Is 875 wind load

EXPLANATORY HANDBOOK

ON

DIAN STANDARD CODE OF PRACTICE FOR
IGN LOADS (OTHER THAN EARTHQUAKE)
FOR BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES

PART 3 WIND LOADS
[IS 875 (PART 3) : 1987]

UREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS,
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 11002

SP 64(S 21): 2001

FIRST PUBLISHED DECEMBER 2001

(© BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

ISBN §1-7061-053-4

PRICE : Rs 650.00

"Typeset hy Paragon Estepise, New Dei 110002

Barea nia Sudan, New Di 110002

‘Composition ofthe Special Committee for Implementation of Science and
“Technology Projets (SCIP)

Chairman
PADAMSHRI DR H. C. VISVESVARAYA
Vice-chancellor
University of Roorkee
Roorkee

Members Representing

DRT. V.S.R. APPA RAO ¡Structural Engineering Research Centre (CSIR),
Chennai

DIRECTOR. Central Building Research Institute, Roorkee

SHRI V. RAO AIYAGERI Department of Science & Technology,
New Delhi

ADDITIONAL DIRECTOR GENERAL(S&P) Central Public Works Department, New Delhi
‘CHIEF ENGINEER (DESIGNS) (Alternate)
SURES. Ko DATTA, Metallurgical and Engineering Consultants.
(india) Ltd, Ranchi
‘Su P, D. MAYEE Planning Commission, New Delhi
‘SHRI UMESH KALRA (Alternate)

SHRIMATI NEETA SHARMA
Deputy Director (SET), BIS

SHRIMATI RACHNA SEHGAL
Deputy Director (Civ Engg), BIS

FOREWORD

‘ser of vais vl eginceing codes have Ben ekg the need for explanatory handhoks nd ate
compilation as où Indias Sandan The need hs bet ute emphasize ln vew ofthe palco of
he Nana Bling Ce oI in 199 (which as since hon revised in 1983) and He implementation.
The Expert Group setup 1972 by the Deparment of Sen: and Technolgy, Goverment of Ind cami
at eh sts vais ra civil engieing and consroction psc Dung te preparo of
ihe Fk Five Year Pan in 195, the Group was igo he tat of produc Ses ad Techmogy Plan
fos eses, development and extension work in estr of hosing and consi ctacog, Oe ol
the ems of hi plan wach formulan of dig handbooks, explant handbooks and ds ads based
‘tbe Nts! ing Code and var Inn Standard and cher activites inte promotional Nana
Builing Cove. The Exper Group ave high pry oi tem and ne romeo oie Departmen
‘fScience an Technology. he Planing Caton approve o olming wo projects whith wer signed
tthe Butea na Standards erst Indian Sunn ation)

1) Development programe once implemento fr ulin and ivilengnerng onstruction, and

D Tian for ini dings.
A Special Commie fr Implementco of Science and Technolgy Poets (SCIP) coin of experts
‘ont with differen aspects was se up in 1974 1 advise the BIS Directorate Genet eying
the handbooks and foe gig the development ofthe werk, Under he fir project, the. Commitee hs
‘nied seven subjects or propane cplantay handbookscomplaons covering appropri Indian
SandadCedelSpectaons wtih include the flowing
‘Mandboks Pablito

1. Design Aids for Reinforced Concrete 5 456: 1976 (SP 16 1980)

2. Handbook on Masonry Desig nd Constrocon (rt eon (SP 20: 191)
3. Summares o nia Stands fo ein Mater (SP 21: 1983)

4. Explanatory Handbook on Codes of Enrhguae Engineering US 18931975 and 84326: 1976)
P22: 198)

5. Handbook en Corte Mites (SP 23: 1962)

6. Espana Handbook on Inda Standard Cae of Pst or Pin and Reno Conte 15456
1908) SP 24: 1985)

7. Handbook oa Cases and Peveto of Crack in Buildings (SP 25: 1984)

Handbook on Functions Rgeiremens of Indust! Rulings (Lighting and Venton) (SP 32
186)

3, Handbook oa Timber Engineering (SP 33: 1986)
10, Handbook on Cone Renforcement an Dealng (SP 34: 1987)
11. Handbook on Water Supply and Drainage wih Special phasis on Plumbing (SP 3 1987)

12. Mandbooko Typed Design for rc with Stee Roof russian without Canes)
‘onl Coles) SPS: 198),

13. Handbook on Suuctues wi Stet oral Frames (ht Cranes) (SP 40: 1987)

ai gebe ee rl o IS Helga a Bes and Rion fs BI

o

Handbook on Functional Requirements Wigs (ther tha nds Baling) (121087)
Handbook on sacs with Reiafoced Concreto oral Frames witout Cries (GP 43: 1987)
Handbook on Suenres wih Sct Lic oral Frames (ibn Cranes) (SP : 1987)
Handbook on Bulag ConsrucionPaccs (Other tha lea Serie) (SP 621997)
Handbook on Cousin Say Prices (SP 70: 2001)

This Handbook has been wen wih a view provide deed background infomation on he provision of
Indian Standard an Code a race for Design Laae (Oder than Estiu) for Bugs ad Severo
Par 3 Wind Loads (8 875 (Pat): 1987 ana the ee of andar foraine athe wind odon bangs
annees wi valet ir stacey. The Handbock wl seve sg ol hose engaged
inthe stot design of wind seve bligs ad stores do otheiraape,sendrmes, lexi soe
as.

tay be note th he Handbook does oom at y Tin Standard onthe ue ná does not have
‘he sats of a In Standard Wherever, ees ny pue abe th interpreta opinion expec)

"dis Mandale provisions a he codes only sal apy he proven ofthis Hankook shoul De
Considered a ony soplemenay Snore

The Handbook i asd on he fi ea prepared by Shi SK. Agarwal, Head, Wind Engine, SER,
‘hacia The raf Handbook wa ce forrest STUP Cours Lid, Mart National Coun
for Cent nd Balding Merl, New Dl Cc Pune Werks Deparimen New Del Indian site
‘of Techos, Chena Indian Inte of Tesrlog, Kaspar, Suvcura Eagineing Research Cane,
hema MN. Das & Co Lt, Kohat: Mearologel Oc, Pure Indian Inte of lao, Bags:
Unive of Roorkee, Rorke; Tandon Consultants Pt Ld New Delhi; Cesta Eleccion, New
Deli dian Inst of Technology Kharagpur Inco nite of Techno, New Del Engines In.
Ud, New Dali: NTPC. Nod: Mily of allways (RDSO) Lucknow: Department of Space, Bangles
car Power Comer Mumba Mot Lal Neto Regional Engineering Cole, alate Vall Mehta
Seh. Abmedstad: Ana Univers Chena UNITECH, New Delhi Cnsuling Enginsrig Serie () Pvt
{New Dels Tata Conlin Engines Mba Housing & Uan Development Corporation, New Dai

‘atonal tse of Construction Management an Research, Mun»; Howe na?) Lia New Del: Amy
eaters New Del Initial Engncen New Dei Gammans du Lid, tub Con Bung
Research tite, Rooke; Department of Sence & Technology, New Dell Metallica & Eninuning
Conan di) Ll, Ranch Planing Commission, New De and view epreted by them wer al,
int comiderin while rain the Handbook,

Contents

03 Shen ofthe 1964 Code
Depth
Elie Fon Area
Force an Moment Coins
‘Gratien Height
Presi Cocfcent
Sodiy Rato 8
Terran Category
Topography
Base Wind Spec
Design Wind Speed
Risk Cocfcen
Terr High and Sit Sie (hs Fco)
eich and Developed Height Reaonship
“Toposaty (e
42 PremireConfcients
43° Force Cofüiens
just Pact (GF) 08 GUS EFFECTIVENESS FACTOR (GER) METI.
Arrucanonor Copa. PROMISIONS
LIST OF SOLVED EXAMPLES ON
Kectangular Cla Bikings
Free Roof
inelanenus Sistures (Force Coefiient Mad)
Mieten Sutures (hs Far Meth)

Ale nunberofntesihatarebeingeonstusted
2 preset tel be mid seno becas f hei
Aid wo thse se e us of vary of muele
sch re rs 0 mh igor PE of et
‘ate enn im ee day Des o ber
strane of the qual ol ates I de social
‘viene ats developing norton ani
Piloephy of seine Sontag ters ue lo
ind andan y Tat and Gv ing place
‘mands recon wind esata desig. These
Tacos ave demande amor reais, nu pee
definition af wind osding. Updating ol some
Interna Cole of pacts, ay toe Beh,
Aura, Canadian, Ameren and French hs ben
ested ay quen verte so decade ad
the presen versions ncrprse mon ie avances
nade nunderstantig the win arterias and a
ties on ue. The ew dco ae sth that
its art mer sc ol amendes eae
il Code 18875: 1964 ln be jibe. The
‘really ised wind ade Code of rate orden
Foals (other than earthquake for buildings and
stare" 1875 Par): 987 fn any vaya
from the previous Cole fr ss in 194 ad
serpin nt only oc the shoal of the 1964
ove but incorpuates recent knowledge of wind
sont The hito Me etes
Ste given has ow ben sed 1 $00 m and te
fins on as many af he commonly encountered
Being an tres, fr whch er eno oer
Indian Sondes hve een incide, Along no
pli sated, he code econies the at hat os
SS e ig win tdi occ do 1 sha duran
‘oan minds ike opel clone long he Coast
x Tomagoes leader, and weary clar Winds
or rond demo may places a
A spa, eg wind loading condi da
ae dieron rm ose of tempera one comes
Fie Europe and Canada Mush he nda response
Mores nih ve bec dot a open. or
{talon Codes se based vn hse al developed
Suey cannot be apple in mos pars o Ind. Bat
nos te sere prope eos
aplicable 1 cyclone, tomados and ders
Srl IN gui safety margin nd hi una he
ren 975 (Pat 3) 1987 tempts td,

Tn tn, Jueces in sat, coito of wind
Rai on buscare as remain chive of.
most cs odio ht followed, ot pecded
ne E versonol he nde halben prepared ay

SAGA Tn

which proached cross nda oats dig
19010 1960 tgs wi he wind daa act
‘om abou 117 minou recoding Dyes Pre
sur Anemogroph (DPA) ations which existed shat
{ime togetanoreral pure or eco, However
Sup enemorierrendinge were nomic nee
proprio o wird maps because much fach data
ere yeep,

The eigh of DPA insuwment vari fom 10110
30 m at iffern places Tere onl oe extreme
‘alse of wind war piven opto 30 mheigh fom grand
level widoutny variation in-between Forte 110
power Is bad Den adopted regardless of erin
Spain frida veraon of wind pes win
feign fom 20m 10150, for mich thee mas no
Sportive erden The cade pave two ind res
taps oe ing vid shor diatom mines
nd aoe neun wind of shor dran) and
there wat nce plans or using ie orth of

Win he bien ofthe resent reed wind code,
1S #95 un 3): 187, an emp he bee made to
remove ese déficiences and provide to de Ins
cul engine dequeue fr aiving a
more ation! wing loading fr design pere

021 Wind meansthe motonefairinteatmonper
‘The reponse of sutures o wind depen on te
arses of e win. Frm ie pont of view of
Sing wind end. onen vide ind
m two eategorie: "Rotting and Nono
inde Rooting wide ar cae by pia cles
{on omadoes. he wind speed cated by he muy
cod 200 km. The dran of such wind ay
icon vas Km 2 1 $ mias inthe cave of
Tomate an Dundee und bout 04 ys in
‘She of tpi! ejlonee Non ota vide are
ose dy eel presse and hos move in
ler ersten. These we als called “reste
Sysen’ vias und when ty pris fordstnces ine
50.100 km ae tened as aly developed pesa
System winds The nen of ach wins a
Benin Beufo Scale eo Tale 1 ther sae for
Fatal typeof wind ik clones havea een
propose), Thundenionns re recia" winds of
igh ped ling ony few mister and a a à
tong veil donde om clouds which ead
luca on reaching the grund. They last e210
Smile and wi Speed can exceed 200 kr

022 Grain Winds

Winds are primarily caused by he differences in
temperature over the earths surface beca the
ine Of the aus eatin cena leer

