and healthy root growth. Favours growth of soil microorganism (better mineralization) Warming up for optimum soil temperature maintenance. Promotes leaching and reduce logging. Improves anchorage and reduce lodging. Improves soil structure and decrease soil erosion.

27. AGR 104 Types of drainage Surface drainage Subsurface drainage Tile drainage Mole drainage PVC pipe drainage

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