SP 6418.87): 2001

Tate varies, an land areas eat and oo quer
isu sporting heat from one parla
Lo another The difersce in temperature piv eo
the pales of pere which sl De aia mot.
Near the eas surface, nation I opposed aná
Ie windspeodreuce, by the surface fon. Ale
each wind spend ecos 1 zer and begins
Lo ee wih ho, and at some igh known a.
tte patent height, be man mayb considered o
e fccofiecansFicinal cnc and wlan
ls “gradient velo Ti vec depends on e
presu van atan plan parao
the car ste. The gradient height press má
"he muphnes of he team on he ans src nd
‘Stake ovary fom abou 300m fe ft god to
‘out 350 m for very ough era, ia be tian and
3 fou aber national codes Aou, the erden
ge of theca (pantry) boundary layer eo
Frights arnt intial Tro pacien eight ier wel
ove the ce ofthe carbs boundary pr height
The Indian Code has adopied a cuela weten,
tintin mpl drena

123 Varia Mean Win Speed with Height

tt arts ace the wind seed 2er and in
codos of neural subia, there is a como:
increase of mean Wind pee from Ue rod ote
rain eight À sabe of us for dele is
Wind sped pol have een sugges the mou
Wiel used of whieh is Iogarimie pol. The

0231 Logarini prof

"Te logarithmic prof o e vario of msn wind
speed mba» gen by

©

design wind velo at et
von Karmaa’s constant with a numerical
vate 4,

eign aboveground

ithe surface hnos arme,
ein elocy defied ae,
{heen fon force on the wal an

the density oft

Anal representation for the mean wind speed
Profi he simple power aw expresion:

Dre a
Ya the speed a reference Night Za sully

taken a Be standard meteorological eight
om.

a = constat ora parier sie andern.
(024 Mane e Wind Flow Pa Boies

0241 The nature of low of a Maid pas a body
resting on a surface depeods on ie conions o te
Fica, th shape ofthe body, hig, II of
ai fw and many ober facts. The flaw ma be

‘Table Beaufort Seale for Wind Speeds
(Clase 021)

Es =

Berne Wa ie

Vis at diag ap

a o pp para
a ee von

ns i ey a oa so

e okra tu

So net
Wine
git ep cn

À elle “ban or "unsteady flow of random
ur” Atrae define ar ie rave
2 moving Mig such mat Me velahy vector
fe parcs in steady iia fui moin a a
Sten he id main ete olen ad
tan the veloc and dicto ofthe parcs of
all mse of lactate in tines my na
fandom und cbc name. In alo Dom eu
camine hs he same coma veloc, btn lot
of sous Ad near a so Douay, evel a
Vichy. Thus the volociy ang the steams
ire vit dance of he reamed
“Toeregin of ade Mi, which nds by he
Baer, The lw ove be sure wii the boundary
vasco 1 urtlen flow may tae plo: a som
Zara. The tons aes place over dtnce
Ace patel at pesao ge oping
sch u my bs tact by fo or e nc

ped 1 expand. ir veloc iroghout the
along the surface may be redoced to zo sighly
nee in oppose disco (fevered Naw
“he tony ar lw Becomes detached ome
sac an large eddies are formed and are stage
des ae usually discharged either randomly oF at
{sil regula ner, depending onthe velocity of
the fi and ie dimensions and ape of the bay.
‘The energy coried dowmsrcam by these eis
Dede I esr in the abs ed hen be

SP 64(8.81):2001

pres sig on the body surfacs In coat with
Te andahs raten of presa onthe body lean
sid accounts o sarge proportion of ed fre.
Pressure forces act normal lo the sce, and
tg conve pre eevee
the Mi direcion ress in longwind (oda) and
‘rosin (oe if) free. These we onl othe

thick case y th vico of
‘head andacttangentaly 1 e sra eds
resi tom the pressure iras i tered 0
SS de prewar dag. and it hott à minimum a
Shapes ud inser wings called ell ston,
‘ic re designed avi Now separation,

xcept for suce with pronounced protuberances
Psion of wanton fo laminar o uba ow
und of ow pron from he surface dependen
faite Reynld number (te fo

hos pue vu ©

and varo espec, Be dynamic a inet
out the fui aná sa ui en

‘he Reynolds ner i messe ofthe ati te
Ineo (ati forced A]
rls) ios ore ina i

025 Flow Paster

‘We wil fet comer Now pat astro cresta
(ven, ine hi shape ee in man land
char dcr are tod in ig and show the
Fuste inenoe of Reynolds number (8. la ie

Fa 1 Grown À BOUNDARY Lavera FAVOURABLE PRESSURE GRADENT

P6418 81): 2001

mains lamina up othe points of separo, which
SE ls rom he maton pa.
‘uch side of he ylinder ad at hed othe wake
Turan aa fra ponton on her ure
esparto pnt sits moro es deny oan
angle of shou 120° o 130" a is eel eg
Fig. 20) Ce fa all the Reynolds number
Thee, increase of Rings he ow io de
ape regime Fig) wham incre In he

id of the wake and un increase Ca The proie
ont sheng in tis regime is Boh wenk ang
cantan Tinea Cy conti R= 310"
ad the po ofthe separation point sabes at
Abo 107 in ls amie! Goes, props
‘more come. refered xo ss hype) este
Fig 20) hear of Cydecrenesstoty wise
iger han nthe sober egime sones sealing
frequency. The flow pares of Fig 2 ar for
salma siooth-surace cylinders In a smooth
sppronch flow: they are modified by surface
‘phn by urbane of the inset wind. ny
tation of the older and gts dice a of
cine

Ta. 2 name seso Est ya
EB re 2 SGpraioel Lamas an suda cats Papa
ye

sas et

NOTE — ani ete any agro ow

(W stot Pc 10 Gyn 12,8 02 6) al 221% Sx 108 42> 6208
OTC hos scorer Bea a foresee
Sinus ACs Shea CNE sb R= ss dane oer

Fi. 2 SKETCHES OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL ARROW PATTERNS AROUND A CIRCULAR CYLINDER

0252 Around other bf ais

A body ai o be la body fhe ao fis
imension parle tothe Nom 10 hs dimension
Rendre low des nit by mure an
o 6 and whose drag cocficien bad on de
Smaller dimension exceds about 01. Coca
‘inde, square and rectangular prism ee ae
‘amples Asan xan, he Row pater around à
long Square sein ps ar sketched in Fi. 3. The
iter, and hen he ales ofthe dg cet
ante considered independent of if s> abot
10? because he postions oe ponte separation af
thew rom he bey are xe bythe sap come
They are howeer nen by e tutulence of he
ppresching sam, te eet of which may be 10
‘nine the ow which us became detached st
Srindward comer (A) 1 reach tothe sey un
Final separates atthe leward comet Thus it
‘wale Noms the with ofthe wake e rode
ome othe soo ow, wih oran

(a) Snooth inset Flom, Ge = 22: (0) Tabet
Tresen dar 18

Pc 3 SKE OF ARLON PATTERNS AROUND

ris oF Squats Semon wrt SHARP Conse

0253 Overbuings
Figure 4 shows sketches of typical Now pats
‘oan liga mono! tica beca btt
026 Wind Efeizon manner

VWindeffecisonstrctures can bel Stic"
and “Dynamic”. Sty speaking, wind lle te
nly dyna in ature bat in mon ol codes ese
Ayame effects ae expresucd in terms of an

P6415 & 7): 2001

giant sae lsd. Stic wind et primary
ses ele bending and twisting of str. Te
“yma eco wind ar ether pede ose sch
da due to Vortex Shedding. Fuer, Galli and
Oraling or nn pri such as tbn! being
Ge Tae2)

03 Shortfall of he 1964 Code

03.1 The Code, which was pedis more han 35
years ago has provided reasonably goal guidance o
Sacral engine forte design of oso the
Simple sees. In mos cases, la prono hive

A 100% at some ofthe reset Intemational Codes
however cleat ndenes the spine advance
tae in wind engineering in the it fen year Net
‘nly i there an improved Ange othe sha
teres of wind, Dt here have Den new ted
Imovaions aod reuremens of srl dsg,
eh demand a mue secure dfn of ind
lores Viewed fom hi ackpround e orale of
1895: 196 most be understod in day conte,
Inthe revision ofthe Code, an atempa has ben made
Lo overcome he obvios shore and update the
Infomation ho peseny baouledge of wind
gineering. vers temp has Den made ©
sure hat the new phenömenen made od
scan inthe 1987 revision fee from oe
Bigues and at signal beyond he existing
Knowledge base ithe county. Some ofthe more
impor sor ha hd sic ver he yess oF
the Cade f 1964, whic provide the main mpris to
Ite revision ofthe 1964 Cae are ely suman

tres oscura esper ar wind presses
of shrtaveraging tine and pts with verging une
‘fay 3 wo 1 onde The wind map zog In e
1964 Code represented the su of Enemies of he
some 30 year. Several studies have since teen
ished based actus avait as
Andy ler thatthe ear wind toning eter
overestimated runde sine the gesumene of
tree wind pede in diferent ats of te cova.
‘Thus revision of wind map toning war long
sente.

033 Rut Lert

Inthe 1964 Cade, no inition was avaiable aout
the rum perio Experiences all ove the world, by
age as fvoured design normal tres
foca and car pero of 5 years ses rra,
cm to yield safe and econo lads or moral

SP64(S 87): 2001

(0) Foot D 05, Flow archos: Ft Ro! = 2, No low ataco!) Lowen Rat
Fon acres (9 gp Peo, 1 Baw Re ancre
PI.4 SKETHESOP Flow PAST Lon- RE DULDISS SHOWNG I ECTS OF ALONG WI WIN AND

“Table? Wind ft on Strutars
(lus 028)

eures wih post dise functions, the reso
parido ines to 10 are A mateo
Tac for sires of eaceplonal Inporanee the
‘er period could oily be even hier o eos
‘Sacusedin a,

034 Wind Veoco Measurement

The wind instruments used by meterlgis are
erly calibrated in tems of wind velocity at
Standard amospiericondions of 15°C and 70 mm
ferry pesos ad este the wind vel with
An verging ine of aout 3 sents - The wind
pressure leal by te equation p= KV where
Ha aconstn The Code of 1964 iver win pes
andre wer ave om he else y ing
Sale of mc shipherby 25 porras compa
(Wade Ineratonal Code

(GAS Wind Variation wih Height and Train

The variation of wind veloc with height and
character of sorsunding terrain has imporant
implkatins in stl design. The 1964 Code
‘pes contar reste pt el of 20 and
¡orar vara comsprding loe foo
spain vas en
CS ©
Rai o 30m
& = height im above grund of pint under
‘conlderton: and
& = power ine witha ale of 02

Wiener such power lus ae use, the generally
scoped nom In neral Cade at tke à
ont ely wp to 10m height and eral à
‘rao given oi uen chain the

TS 5

Vi = vec at 10m aboveground
Beim mt pam ve end under
Dower la index whose vals vies rum
89710035 depending upon he ela and
“nea Une: rr nen compan ©
incas osas of ein and lege.

Intecentimes te orties being wd more
fle, mainly du is bee Urea back
Coming thatthe power la Inden 118373: 1964
vas aplicable opresores, the coponding index

SP64(S & 1): 2001

eight may ot be affected significan bythe ow
vale of he power inde, he 1964 Code would yield
eures which are underestimates I he oper
‘Spon of acres whee mre preciso alesse
na. The Cole did no Idee varios vith
Caritas, nd wae ent shout win pres
hove 180m from ground Win arcas end
reaching highs of 00 mint county dtl lt
Sims on the dawing Boa, he shor fle of
1S 875: 1964 became paiclry evident fort
035 Dynamic Anais

otal ong spa and lender scares a “pnamic
ray” of De ame e senil. Wind gs
‘hse facut ces onthe rca wich ince
lage dynamic motos, ceding osclton, The
seer of he dynamic motion nor wind ace
‘sllatios depends on the natural fequeny of
vibro and the damping of the ture. The
‘motions re inc in both "long in direction as
See “ers” dicción The along
response of the srctre is accounted for By a
‘mapifiaton fate (oe cle the “gost actor)
plc ed or det foes. The “aos wind
posse vegeta spate dynamic analy The
196% Cade id oa give y guidance on these peca
cara eig of al strstr

037 Ste ofSmenre

‘The 1964 Code di mo indicate any colton
teen the str sz nd wind Toning, The
agitado ofthe oadimpardon ut y au
ends, 1 a situ extent. on e se of he
sica, The eso thal te patent of qu
Sind in any icons having e same vlc as
‘aspen tbe Codes mal being about 25 m0
150 m a any nin f me Ths fe sce
vil ot experience be highest wind spend tl
inte ot th same ista and ence he average
{Sl fad onthe store wil eles an sala
vine by suing the ighes specif wind over
‘enti exert Allowance os it nnd 1 e mae,
bog Ca Ut fad wl beth othe ihe
we

033 Shape of Scare

Screen be of many shape, pic when
Concrete aducir sa wind
foros ace given bythe equation F= SAP
hte 31 shpe fo, À th projected are la
The plane perdia in he wind retin ant Pie
ape atrio ets ages (Cul octagon and
quae) bat this inormation mended ob extended lo
(ihr shapes für va wind dits, Forel
Structures of different plan shapes, shilding

SAGE TD

contaras nd solid rios, o guidance was
able. Therefore it became extent forthe
enero cite consul ona Coes où
{she advice rom pci,

039 Pressure Coeficiente

oer he world he master perfomance of
‘evel ph eight low re balling ack a the
roofing ed to updsting of peste coefficients
Citra and extra) for vanos configurations of
balldings, wall openinge and wind rections,
‘Addon, eed wa eto define higher loa
‘ater conenzatons near ees o wal and os,
thir.

“The sim ofthis Handtook e to provide denied
Background information on he rin ofS 75
«Simat ind london over. The emphasshas
ton on he ienestion of source mel ud,
noia cs behind he chungen 1987 eon
nd gun to the oe ofthe wanda Clases O1
nd 0.2 ofthis Handbook contin background
Infomation, pilosophia ica, ae of wind and
ind effects saturn Cat 03 binge Ct the
Sonal of the euer standard (5 951963),
“action wit Bight, dynamic analy effet of
‘hace ize and sap, ine pls ie vaca
‘cing waa be nr Cae ces
ting map. estmaton of enga wind speed, concept
rm poi, effets Of train rot and
Secuetute size. local topography, correct
“elocy-pressretelaonship. In Clans 4nd
pressure and forces om tundiguractores ate
(lacs in light of peste coin method
Deal offre cocine method ar gen in 4
while dynamic effects like along wind and
ou wind responses se explained ln $ and 6
Requirement of win toe sts re eed 7
‘Cane code seo various provisions of
the sidad wih he el of low grams. Clase
‘na Be methodology forthe estimation 0 wind
Fondon ore bling mide lp of amp
‘Chane 93 devoted o Be estimation of dynamic
‘ypc sed examples tcs

TR et Ce Renton Pgs Nam

2 TERMINOLOGY
24 Angle of Attack (3.11

Angletenen e diction of wind andthe reference
fit is men athe angle of ack, A shown 9
Fig. So angle “0 is angle of ach between te
Aion of wind nd reference ai ion ie)
22 Bread (3.12)

Horizontal dimension he bldg essed onal
tothe drecion of wind, tem se breath of he
ture Aschovainfig SO) reir Br wind
o the longitudinal ecos aia for ind
perpendicular to Fr ruin ion 0h ae
angle he mania wih see lng the
‘tind such as tbe projection of Aon 4 pane
23 DepthS131

recon of windisthe een of eine Asshows
in Fig.) dept = AX for wind along he ference
is nd BA fr wind perpendicular t the ference
Ss. Foc ter wind recon, uch as tango D
¿sie mimar ng rom ei pin the boy
eich meets the wind 10 de pin where aie fom
car BD.

24 Developed Meg (3141

‘he velocity increases up 1 cr high from he
{pound when wind pass fom one ean cae ory
10 amber erin ealeor. After covering à era
tance inthe neti, be veloc profile der
‘otchnge any moran robe fly developed.
Before becoming fly develop, e via rote
vi ave mined chance of the ly developed
prole of he area and dom temas. In
{hs intemedse segon, he height up 1 which e
‘ely prof changer inten rin s nomas
the Delos eg able ist valse
Developed eight ara fenton fhe dance ore
foortraieteories Melo} or eimai
the developed tg and for sing be su as een
ated nthe solved Examples pen 1.

25 Biete Frontal Area 381

As given d Fig. Sa) for angle of sack 0° = 0,
‘sive frontal seas ABCD, which te projected
Sten of de suce normal tthe desc ofthe
ind ar tcl zero. the fol aren is
Acer

26 Element Surface Are (3.1.61

In Fig.) forsee of uch 8" = Dat eh rn
PORS represents te clement suc ra o haga
AL the clement surface area pressureorce
fc ss woe ken cosa

27 Force and Moment Coefficients [31.7]

cn suce is ime in Rowing id ike air,
‘ow. pe of site and is expressed interns of
von mensional osent. Ts now dimensional
cien steed a fore een.

‘There can be components of farce in he dictions
‘ethan he ezone wind. Te forse component
slong the direction of wind ial dag foco (mom
‘days, more eget as along wind fre and de
for: component in he oer sora drctons se
tema ss it fre (or cos sind oc) nd ie
face (or vasverse for) Likewise he moment
don of wind i cae the ove ang mom
Esque andthe coin never decian as
"donas moment nein

2.8 Ground Roughness (318)

“Te bins ke es, bulk, seres et,
a rodaretermedas ground roughness Tegan
reines read low ar round css
OF erento rante between layers of wid, The
Kai pole of wid dependen on the ground
rouges Altaugh he na of ground ruge
Sn he src of teat vais om a and ery
Soot avery rough a inthe ly centres wih ll
aiding, it hax ben found convenient and ados
ta cugat it foe aly ant cono

SAGEDAN

29 Gradient Height (319)

Wen wind moves overage stances ins particule
height The eight above whi the loc und
va contr a ot infuencod by are eon
is called te Gradient High. Imply. the Code
‘etfs the gratin Rights he eight of de
Panty boundary ye de worigofthedefinion
Robots very earcfolly denn. sine the
malo Men the print eight as one at
‘sich there 1 a balance of Cons and pressure
forces The meteolagis” definition of ran!
eight puts well above he eof he atmosphere
‘ound ayer Ts the definition of raten height
vn Cade onthe sun ate adn RE
as unter byte meterloiss

210 Pressure Count 1.91

Thepresureesensdby mind at ponton there
le diferent rom the pressure of wind fr
Spare of de stur, called tree scam sae
Pre. The ao a the difference of he route
Sa pont onthe ct and sae presse of he
Pre Coen

The concept of pressure oficia similar col
‘lied y design wid pressure yes he sure

POIS 81): 2001

“The preso clic may vary with height of 212 Soi Rate 91319)
tre The pressure ating towards the sete Of Jn general, sti alo se oof he sum of al
pared sto
ay fom te save o carlo bes. ra ci aid va De are of te Donna
regie ‘closing he acte. Cae must however, eaten
241 Suction (449 in apping he deals. In à plane rome, he

Bounlary ate oe kena hat te nin rae
nly ande reas o appuconces which ae win
‘he boundary fs Ana rer in Fig.)
{ted part of he clement he ame, However
he area! De antena ran agpunennce oui the
Fonda auch e tema A, or genia

Atom pis on any Ra, pressure may fal below
ingre rear and 1 called “cis” Sucio
inthe pressure acting aay fom the surface of
Satur negative pose isthe sane as suction

jose ni | à

6) Space Frame
Fe. 6 Sao Rano Pa 0 See a

0

i ange say ao, Te ads ach
‘Shane stated ande ello terme
athe propi por. In ig. ae recio
À ABCD whe boundary ars ah en of shaded
‘ements to be conside for estimating the sli
‘aon insta Sir piles apply nthe ese
‘Of space frames, In cue of era beings the
projet area a ec fom windward face sal De
[ken and aed to ober wen (own od) 19
rive a ihe foal soli ratio. If there ate
erpurtenanseswühin the enclos volume ABCD
"THC? lee Fi. ONO). ten else shoud be
projected on the neaert windward frame for
image re sly rao Fg ON), THe
«proprio ne facto pp

243 Fetch Length 319),

The distance over which wind has moved in a
arial tein category before approaching he
cue known she Pech Leng Te coy
Prol find changes conioomy ove o ch
abe 2}, The distan equi fora able poleo
Le famalisgienin Fables). Distance AP Fg?

2.44 Terran Category 319)

Bailing, vet, val wes and wars a sc
one othe surface roues and hus fence
the cal characters to which astro may de
expose The average ground ouphess of gear
istemed as Tesla Catgoy. Based on the average
hei of De pound songs fom repress
Lorrain categories having fly developed vec
pros ar suggested [5.2] fom he equalet ot
Ensen tine ares dominated yl lings,

P6418 87): 2001

Tera cu apts esd open
serge bight of bic sumounding o sure
les an 1 m. Category 2 (TC) ree 10 open
tein vive acacia having in
nr beten Sto IOm ie Caeguy 373)
sections having ize fall gs tea apto
10 min high with or ot fw ised tll
sacs, Tein Category 4 (764) ns enn
‘ith numeros arg high asl spaced unions.
However when ich eng ao smal the veloc
Profile with changes in terrain categories be
onsiered (532:

215 Velocity Profle (3.19)

Beeson wind ped ih ge dt
the ein category zonal CIC and the Tach
terco

216 Topography (319)

Geographical features such as mounts, ls,
escarpmenis ee, ol an ara is known atthe
Topography of te wean wich he rca bi
nth les the wind speed on ad downstream of
these tue

3 WIND SPEED AND PRESSURE I
31 Basi Wind Speed 1521

In 1960, there existed about 10-12 continuons
vecina DPA sons in de coor compared
outer sosoch statins pees. The nstrament
comino end wind pes on Yate with me
nia nado econó recono ind
‘Send Mos! ese stato elon costal
et

19.7 Eric O8 CHAN N TERRA CaS

SP618.87:2001

een Se sets
es
Sa ee
ee
oe ee oe
So
ae aoe acne a eee eee
sa ea am AN
averaging ime of about 3 seconds, analysis gives gust intense over Rajasthan plains have been considered.
DR nt Tente Den pls den me Los
CR ne sun spa ou Den
rer dae ut
Sutter er Se ets e min
Pa tu je de preparation of de beso wind A la The occurrence of atemado posible

en eee
o SS —
mm... 0...
ee en
A
Innen
mu en
un: Tate bataramate
nem ae ober pil 1 de teal cs al frei as
A A lc a m ae

ETES

Flo. E VELOCTYPROFILEOVER Der TERRA CATECORIES

tion ones. The wind pee can naw be one up
{0500mbeightabovethe oon race Design wind
Spel 1010 eig fom ean grand level
then tobe const Aloha sated athe Code,
a 6percen. Base windspeedemp Indi hs been
[reseed i the Code The free mind see all
ee coum has een oun fal st anges
‘tase wind pes varying fom 3 mi 10 3 mv
fora 50 yeu rta perio and à probably of ex
coolenelovelo(6 pace. Te indican wind speed
Codes. ely Sor daran uss averaged ont à
time intra of abot 3 seconde pe t 10
eight in ope’ teria, ‘The Coe Tropen hat
‘here i na enough meteorological da to daw
Snap nd eme be pi one

Code shows that in gern in he along arcas ol

Nor ; Nor-easern pat of Jam and
— WestCoast eas of Kuch in Goat
st: Tir and Mor

The wind opiates pst spplementary infor

nie sos. Oana, a user comes aus a
Staion where the wind speed a san on he
Boundary tween two ones has o Be oboe. 1
local wind att aval, recommended at
the er spend of the jet aos be we for

12 Design Wind Speed (5.3
The design wind speed is dependent on the
cogrpbial bai win gcd, tam pero eight
Shove poundsirtarestr ands opography. e
Format ofthe eatin of design wind pec doped
Inthe new Coe is flow:

Werk ©

asie wind sped ofthe wind zone,
scene.
{eri gh dd roue sie actor ad
rennes
33 Risk Coen (S11
The is amies confaon att the mena of
‘etm peindre Reta period Tinea)
Is he era! of be probity tat a given wind
The word pro sometime cas confaden. Rik

POIS meo

level ler hand means the probity ata
¡ven wind speed ilbeencendedia acrain number
fauve year which ely the ie of te
tre Me Ce, enti in the Code
ferret pris 08,253 nd 100 yet along
recommendations regarding ‘mean probable design
fife of ares of vacas types [Tale 1 For
the rerum period have Ben recommended ob 50
ears and if of SD year fore rare. or ll
Temporary anses one temporary boundary
‘ell te ecommended at he of § years be
‘sued and he appropiate mule a gnc in
[Table 1 Ve und. The normal ale of ik ve
recommended ia 0.63 for stotece whose Ife
‘pecan egal tthe retin pti, The fork
ar Den ted to asst the fet of ferent rik
levels

At Git sight ai el o 063, which eh pr
Ay al be design ind sport in ended one
thee o ay years ofthe sure under be
din at be publ fe science o e
(sip wind in anyone year UN seen ater gh
omerer experince a many prs ofthe world os
‘own at aout ofa Cn be the or pomal
metres. Alongh ot given nthe Cat, te rk
level ean be oud fone formas

01m m

cgi md

“Te cesineorowner mos decide th amont of,
els prepa oe Let us bae example
Example. Only 10% risk acceptable, life 30
years, in zone with wind speed of 39 my
Category. sc uctar 0 m. To find eden
ind pee

From gn ve get
Ur = (ian
Dan

‘That a is i De acepale probability that e
regional win spat of 9 mA we excel nan
ne yea ding he 30 yer feof he strc o ie
ci ik inge bone values of isk eve fe
sure and the antes À a Beomespending
lo 39m wind speed in [Table]. om bas
Relies,

Hence, be reponl base wind speed 1 be used for
this sive shouldbe 11653039 = sam. Use
(OF Eg (7) necessary if the ern pod Tony is.

SP648.87):201

A Terrain ght and Structure Sir (factor)
sa

The coefficient dy has been indicted a fern
height a conveiet aol form [Tale 21 wich
idee fort stgo (1,2, Bor) andre
ses (ati snes) stares (A, Bor O). Melo
Tacos sr vada opto te height whic ty re
species. or example the actor 1.17 in O, ls
sucre ages only up to 30m ih. As te
‘Note of Tale I, vos Due 1,12 ad 1.17
tna e nal pod Deco his 40m
And SO mora conta vale of 117 (he higher one)
ay be rod twee 0 and 50m The coin
A has dire vales [abl 9] when dealing wih
od speeds average over I hour, which ae ered
Tor esla Symi effects scoring o eran

AS Felch and Developed Height Relationship.
5324

The revied Code had added the conep of ech
el and developed height or considering beet.
of change af terrain eategory. In the following
examples ne methodology lr considering ise
‘espinal with be ei of lion.
Example. A famed tower sucre ind abi
tow at. dione of. kn from the eof the oe
Ie tin ouside the towns la open the turen
Inside e teva cloro spaced and of eight up
Tom. eighth ter 8m Ton e design vind

‘pee

tou as fes L(TC-1) ade tai ise he
loan ode ones) 3(7C3) Tha problem roce
of wind moving rom à ner train category 10 à
higher tractor iure Dave asno be
Intheabove eh AA ete of TC. pola,
str the tr pe [Table 21 138) Bb th
Speech ein of TC and 250 sde own cen
ferait TC SILO), Th tower located aC
dia fn fm tne Depa ol ea
ls order apply [532.9 one proceeds allows:
RC draw the profile of tiie a et [Table 2,
ios Cine e heishofihe sucre mare ban
nd 3 Thus CON corespods to TC ad CEFG 1
TCS, [6.24] allows one tae wo opor, As pee
(5324 @ (.00e can we te males of be
Towestealaategoy wich nisse TC, ht
In CDHG. The econ possi is wu the pose:
dire of (Appendix D) To use de procedure of
[Appendix BJ one fst nes th eight pt which
the FE profile hs pecas ne vraie
in be ei in wich the cre oat In his
‘he, Table 3] deste that TC. ls penetre op

mn

Lo à hip of 35m at itance a km from Bs.
Hence ove ke he mule o 7C-3 [Clas Caf
Tate 2] up 0 a ho of 38 (y inept).
Above this eight the muliplers of TC re wo be
‘hed. Ataheigtef 35m tener comanda
Lo TC be ud when computing he desig ou
beton ag emule of oth TC nd
TCS are hom hs height is SL Deal
design rips are shown Tabl

Toble3 Multipliers for a Structure in 7C3 with
Upstream FC
Exemple 1)

‘Maipiersaper | Matar per
(staan | “Apes

Example 2. A chimey of height 150 min open
county a à distance of 1 o from cuter of et
Teredmallgesalrund wi houses higos!
‘hon 10m To id he wind peed mailer profi

Solon: Siac te tein op toa distinc of 10.0hm
teins of exegry Yap o 0 km rome chine
In view ofthe leon of cst of sl villages
Beyond 10 km. one can Conse he approaching
prat 10 cimney 1 be TC? frm beyond 100 km
nd TOA fora diane of 10km from he chine
Fae (este lech of he configuras. may
be observed at hs problem ih windows am
higher train catgey aloerterain cage) In
Fig 10 AA edge te 702 poi (ay eine
of mul 1.39) BI he approach erin C2
nd By he TC in which Be chine 5 Ice.
‘The himno) le oe a €, which feted a
diner of 10km fromthe begining of TC ney
Ba To ob ie appropriate mall, ae can
proved flows:

À Assume tat TC mite applies for the

ere Bight s per (63.20

il Ve de poli of Append BJ a flous:
Tous ie procedure of (Append Br the aie
thn of be moles of 702 and TC at € wih
high Thee are respectively EF and CDI. From
(able sof the Coda is bete tht te profil
TCA penser opto height of SO. in lance

SP64(S & 7): 2001

(Example?)

ase 7C2. Hagin) | Maple | ape per
nou | "reich

0.9 DETERMIATIONOF Vetocrr Prot Nea A CHANGES TERRAIN CATEGORY
(tse ROUTE Mon ROUGH)

SPOS &7):2001

162 ment

‘a. 10 Devesa of Vixocry Pros Near CHANGE nena Carr

Example 3.4 TV ower fight 300m Located in the
‘etre of acy wih gs (gra tha 50m
In eh 10 eight of m from sh hal,
uses of pl 10 height from 3 010 km and
it terra beyond for 3 km a mich sa cas is
‘encore, Wind i fam he sn. To finde wind

Sotatin: Ti es problem ln which wind pass
‘uh four tin before racing the cir of
interest, A high wind, the soa can De then a
quae to 702 eto the age waves at ae
fertd In is problem, TC2 i followed by TC
For Am aro flowed bs 1:3 fo 10a ith
‘final eran ter 4 or lan. The configuran
Akai 2 uber the male rote of
TCA to TOA ate shown tthe losin uf the TV
toner. As efor ne can choose th simple method
SLA ©) (and ur he male of TC or
¡necio big Tose he alemae mad given a
prends Bl on dew fiat he developing profiles
fromthe beginning of sch oan Table 3}

8) Ad ste edge of TC (y be lin of mali

LESS Rowan)

D) Bs the appronch ein TC, 8 tne
Fiat ernesto en A, Bye de
‘coved intermediate erin TC and BD,
‘he inal ein Cinch be TV towers
locus
From [ase 3) e may be easy tenio
tha te edge othe TC pro sing a
rete TV tower a Ca ait 10
lheedgeot TC wolle sarungat y mette
“TV tome Ca hp of 20 mand ie ee
ofthe TC pe sa at ect te TV
tower at Cy aa height of 220 m and the edge
of he steam TE prof et eight of
Som.

“Al ou ctegory ries (fs since
(bs meinen Amer of the ste i
sre than 5) ave ten eae with gin
MC behalte TV tomer,

rceating st before, oe finds dat 104
name À nd cie upto height of
220m rom CD. AUD.oneemounten7C.5
Being up a beiptof 250m Tha
the profile sis om Do Eon TC profile
tige of 20 mand moves long he C3
Profile fom 10 F whichis ats height of

SPOS &T):2001

Pia. 1 Derunusmow oF Disc PROL INVOLVING MORE TAN Ost
‘Cane Ten Carecony

230m, Above Ftheunpentaledprofilisthe 37 Design Wind Pressure 54]
far param TE2 polla ad i aies fr
thereat he eight of TV tower Tables Oneotihimponat modifications inthe Code estes
rene fa race lo be vl presrerelaionhip. Inthe eter
esc o e Code, the pes was overestimated
Table $ Mails fra Siructne in 7C-4 with abut 25 pere für à ven wind veloc. The
Us ICS TC ra PES core eqn given now ea 2 flows

"Example p= 06 V2 œ

em Meisner | Mange | pe = design windy aight sin Ni? and
5 el Ares V2 design wind speed co x im

is iw Sy speaking th enfin 6 is ont th most

i probable average fr the Almera: condone

1 rer in Ind daring the bole year. va of

Te — ts ——| Bist2swouldbe mon pop in emporte ones

oS above ad bout Te win eet nee

a lading on de are re determined fom,

sign pressure as Indie in 4. A comparison of

— | wind pressures a per new and 1964 Code live in
GET] U flowing example

PAEZ | sample. Estimation of desen wind pressure for a

130 Tica | lg per 25 96 onl S25 ar 31967,

36 Topography) 15331 pd

The coulent lows fr unalaios in the ici Abuingof nh 3SOm wid 15m hgh 150m
‘erin inte frm ofl, valleys, cif, escarpment lest 25 years

And eier lo both” upwied and dowawind Temaneuegur à

Slopes: Methods for evaluation of fy ar gen in Lector Dei

Tape) ale Cod.

SPOS & 7): 2001

opt Almost at

Previous code IS 875; 964 Fig. LA gives 2150,
Keim:

Preset ode 18875 (a3: 19871

Design wind speed Ve = aka,

10m (Feb

= 090 (Table 1,225 yous)

Since reset horizon dnensionof3Smisetween
2 mand 50m

A 2 088 Table 2, Class Ba 10.0 met

= 064
= 137 Wnt
(= 980 m? in most pars na)

Design pressure at 10m eight

Lat the ie ofthe sure be nen o 9 years
tire, Taba Den

Po 06 870% 10088107 = 102639 Nm

res
Altec ad tri cp,

He he valu

98nd P
oso O,

ues stated Mads, Cala Roorkee my.
‘Bangalore and Darbhanga. The Gs wind presse
‘ind pressure srongly ace y e consideran
‘Story. His obrero rat ur Code gener
‘ver estates te wind land nly ents On a
‘ho work outta he eater Code gently under
timated design wind lad fer expected if
‘or ru pero arg or example, ole cor
Bombay in Table 6), This is paral te foe
‘eon wre the design rests, scoring tothe

“Table 6 Design Wind Pressure
(Example)

‘ewes ey | Her a:
— cdi ns wal

— India sul elements such a rots
wal snd

— Individual cla vis such as hen and

en

T
t

‘iets Cy and force cotes Cyan ean be dt
‘nine flow:

nes,
162)

foe cet

Offene ronal en obs wind,
‘thc seid foreach str:

sion wind pesares

tea and imma pres cet

Ge
A = sure sea of seta element.
42 Pressure Count (62)

Pressure coefficients ae applicable 1 srctcal
clemente walls nd yoo a we sto den
‘of cladding, Te caution proces implies e
Age ain of Cy and Coon the al

‘wind leia by the tie of Ein. (0) The Cale
indie bth hese coco sary fora wide
cy of stains gene enermeedin pace.

1964 Cade re ow
4 WIND PRESSURE AND FORCES ON
421 Estmal Pese Coficion Ce 16221

Ener presse concent depende on wind die

‘The Coe salte eqements or ela of tral ee enon depend on wed ire:

nd cai amo irn! pol ol ie!

ri nd, craters af ofan is ae
‘ables A 2 are deste che oe de
nan of Ge For te speci dsg considerations
‘sing to dig, local coccion have Been
Separsy shown decai e aaa he ges of
al and roofs whee high concen of epa
reste often ound oes.

4214 Entera presures

Ie das wih a large nunber of ass of gos force
‘efficients and presses Shock presses in
ble a be pid seat evel inthe cu oa
wing, with elcy variation a in (Tale 2] The
me, e at he Coe pies Us he alien.
‘ould be cared oat acces tbe ada
halves independent at aan ace (one
(rien) ee I pszing to neta positive pre
‘Sec ein of 125 [6227 when on ows
ia camotenccd +10 he reason that sine the
pressure cocci on the sal venia poi
‘ovr al ven but ae Keown to be more soapy
‘eztv ontop than he negate pressures oe te on
retar pons, es ute are expected o
Snipes lr he projet lower press an e
topotorerangig porn. Ahough no sedinthe
(Caleta dese ke de ame alas m (622.7)
‘nah vera wale above and below he verging
porn, over à height equal o hal tb pong

422 ntm Pressure Cofilent 16231

Inca presi coccion are largely dpendenton
loca wih lees 1 wind din. The Cade
indes C fr a unge of valo with a pose
amu Gti postive presse) and à possible
‘imam hats net pre) ih potion
tha both the extreme values would have to be
examined evel cra loading on te oncemes
ares Thre cases hae en spell nated
foes a Ge

— opens upto percent of wales,

oping fom 5 prcent to 20 percent of wall

— openings age than 20 percent of wal ara
‘eli ukings wih one id pe).

‘The la eue of paula ire in deteining
ind Hi for sete uch sl ge
‘ich have wie fl height opera doors fring
ne ió he enlosure Fs 3

SP64S 81): 2001

4224 eral pressure (623)

The intel pesares given in (623) have teen
debera speedy er (egal) Ban
he codes o temperate counties o efes he cit
A opel coun, the sae of windows ae
Tagen Tn andthe ormaltendecy top thes
open se mich pos.

43 Force Coole 163]

Fore ccficentaplcbi te linge
{anole a well 1 ana frameworks wich
fre temporal permanent nad are ao gives
in (6 Por erlag fre coefficient forthe lad
Ping tt as à whole, the Code ives guidance
focavanty of pln shapes and eign bree:
[Table ao inne eur en
16 tonal drag” on the walls and rote of ld
bling 63.1 The dame Dw be considered for
rough surface when apli (63.22) is te vale
loin te he of erougines at Isenchaing.
he hig of aies or similar regular messes
exi average eight of ano roughoes le
ind price. Tht definition of D is aid ely Hf
Die >i (wheres the average Figo the surco
Foughnes). For sll lager oups, specials
ice shold be sgh

Force coefficients on enc bilingues,
frames aed ie dial members, are com
prhemaely covered la (6323 10 6336). The
Fans code ar tos at ar single (bal
Slated), mull ri be oem Iaticetowes Te
‘fects ol “tica im parle! mile frames and
Ported lo with global oc oct fr ce
{owes (Tales 28 to 32), ore coefcent fo i
‘vidal member of varios cul shapes aná
wiefeableshavebeen separa indice (Tale 26
pars

AAA India Members (633.2)

‘The fore ofen of etngalr members givin
[Fi Aer tberecent discovery tthe spectre
ofthe range fe de wre occ and
as an pet ra of shout 29. Sight tear
‘er wi be ohered between the gros vale
Fi. 2 nde samme up vale in (Tale for
mar Height wid es and he vale forthe
Sarin (Table 26} Such semingconraicins wi
te observed in sete interina codes also and
‘lec may de contain o values ken from
arr code. Tests [bed] hsrecondied
the vale in [ig] and ta in he Ia hoch OÙ
abled) Ww 26.

SP6408.&7:2001,

Inthe ter ates iti comme tae gave
res bel the bot fre eed to ing
{fetal foresee alae ng) For example et
couric case 12 c Mu 43, 30. Uw cand
820° in [Tale à (om 4) witha = 2,2 bandh
2%. me tt (ce ln the des of wind wih
preso coffin 40.7 on face and -0 on fe
isto. einig. al of fables), D nly
Ai of fables] and 7 has the me mesg
ie Wa tb. a)

Therefore,

ie hb. afb

Foro = and = dat Tabled cha took
up = ih, a =U25in ig BJ wich ges C

AR, wl sig the presires on faces À and Bin
{able yells C= 1.8. The comedie ot
15 clang he pie on the root face A hy are
‘ely more lable und in an) ste como exceed
1 bt dere Be prestar o the ac ae om.
“30 a8. The pres onthe ier mat
‘he comen sed note hanged,

432 Force Coefficient for Framed Siractares
PEA

“The force csfiens for fed src given in
AE) and (63.3: rec the el of data which
same alte acond 190. A few designen have
encore condition (nana sure ver
they found bette sim hea freon mor ts
thee frames was more an ton said ody of ie
Sime utr gem. Ths crest nd at be
{pple te ames al moaned on
Sal lar ature In som cuca, he degree
fave found i more sonal o have a fly clad
‘Macs wi an itera raced reer

5 DYNAMIC EFFECTS

The Cede incorporates a new section ring to
rame et reconiing heaven! of age
umber o tl, lean leder autre la e
Sean stos. Sictres whch rege ives:
don under etn of he Cad are oline

those with Bight minum ater din
tie ia fs mode aaa egeney
less tan ON
aitnes ae ven inthe Code othe approximate
‘decimation of nal Teques of maisoreyed
lings ad bo designs eased ering ce
ain sacra response such a ro ind motos,
res fie eos galloping ter
{ndovaling Te Code encourage sl mind angel
ode tg, arabe! took and reference 1

pesait wen winintuceociiionsotte
tue mes significant proponns, [Cit 7.1)
Five pides or enmedio fet
‘find st ented ha be Sul number for
on sica bodes 7.2] usa sigh les han
‘dt or ie oies

$ GUST FACTOR (GF) OR GUST
ERFECTIVENESS FACTOR (GE) METHOD (8)

61 One dott that may ai during a compare
a o (Tale 3] od oy mean vid ap,
dpe os mor om aie 2] le ateo
ofthe ls of str ati si in [able 3).
“weve, ute tly wil show hate variable €
{ake account the bling se (3 and i 8)

he Coke aye we ofrandomrespnsc metas
for sco wind response ol ces fn cela
trosesstioe have ot mined und Bene rena
fren ine Code Some eer may find sal di
ferences ine pap for (ig. Land hose nome
ther codes, Baca ofthe ea shor prod ness
‘ture of wind in mos pars ou county, be ae
Ise patra pet aon Ca wi be and
vo de general all) higher dan In er eas
ión te tated ont trleco charters af
he send fly developed pressure stem wind

62 Along-Wind Lauds (8)

‘Thewucf gut ctor apres has een permed by
the Code ar ovalo of slong Ind

"Teclea involved for tbe estimation of ng
ind Toad have Ben dad 0 a simple equation
en below

F2 Grhepe 6 ame
were
Fa login sta oi at eigh api

fom te fol aca A of stip under
pe = design pere height coresponding o
out ind ped, aná

6 = gabi
One of the important departures or along-wind
mamie fc compared 1 a effects so
Speco he problem of dsin pressure evaluation
om heute holy wind sta of ho duraion
tne one required dolo soon up 6.
Fable 39 nice the revised facts which ave
{ote apli othe ban wind ped hor duran
ss) of Fig Lo ain athe Poly mean wind
{peed and gonseqently the corespoding desen
sus pr
“The us nr G vie depends on atra! que
‘jit and damping af the Sete and one wind
Carscterities can be evaluated directly From
parameters fm gra given ng 0 I

»

621 Computation of Wind Load by Gust Factor

Stop 1. Hourly Mean Wind (47: Holy mean wind

ri aim wind vega nr me
Wee Webs as

bee

Yo Regional asi wind seed F1

ki = Prob ete

ef Termin and eight ctor Table 39) and

Br = Tpogmphy factor 6331,

Siep2. Design Wind Pressure 162:
prose? ay

Siep3. Alan wind Lo (831
Fe CAE as

long ind o ace at any eg
‘design wind presse

the Gua Factor = (peaklondinesnlan) and
evenly

ere CES es as

sk factor define as he ra of the ex
Peet peak value tothe rote ae of
roughness ct

ar vent Ig 8)

ground air Fe 9

‘near of he fesonntcomponeat of te
‘stating win os:

Sie action actor (Fi 10}

inca of avalado energy in the wind
‘team athe stra fuen af the se
re Bi

damping coccion of the oct
{Table and
andisto e accounted oly for ings ss
than 75 high in train category 4 and for
bailing less an 25 m gh in tal.
lego 3, and i be ken as zer al

63 Acros-Wind Loads

‘The Cove pins out at he mes of valio
serossnind and other components of seta
ocio wind ening ar iy comple and ave
toss et wacked a go where cent! con

a

sagen:

in can be atm. ecommends use of wind
tunnel model sais and specialist ade in css
‘there sigan sos nd toads ae acto

7 WIND TUNNEL MODEL STUDIES (149671

“Te Coe manmmends at model sis in wind ur
elote sored under eta codons: Theses
3) for saciar of conventional shapes un
‘soa cations nd anormal enr
‘inion, ot covered in the Code (LL
Nowe
iD certain wind induced dynamic response
Problems (7, Nows 2 and): and
tio Bulls or shapes fo which more score
dc nie ensign oe

present for propel Cn ng out such ties or
Fitton of mal stes ining tone due ©
Reynolds mer cc Te reson appen io te But
thee ae very few salable wind nner inour cot
and four five new wind tunnels are likely 10 come
pin nen 310 year isn oder dise

Inisnowwellrecogoied hat win ladon astute
(sate oc amie) depends on

iD Vario of mean velocity Us vil eight
1) Vario of the intensity of tler

wih ei, the ites Beng. defined as
[este
here à, and ae te
EJ
¿epa o o veocy anytime along
ii) the scale of erbuence, which isa measure of

‘he sl of cobos bios of Mw, assy

‘Te above ota ext in but is generally
‘Megste for consideration. Creation of the mean
“elo did ina wed tonel is olaa
“ple ts and about half doren methods ac aa.

Abe fr dang it However, ue bs o be execs
ith regard the simulan of (i) and (o. Some

Times at that De ney of daban of
Tuten anda matte hermes ser ae
{own om ati imac This may ecc

Abe or ap edge Bic whose popes d 20
depend on be Reynlde number Ba oc coc

Sn on nel ce bue depend sony en
Reynolds numberand wie e spec mst bein

Iie, De tenis may hase torn, tc
tha fore coulent ae ot med in he fre
ce ee da for between 8 10 and 210
AF-S) wich stows che),

The above discussions led to the flowing general
eke foe wind ane! mode ses

$) The vario of the mean velit wit high
fay lo be modeled 1 within 20 pecan
The engin component of tubules in-
IS otr thatthe non dino! peta
heey a sth sae vacio with
lly around the natural frequency (or fe
Guen) of he srt
‘The mae dimension log the wind shuld
nee he tne te longi slot
A scaling las used 0 etapoite made
restons a muy seem sea aos be
Jon chin usd mus ave ado response

BA Provisions of 18. $75: 1987 can be Boy

1) Computation of design wind speed used on
id zoe, tera Cleo, pop and
vin din

to Companion o design wind presu

9 Companion of wind lad ong pressure

4 Compass of win od eng fore cof

©) Compan of along force ing gt

182 For ety understanding te above steps of com
pui ae dtd Inthe form of lo car im
Fig. 120 IS. Reference tetas, ilesand chats
SEIS 475 (Pat): 1987 ba lso ben incorporan
these ow diagrams Farber explanation fhe shove
ns i piven longue sled example

SP64(S & 1): 2001

REGED

=)

(euere entre aro

E

‘Bo. 12 Row Discs FOR CALCULATIN DESION WIND Press

»

aan:

0.13. low DiAORAN2) 70 READG, VALUES or BULDRISTHLCTURES (Continue)

Es as

Sem

A or
br

same ros una

Bern quuse 227

ERRE ZA TAME!

REFERS L224 TE 1

Fi: 13. LON DIGAN) 10 READ C, VALUES OF BUMDINESSTRUCTLRES

5

wesen:

rasen:

ia. 14. FLOWDIAGRAM O) TOREAD Force Cocca

SPOS 87): 2001

CAE EU MEAN SPEED WBA]

I

Er

Races
A eren
Enr
pany
SCT

zx

Fon tHEVALUE OP REDUCED
FRÉQUENTE MIRE
FRE OF tne Sera

T

Fever em

caramelo
nes 9 1s HE CAMI COS

a

spé 81): 2001
9 ASSESSMENT OF WIND LOADS ON BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES.

94 Pressure Coefficient Met.

9:14 Stepwise compton of wind lad sing Peak Gus Meads as under

‘Sep 1 Design Win Speed) 153)
Y, = Vd dodo

tes wind spond,
sign wind speed,
obey car or coccion (Table
vel, bight and cur sin fc [Table 2, and
= sopra factor 18.3.3)

‘ep 2 Design Wind Presre (154
=p?

B= the dns ofa ands vals 124,
Sep. Wind Load Calton 62.)

“The wind oa on individual ctrl clement such as ons, wall avid cladding uni an ei ings
de callie by secon he pressure ferme Between opposite nee of es leen or ni nd la

Fa CARO
= external presse coin,
= intemal pressure osfeien 62-81,
= suce se of str leet or lang, and

Vales Candy fo dierent pet of of, walls of fret types o buildings ae given Tables o
2

Sep, Estimation of Fon Drag (ESA)

Depending upon ted ol ajo a rectangular ld biting dona dag force given by Een 16017
ds oso oros given by (62),

HSBC Ay b94+Cf (dA) hp, 06)
ND BF = C4 gr an

Valses Ce given in [631 for ferent surfaces

912 Saved Examples of Rectangular Cla Bid

Example 1. A reiongulr cla building having cha rf and located in Jam Fi. 16) Tables and 5

SP61S am: 2001

eign h) 35m
wann 100m (eeiding he overhangs)
Vena) Bom

tale) 5

Openings on des 10 pese of wal area
Enema surface of walls | Sra
at groued

©

ISOMETRIC VEW

LY

FRONT ELEVATION

Fo. 16 A RECTANGULARCLAD BUILDING WA Pr RooF

Wind Data

Teran category
Casa stare
Design Wind Spec (V
Y, = Va
Y = 47 52, Appendix A]
ki = 090 Fara Bing) (8.3.4, Table 1)
li = 10818322, Tale2]
A, = 1.005381, forse pind slope les tn:
Va = 47X09% LOS% 10-4442 ms

Design Wind Pressure at 10m hight (7,

= 06 v2)
Pio = 64442) «1 18888 Nin?

rasen:
Wind Load Cacao
F = (CC) Ara (624, Tables danas}
Internal Pressure Coles.)
Since openings ar given as $20 percent ofthe wall ares, he vals of Cy = 305623 and 62.33)
‘The sign wil depend on be iron of Row afer eave othe side of opening.
sternal Pressure Cocfiets on Roof (C,)

‘The Ge for vario sector of he rot exciting te overhangs ae ven in Fg 16) nd Table 7a per
TEN Fabs 4870035 whieh <OS.

‘Table 7 Overall External Pesar Coen!

[rome en

L AE o

Pressure Count fr Once 162.271

Feira presu office ae recommended as eqialen ny lel prose coin

14 corer of with y 15m
ms Ge |
12, oer tan comer

However, or wind ward side of overhang the equivalent Cy (ondenide of safe is 4125 while on
leeward ie o oven Be, equal he Cy of aig wal

Design Pressure Count on Roo (Estero)

Go) » Ge = Ga cales for lading cal pressre cet ae given separa). The Cy

Wea 005

nen 00%

Cp (le egon and F)=-09~ (05)=-14
Co loereponG a) =-04~ (05)=-09
When = 90%

GjllocE and) =-09-005)

Cp loe Fand =-04-(05)
1, =-05

When 8 = 0"

Gr an )=-09~(-05)=-04
Cl and = 04 (0521
When =90

Cp to Een
can = 04 -(-05)=401

“Te € values or varios sera fo ae give in ig. 160.

a

rasen:

The wind may come from ct rc and opening may om any ke, ence te highest €, vl fo ll
sad cast sua ad + nar, Dei lave tbe checked or bolt

Design Pressure Cociicints on Rot (Los)

Gala negative venere Depending o wind ireton Cande av fe. Pose valo vil
intense Cn, which ito eco or clon of wind de, The ale eal Cte sed
ing 16),

Design Pressure Cotes on Wale (6221 and Tale

Inthin case Mir = 0.35 and 18
OF Me and lw (Table 4), the alos of Ge per Cal provision are given in

Val of Ci same as ele = 105
Te caution are summarized below
NC,==05
Wren=C
Gi Wala =07- 05)
Ce Wai 8) =-025-05)
Gee Wa = 06-09
Ger Wa D)» -06-09)=
When = 9%
Go Wal 4) 05-05) =-10
tle Wat =-05~ (05) =-10
Gifoe Wall = 07-05) =+02
Gr Wald) =-01-05)=-06
os,
Gi wall 07-609) =12
Ger Wal 8) =-025-(-05)=4025
Gor WalIC)=-06-(-03) =-01
Glee Wat D)=-06-(05) =-01
Ger WalA)=-05-C-03)= 00
Sir WalB)=-05 -(-05) = 007
Ge wa = 407 --05)= 912
En Wal D) 204 (09904

Te shone alo fr ai a ho wind itn 0 = and 9 a wih cage of i of
O porn A 2d O pco, Hence lo ae a BS
itn tad ocn CoD atl ocn e e ma

The cames of walls experience mare oros or whic osa Gs specified as under C, (Comer) =-1.9-(40
25000. Hence, th four comer of e buin for wb 80.280 fats 2.9 mare ob designed for

SPOS & 7): 201
Computation o Frictional Drag 163 and 63.1)

Forrecagalr clad bigs when dh ord > and <b fection dg ore" (ing in e diction oF
Sind ford =50 nd 210° given by

Cf (4-4 pr; 2h
‘Gea on ot)” ag. vai

ere d= te mb 10m h=35m

= 01 (ins exeral fc of wall is smoot)

01 E ADN
Fictions Dragon Walls
001 (18 ~435)2%35%1 SR 33150N

The tonal dog en various actual component 1 e diribued such hat the fit rd windward
orion (8 m) shou be able 1 re haf of final dog alongwith eher lodo nd ret 2 leeward
Poon 12m) shoul be ale 1 esis ther half oftiona dro ofa wel som wal separately

‘ina design pressure coles for ddl, street re vena Fi. 16 (er) and free calculations

ces for segons ater han oa regions or lading an ie) coming higher ala of fom
Fig 160) Negative vale mea ht eo rw it Big pod osado or spas,

Forse pr uit areafr roof when Gy 14
45 10% 1 1888-1 65740 N?
Fors perunit ra for longi walls when G

= 12% 10% HAE = 142066?

eve pr unitate fr crs wall wien C= 12 1420.66 Nm?

oe roa regions for lading ad tores) ae given in Fi 14.
Fores fo design of main frame ex.

Forte design of man frame varios lon ae ae given in Fig. 16) The vales given nid the ae a
{ote we oclug itr fre amar fn he she walls €or D The tna rg lo ake
proprio tes forces

COMMENTS

(4) Each companero located ia regan isto be designe fo de forces acting om
(id Te fer on eating may he concenrmed ln Me region of igh mind pressure as shown in.

wm nopence
partes

al [He 8 pose

CT enano

WIND INCIDENCE

1) Coca) or ost

150) cornet
Fo. 16 A RECTANGULAR CLAD BUILDING wre Pre Root (Continued)

En

SP64(S & 1): 2001

ES

i

180 Gefor Wate

ea

1809 Co (OesignLoca or uds

ia. 16 A RECTANGULAR CLAD BUILDING WK Price ROO (Contin)

Opmiap Longs ofthe buiigis open
Exema race of wall: Smooth
‘Ground mos
Lite 2 eae
Retum period 25 yeas

Wind Data

Wind one: 2 (asie wind speed 390)
Terinctgory 215321)
Caso secure 15322)

Design Wind Speed (Y
Ve

V2 38 mA IS Appendix AI
1209232)

Ra 100|8322,Table2)
2100/8331)

Hence, Vg 39X092% 10x 1.9=3588 ms

Design Wind Pressure 99)

Pur 5 san 77242 Nm

Wind Load Caution

FG Gg) APAI62. Tate 6]
Internal Pressure Coins (162.32 and Fig. 31
Since ne sde of te buildings open, and BL or WA € 1, Ga fol roc Fig 3

OS foros
| 05 wor
35 fo se

Values oor 45° and 135 ar obtained nero.
External Pressure Coeficiente om Root (po)

The for various sectors of he rot diferent in schon als (622.3 and Table 6 are ienin Fi
IT Bd Tale

Me External Presare Count on Root (Cp)
‘Oveall Gp tors 20"

Pressure Cocficents for Overbang 16227)

Pressure coefficients ontop side of oechang (equivalent €, ae recommended as net Heal exter
Coefficients However, for winduard sde of overhang the aha C (under id of Tol re) ae

rasen:

recommended a 075 (fo overhang lope una) ant 125 for ovrhangig slope downward) (6227)
nt ware tve, ne seua adj al. Then masimum pressure cin
see given ow and shown in Fig 170)

Adicen to Regions

ustobenoredtathesvluerarethmasiman coficetsfor which ihe ro inthat portion have desired,
‘regardless ofthe diction of wind I atamed ta th under presse on side oerhangs Hand til
‘perience an upward oe 125, as also the oberhan Beyond and L for some wind tection lor ind
Jiom 187 nthe later case Aso ht regions Hpend Le abr inthe present example. Since he extent of
resin (à i eal 0 Y, he wäh ofihe rare W = 12

Design Pressure Coeficiente Raat

(2) = C= Gu ltd fo dierent direction of wind as given below

Fur =0%
Colegios M=-08- 09-16
sion =-05-(08)=-13

oro

Gi indhart 4 m=-09- (03) 9-04
(carafe potion) =-05~(-05)=00

Gq 05~(-04) 2-01
Es 10- (02-06

Foc 180:
“02-002 102
10-08) 2-06

His cl fom he abo cales hat fr region M18 ( 45) and 40.2 (0 = 180" aná fo region
Lis-140=48)

Loca Design Pressure Coeiiets on Ros
‘The ne peste cf onthe edge of he ot and overhangs ae shown in Fi: 170)
Pressure Cole on Walls (6221 and Table 4]

Sine on ofthe walls is pen some cr as abe exten assi e internal and exter pesar on
wall The neal presa seo be an om Fi A, forthe ae AL € 10. Te senal pee fr be
Tol wall el she peste in e al ein a be comer aro Be ken om te apoprt ass
Tablet The exer pestes forte cae he = U and = 20 ae shown in Fp 17) Taking he
‘eral pes om Fig 3. Dep perso on th wall x given Fi. 170), Design mas e checked for
Ale win landings codos este an gave) and foreach wind eto, for comers of wall ae
Siren)

Since ford is no grs an the big wil no experience tons dg

SP6418. 87): 2001

1700) Gytor Foot

Pin

ER ven

LOCAL 6 ou og con Oven

17) Gp (Lec for ot

10.17 A RECTANCULAR CLAD BUILDING WITH MONOSLOPE ROOF (Corina)

GS & 1) :2001

Go ns)

co (ened)
1710) Gr ans or Varin Ang l ac Wid

90.17 ARECTANGULAR CLAD BUILDING WITH MONGSLOFE ROOF (Contd)

PAGADA

174). Gen Com o Vocal Wats
190.17 ARECTANOULAR CLAD BUILDING ITA MONOSLOFE ROOF

Example. The rectangular clad ul f Example 2 has bee considered to eat on hl having a
Slopeof95 am on side and onthe ther malls omal de ih opening lest thanSperent [833
nd Append Ch

The approximate features of topograpy ae givenin Fig 18
‘The bilgi cad 40m rom mes ground vel
Te stopesom iter ie of crest ae get han "enc it oid il.

In such cases, he tl methodology of solution remis the same except thatthe value of sde
called sper [Appendix C)

SPSS 87): 2001

(2) Wind cken fom Right Lt

0.18 A Lon ur MonosLoe ROOFON A HL SLOPE (Continues)

When Wind Blows ef to Right FI 10)

Ups slope 0= 93°
Effective orsota length, == 00 m
Distance o baling O9 fom est = = (Hat)
(ED 800195") = 360m
i= 0067 and XL, =-040
(Since the ing state on upwind slop, eg signe wed)

Baise,
For0=95° "<0 179. Ca 12 (100600 =02

= 020(Fig 15)

When Wind Blows from Right o Left— Fig 180)
paid ope = 19°

Dowewindsope 0.0.5

Elfectiv horizontal length y= 203 1000330939 m

Distance of bid 00 rs cat» 1360 m
Ga Wh, +108

For0 = 19° > 177, C= 0.36, #035 (Fig. 15]
Hence y= 1+ 0360.35 1126

NOTE eden gr ero as coi.

“

sagen:

The resol de procedure similar is sd or Example 2 excep it he presi al he walls sh
berate rom Tale 4 al (stn tee wal el ande nel presre al be ken s recommended
in 1623) one observe a he tral peste ocficin can be eter +02 or „0.2 ad he vale sich
produce reser dar mus De comet for dig.

External Pressure Coefiien on Root

These vales shal be tale give in Fi, I) ogee with be Table 9 given init

‘Tabled External Pressure Coesent on Root (Ce)

Sa [ae

ig. 18) ives the exer pesares om vel wall
Desig Pressure Coin

Frome valves ofthe extra an neral pressures concen, te flowing design pressures coccion

wats

Face (207 -(-02)) = +09 and (-02-(025)
Face B (207 ~(02)) = 409 and -045
Face C+ 09 an (-08-(02)) = 08
ages EE an FF, -12,

ages 6.6 sn HI 12

oat (excading overhang)

rae

Overa,

Some cue required in sosa be under pesao the corer pressure E, nd Es. Thy re ten e
quien sloping downwaré 6.2.27] fr wind coming from 0 = 90 to be cante Pon E,
eat slopes epwar for id =? and E hope dorar wid ot 2 16, Thess eo
following engn press o E and Ey = (18 2079)=-255,E10Ey==20-1.25=-325 Theshearen
‘he foondton ir ters tbe maxim at =

Posen:

Lx
bo» |

1810 Ge on ol, Edge an Over Hanging Porton Round

pees

eprom orn se) e.

1849) Pressure on Verca Via

SP 6408.87): 2001,

Example 4A malian sow tot shape rf bin (Fig 19) Tabl 17)
Gaon
Physical parate
Hes) 60m
120m
“om
Reafangle(@ : Asahoun in Fig 19

Openings on ies: Maximum 5-20 percent of al area
Entel fa of mals: Rough Comag)

ELEVATION
Pc: 19 BUILDING WTA MUTISPAN SAW ToOTI Ses ROO (Continued)

Susan:
Wind Data

Wied zone +2 (Bai wind speed = 39)
Termin Cuegy+2 (532.

Ch fumeur: C1523)
‘Toposrapy: Altos fat

Design Wind Speed (Y)
ry

Y, = XIII = 3627 ws
Design Wind Pressure 9)

= 06X 206 0620) «78931 Nit
Wind Land Calcula

Internal Pressure Coffee 62-3 04 6232)
Gris

Eisen Pressure Coon (622.6 ad Table 17)

Ce ar

07 04-03 0 ous
05 05 04 os 6 01

08 6 -02
02 “bs os

Design Presure Coficins om Roof

Coe = Ge
h26m h=h=h=6m.
id on eier a of ge

Spc for roof

Guess vas o 23 Tas os
econo 208 mu Pe
Era cotos “lo 2m
ÉCHOS out ai 1

Design et for =O 0
Region 2? CCE"

Dap) on wa wa aaa awa oa | 2s
E =
ES

wagen:

“These coffins have ben main Fig. 19 (an
poet for = 90"

nos 13
CERTES

“Tes oeiciens ve ben insted in Fe 196,
Region a

‘The design encens for ro lading ae given in Fig, 160)
Design Pressure Coefcien for Walle (62.2.1 and Table 4}

spa th defi given in Table).

mI com, b= 6m

Wea 135 and Den 125

For SOS and 1 € s15, ves of ae

Region A Ger

Geier

8 os os
os os
sos sos

Er
7

OS

Consent vaa of be wind iin ie C, (sin) al sides is +12 and ~1.0 ad G (Local)
1.3 for comer stip on al four corners of 0.25 = 12 m width-vise amd 0.25 1» 15 m length-wise and are
indicted in Fig. 1%) Al etre valet ave ob recommended forthe ange of merle.

cotton o FretinalForee [63.1 and Table 17
‘When wind Moms ual tng al hati O = 90" and 270, then

“The tol sin dg force (on Bh vera walls nd roof) given by
FC bp CU a2

Her Cj =(102 a corse bot a extra are with comogaion cross the wind it
Poa ed AK ON IX 289.1 +002(0- HR NIK EXT
DIAS ADO

SP 6405.87): 2001

The tonal dg fos a vais aura elements is sb sac hat 0 percent of his tonal rag
jrs by windward ed length (20) ang ote ads nd tala 0 per ore by ren 208
Tenth (40m) in each rection 0 90* aod 270%

retinal Drag Force for Root

rin rg ore = 27 27885 Xa of his, aia
27718592 = 13 639.28 lo be rss by te area = 200% m?
Force per it area 1369 00% 98) 1421 Nm

1369928 Nis tbe resisted hy another 2 eg a 40.00
Force per un area 1 6928180048) = 710 Na

The ion fore ion indicated in Fg 190,
S49 EN st eres by 2000 megan
Force pci length = 340922000» 12050 Ni

‘te tal 3.40882 is tbe ested by 40.0 ment
ace or ani emi 40.240.002 4525 Nin

When wind Moms pal vá (QO and 180, ten
F002 (48-4526 603789 34 000 48-436) 2%6%7H931 TR 44546=27.278

“This oc eit uch ht af fhe tonal dg i tobe ete y windward Length (16)
calc by vest 2 length (2m) exc direction 0" and 180"

For Roof
1 3660 sto be resisto bythe Hd eng hats 48 = 16m
Fore peran arca = 11 36600(1600% 60) = 11.84 Nm
136600 N is tobe vested bythe ad em ti, 20
oe per ont ac 11 36800(32.00%60)= 592 Ni

Fe fico feces indie in Fig 14)

22130N sto e rest bythe length 20.0
Fore peri len = 22780200 113.58 Nin

22730 Nito essed bythe length 40.0
Force peri eng =2273040.00= 35.83 Nim

Calculo o Force

F= Ca per uit area where p = 789.31 Nm

SP6uS 81) :2001

tr

0.19 Bunn wnt Munnsran SAW Toor SPEED Root (Coninued)

edt Wie? pe Wit

12

1007: (L$) r9.as.

LL
Y

N

a
mon | 10m | 10m fr ETA

19 (9. Frictional Force for 8 = 90° 19 (g) Frictional Force for 0 = 0°.

FIG. 19 BUILDING WITH MULTISPAN SAW TOOTH SPEED ROOF

SP 6418 &7):2001

Example 5A rectongalar cad ling with malien pitched roof (Fi 20 [Table 164

0.20 A Bune want MuLnsax PICO ROO (Continua)

Physical Parameters:
He 60m

id 200m

Lena) 1000 m

oof Unis 4

Rootangleta) © 17

Openings on ies: Les than 20 percent of wala
eral sac of wal: Rough (Corvgatd)
ul able fes length of 100 m= 21

A spam eng cua.

ss

rasen:
Wind Data
Wind 00 : 2 Bas wind peed = 394)
Terrain caeguy: 25324]
Ans far :CIS2A
Topogrpy: Almost fat
Design Wind Speed (Y
hs
Ba
vo
= 1m
3951x093% 192627 we
Design Wind Pressure 0)
Im = DER =06 06277-70931 Nin?
Wind Load Caletaton
Irsa Pressure Cie (623 2986232)
Sine opening wel han 20 percent of alae the va fy
sero PressreCoficin (62.26 and Table 16} ;

Since he vales of pesar coeficiente given in [able 16] for roo ange 5, 10,20. he vos
of Gj for 12" are obtained by Inepoling between the vest 10 and a= 20°

Region

03-03-03 -042)

03-04 06

hh

02 06
Design Presser Coficien en Ros
ec,
WG mh Eh h= 6m hy 88m
ida on Sit sie ridges y= Ow’ = 20 m

denver de Te es u gus
a a ara Gap
Eire arr di eut ra
a oi
ES vag Cog us ans

“These coins have been marked in Fig. 200) nd

s

saßen:

FE —
SER sai

These eins have ben indicated in Fi. 206),
The eign nl ooo adding re given in Fi 200 an)
Design Pressure Cie for Walls [6221 and Tales]

WO = 10008 A= 6 me = 0075 and = 125,
Foch S0Sand 1 < tiv LS vues , ae

ie

oo os os

cos 05 2
sos
13

02 08
wos as
los “os
‘07 15

Corsi o var of the wind tion te €, (ein) fra fr ides 1, and and Loca)
13 or come sips on locos f 0.253 = 20 wih wise an 0.29 = 75 m lengths nd ae
sled nig Wale)

Calealation of Fictional Force 63.1308 Table 171
When wind lows pall gi da 0 = 9 an 270% en
ham, Bay’ = 80m dt 1000 d= 160724
‘Teton rg fos given

FC; (A bp Cap
agen ot” ag on wa

Here C = 02 for compte tt a etemal face wäh oa cs the wind dicción

= 002 400 ~24) x 80 x 78931 +002 (10 x 6x 2789.31 = 95 9009 41439701 = 1103771

‘The ection drag free on varios seta elements sted ach that Opern ofthis tons dg

seis by windward an length (33.3 m) longwä ber end and balance 5 percent force by tn 230

Tenth (68m) in ech reson = 90 and 200

Fiona da force» 95 980.09 N

95 980092 = 1790.05 Nin resi by Ara 133380 y

Force er nt ea = 47 990.03 3 80) = 17.99 Na

3709005 Nie by another Zn eg th, 66] m
Foreperun ren 13 99286567 80) = 899 Nine

SP64(S & 7): 2001

Fictional drag = 1439701 N
119830 est by 3333 length

His For pun length = 19850593 = 21597 Nm
‘other hl ati. 7 18950 less by 666 mean

thats, Fre pere = 7 ¡905006 > 10797 Nin

‘When wind blows paral to with (0 O and 180, tes

ha mb 100m den’ 0m dh=133.46-04,4n>4

= 0.02(60~ 456) 100% 78931 40.260 4x6) x 1278931

840272 + 1060823 = 9901105,

hs sit ssh hat aff this ction rg sei by windward 1/3 length (2647 m) and

alae ty et 2008 ento (53.3 m) in each ston
For oof

4420136 ies by thee eng ats, $09 = 269 m
Face peru area = 44201 3612667 10) = 1657 Nin
44201 6 N ls resiste by the De length ar BO = 59333 m
Fore peruni area «4401 30(53.39% 100829 Nine

5 3042 Net bye length 2667 m
Farc prie = 53042266
SANS eS y Dean 5343
Foros pei length = 33042533

Calculaiom of Force
Cop por uni re, were p,

RE

ON

20 (a) Root Plan Gp (Overall) for 0= 0°, 180° 20 (b) Roof Plan Gp (Local) 0 = 0°

1007: (LP 5) 99 4S

FG. 20 A BUILDING WITH MULTISPAN PrTCHED ROOF (Continued)

P6418 & 1): 2008

Kom) em | ve A

20(¢) Root Plan Co (Overa tro

2019 Design Wed Paco o Wal and Root
190.20 A Bun WITAMELTSPANPTICIE ROOS(Comimez)

“0

SPOS &7):2001

Capra end
2000 Gral nats
10.20 AD wine MULA PCE ROOF

samples. recanglarclad gown bla with combined of (Fig 21) [Tale 20)
ae! ifthe Ames iad.
Ce 2— Ifthe Aes i tad sides pen)

ei of main bung 0 som

Height of annexe bang) som

"id of main baking 6, im

‘Wide annexe balding) im

Shope ot oof ofsnintuing a: 20

Slope ofrofofemexe building: 184

Length of ulin 10m

Feb 2 pace! wal area
Wind Data
Wind zone? (bi wind peed = Hd)
Clas tater: A
Probable design iso sucre 50 yeas
Design Wind Speed

io
10

Ge=+07

ternal Pressure Cohen for Rol 16222 an Table 5]
Main Building

he 8 287 LA, 20 a = SX T2 105 m

‘STE nt ent Ca het enr rm mm lin e rra

a

SPSS am 2200

Region u a
inde ind alo
re 0290

ex 07 05 ETE

Figure 219) and give e Cvs or man buin nln ca vals
10 ofamexe bling and vertical common (22.10 a0 Tae 20

Here a, 30.6, <b, and JA = 846 = 20
hm - 002.02

E20 raschen?

For porn à Ge = 407 fr deton 1
2-04 rien?

For ponions and Table) given above
for Wats {62.2.1 aná Table 4)

nb i) = TS 18,0250 D and = 18779257

1

rer |

exevaron

Pa 21 Preis Roor WA VAE (Continued)

wagen:

Region

en 07

so 5 07

lee for portions cand d(T}

Cou) = Ge and Ga 207

FOTO» 0, Gt forregion £F = 07-07 LA
CB fr region GH= 03-07
Genion
poe freon EG

Calc
Cine for portions ond
For potion

when

Ws Chechtercpa x03
ote vale fo roa are shown Fi. 2169 an)
efor Wate
Region A T

0-90"

\*

12 12 0 0

02 02 14 1060
These vales o Cane am valses shown in Fg. 210)
Isto te note thatthe ca pesao of I. mus De pls vr in nn
and ack wal 81090" ad 270 In many sucre design wil have ob hecha fer bth ave and ve Cp

4

S

|

an

Le) Cpu VALUE FOR ROOF (et) (2 pe VALUE FOR ROOF Cet
or] (00
"6.21 Preis Roor wor a Veraoan (Come)

e

SP64(S & 7): 2001

‘pecially when bee are lad api ames since some members ma gina buck foro ofthe lading

Design preso coito shown n Fig 219)

anne prio son xe o vehunging pic, is ted overhang [622TH having C= +12,
Hence Coa) = 145

‘Te potion of wal below e vean is tbe designed fr apresar cof Cy 09a in Tai
orton} for wind rm ett ight and Cy = 07 Wi ress and ye -04 nd C= 20. for mind
From gt wie. Although et pressure re generally given st = 0" and 0 he design dal be checked at
(0 180" and 270" umes he suture al sel in bot ection.

Fe mt mnt ene cent ebay ce ls

2

Le) Gp DESION FOR MOFA) (4) Cp DESIGN FOR PORTION “or
hor ano"

Weuuoıng LOCAL
(0.0.00)

21 (9-4) Mal Bing ct Local Vans

Y

ae
rt

Une, luna | use]

ar TT Ts ean

2110) Net Prossure Coens on Varia Wats
iz

0.21 Pr ROOF wri Veran (Continued)

rasen:

210) Net Pres Colin on Vere! iaa
co

Pia 21 PIE Roo vu à VERANDAN (Came)

sr San:

16) Pressure Contient on Vial Wale al = 0" and 90°
10.21 Pra Roor wem Von

example. rectangulo lad bug wth 00 having ky gh (Pg. 22), Table 20

Piel Parameter:
He >
Tu ei of srt (hy)
Wii >
ua a pat

ii of stv

of scare

15m

“

Wad soe 2 Bae wind seed 39)

Tec 3
notan A
Erase de lesa Syn
opone Noa

Design Wind Spe

Ye Sn

5d

E

p.204 20609) 29126?

neal rsure Cohen Gum 202

oma Pres Confer on a (62230208 Te 20)

hs de 2m oh, > 4

Cr pan ad bis. md 407 rap

Ti valo of a hin or 8 = geting

tera Pres Cole on Wl Cy) (622.120 Ta

wand t= 125

Reon a 8 © D ia
80 +7 2 os -os|
os -os «07 -o2l
Lael Values for Roo rom Table 1.18

Region a 4. se
E 0 À
Cana when Ga 08 07 0 22 22
4 05 06 14 18

20

>
20
22

sagen:

(on for roo ho in Fig. 20)-
pine for Wal
G (rep Local =-08-02=-10

ioe fe mai portions ofthe wall

Region 45 € D wa

wages Sd Ye

spé a 7): 2001

Dae) 07-07] —
Pree mo 09 00

Figure 22 (3) gie vals of coetcient or e main wal
Sine Uh and ars ta there wil be tonal dg on bling,

NOTE ton La viet cnet da e y 0 >

Design pressure coset fr whole ung ae gen in Fi. 26),

un |

mi]
Cp NET FOR ROOF

190.22 À RECTANGULAR CLAD BUILD WITH SIT ROOF (Come)

&

SP64S 87): 2001

won 0-8. cpa?
wy

chs

22104) rd fo Main Wats

Ska ROOF (Continue)
Pa 22 ARActaNGULAR Clan Boo wr

wagen:

q
ones

229) Cara) or Bung
0.22 A RCTANGULAR CLAD BUILDING WIN SKYLIGHT ROOF

ape 8. Considere rectangular cad building of Example wi he same parameters except that
‘b= ba (Fig 23) Table 204

In hi ue b € these, vases of Gy for portion a and seo be determined fom (Table 2)
Here y= band hh = 66 = 113

Geo potion) = 22 13-29 «064
and Ge Cor orion 6) 2. o iron 1)
(Geter poro) =-0. rien)

¿y Local vals for roof rom Tbe for = 0°

Region eo»
Gr wba = 07 STE
Cie) when Cp 034 07
Gee) ou 03

seras am:

(Incl votes for og rom Table 51,10 180

Region = +
Ge when Cede os
Cire when Gh = -02

Gina) 03

However op Ivar sde ape (Table 20. em (e pe ph orion a and era potion
rad 06 pacte Fig 23 0) 4e).

fe) aes considering ariba of win direcion ae ven ini. 23 (8,
(Otter values of Ce as wel local remain changed
ne forte rot ad ie wal ar nd in Fig. 246)

ee pe.

Ge NET FOR ROOF

110.29 A RECTANOULARCLAD Buse we Sera Roor
SPUCIAL CASE (Continued.

n

SP6HS 87): 2001

a

pco

Z

2910) Cle forte Bing

10.23 À RECTANGULAR CLAD Buono wim SEMA ROO
Sree CASE

rasen:
Example 9 Consider the rectangular la ang of Example 91.27 with he same parameters except hat
these sof angular shape (Pig 24) Table 2

The Cy, 0 care given foal wo potions a fo ph roof and slight pron at 0. and 404 for
in side and 0. and D for loon ie

Ths net) considering ie varailiy of iron of wind is -038 and 406 fr al polos ofthe oo and
{etx wel as Cy ll rin unchanged Fo ether prono ling

buse]

100.24 RETANGULARCLAD Beine wm Sera Roo

sample 10.4 godown with seme arch springing from ground (Fig 25) Table 15),
eign som
wid) 00m
ng do 300m
Semis cured of, nin rm around level
Openings on ies not mor an Sproat wal ae
Bxemalsufse : Compact

Wind Data

Windzons 4 (Basic wid speed = 47 5)
Cou: 4

SPSS 87): 2001

Design Wind Speed

CE
Au = 090 (for mean probable design fe often
fe 2 09e

À = 100 oct ground 1533)

Design Wind Pressure
20639 LOGS = 102.080

Internal Pressure Cociient (623 04623:

Sine opening snot ha Seren of wall aes y= 02
‘External Presure Coca fr Roof (622.5, Table 5 und Tale]
For = 020$ Ca 12 and = +07

‘The cored root convert to pitched rt a 5 em eight par and cocficie fo this pron ae
callos por [Tale shown im Fig. 29).

Ford =90" anda 226

local) ae indie in Figs Wunde)
External Pressure Coeicens for End Walls
vm Ht = 0500815 ee Uc

Ge for8=@ Te 06
GpotenGpi=s02 08 08
Genen ne 04 04
Er 407 0
Craie Gps 202 -05 03

Width aca egos = 0.25 worl=25m

oe valor for to shown in Fig. 25

wagen:

Fricinal Drag 63.1)

heH=smbate 10md= L= 30m
Ps VON ON

Since >and A <4 te ional dg il be epeicced y sucre for 0= 90° and 270% Alo ine
theo! is cored thee seo walle The Ina ng given by

= G (= ANY bp sad CF = 0.02 fr come srs
F 2002 00-48 910010310. 200208

Halfton rg to be essed by windward 18rd (10m) lng sd rest half by 2/34 (20m) eng
nevar, nado ote ds

F2 GA panne 1031.98?

Pr ui
Dr)

190.25 Sa CIRCULAR SHEL ROOF Continued)

SP64(S £7): 2001

a
|

ZL

ven, coon) ond
wit ee

Fo. 25 Semcmoutan St Roor

Example H.Retenular lad sucer having car arch shel of wth overhang (Fi. 26) abe 152

ds AM sy”

11.26 Puno wi CRCULAR ARCH Sue ROOF WIM
“Ours (Come

eight of ac tn

sph ol Sucre

vaa

Longo

Openings on sides ‘Openings 5-20 percent of wall rea
8m x2 m masonry (opter or walls

‘Topoerapy los wah ss ac insuring a indi ar
faraway

Rais of este

Wind one 4 (ask wind speed 47 m4)

Terai etgory 2

Chan lamer 5

Mean proble ie of sete

Design Wind Speed (8.3)

his
090

ma 066 a 06 (LAS LOL
Interval Pressure Coin 6232046232)

Since openings arshoutS-20 percent of walla he value of C20, The sign wil depend onthe disco
A Roof arret es of openings

Pressure Coëlent (on r00 162.2, Table 1 and Taie 5
Bec A = =0273 204074 21m

LENZ] oy inepto

Forte pupa of os dC thc of considered quil pido having Ar = 6/1 =
SiS and ot angle = 6"

Since the ge i cued there will be mo Wel coins. The Gy vale for he root are own in
Fi 26)

Pressure Coffin for Overhangs (6227

Cap of oven pron sth ame as that of he cart op ponian of the roof nd in this case Cy for
70 sn 0". for 55m wide edges abd“. foe mae sp of 2.45 m

For windward sd of overhang de oval C (on under id of of sre) is 1.28 while on ewan ide
‘ot oetang he G, cel De Go of ping wal

Ge values forth a indies in Fg 26.
‘External Pressure Coefficient for End Walls (622.1 and Tale 4)

foe «07 03

toe vales fre rot at Indie in Fi, 24),

SP64(S 87): 2001

Fria! Drag (63.1
hati= 3m, Betz 1 mpu= 1O3LONI?
1.230
Since d= 10> 4 and A= 3.67 <4, ional dsg vil be experienced by sere für = 90° and 270
= GUA ,+ Cold AMA pa
= (average of ah un curation ries = 05001 + 0%
F © 0015 (30-43 x 111081 +0015 G0-4X XX IX 1431
= 306210167020
(oot) (wall
ai of cional drag so de bone by windward 1708 lenght 10m eng and rs al ihn
easy ie 23 length on leeward tha, 20, in ion ter id

om

2510) 10) Gon Root
190.26 Bune wins Canc ARCH SHÉLL ROOF WITH OVERIANG (Contin)

ES

SP64(S 8 7):2001

201) Ga for Rot

i)

{ere

Posa

286) Gnd on Wa

Po. 26 BUNDINO VITUCIRCULAR ARCH Sat. ROOF WITH OvERHANG

SP6US ET): 2001

Harpe 12 Estimation of dsg wid pressure on gls lang

The determination o equivalen si wind press on large ating has been he subject of conierabe sty
esos ae of sch pig onthe Kennedy Merial Bling in Bain, USA Is ecognised hat
‘ch urge ing experince Bre (pe of win deal adv, ney
(i) a ate wind od doe oa wind spend averaged over a specie tie itera,
Gi) resonant wind a oe to resonar excitation ofthe vibration ofthe panel bythe energy of be
{ocelot Matus atthe ata cn fe par,

‘Generally pekin, theresa component can peti natal equncy ofthe panel more han

‘Shou 250 Foreign puren he formation om experimental and ones have been coed
Selen steady design wind presen whic al fe Or wind od component std tot se

ang the design wind pressure can be worked out foreach evel of bio, recommended hat be

pene conceding the op lee we aso athe como adopted follower evel There te

{min eso ori eommendation

Fira — Te sue ned 1 tac he cken of the plas tal paces

Second —Theffeso ale apart tay bight Such ale may pratt tral prescott
¿spot ie U du u fe pacas of al ro he bln sagas! he stim Valve of 2 or big
Vil no windows, Such nese of ermal pre may bring about the fale of er peso wich he
Ie nena peto may somme by the pasages nid tin
o tas ae an example a ae co ecto elo bling js csi New Dell of eight $00 m
amd sides of 130 meach, nein eatery 2 and wäh no wndowalopening.
Design Wind Spee 8.3}
Y, = Vb
3 à lic tre gas pares hazardous (Note 201621
7 hop thse of bing e 0 m bu ane sz wil be estas 20m, hence the poe is
amer Css N nd condi valu bs een picked up rom Tabe 2

Design Wind Pressure
7, ~06(¥)*=0.6 (5888) 2207724 Ni?
Since he lng is mica windows, per (623.1, te intl reis een
Mo.) (a) and Lew) <2)
Considering ha glaring is provided at nce o ls an 025 isthe wich al om the comes
pr Tab he neral al pesao ecfeient a =} 20 wil govern be dan even wih minimum intel
Pare of 02 ng ina sl preste cocfientol-1 4. Ths pve a design pes oe ging
py 27712083
3.13 Preliminary Explanation wih Regard Stars vi Fre Ros (Covered by Tables 10 13
his 4 1] feto oo with open bay on al sides [Table] plies trots wi (vying between
28 and 0 nd AM ig between 1 and Maden oth ofpresre due to duc rte
pli When te ln of he cinoy e ar, en [Table 9 o 1] have to be wd (id) Sr ea
Sout In such nes bic ad 10] ply tha the average esses wi ae 10 be worked oat for prtons
‘ere for wd angles oO 45,0 nF, 48, 90,135 and 180" when Ber socio on oe si.
For ample [Tabls an 1] eve seprte ress on one qua ea area of of designated 8), at
D 2 [Tales I and 12] ae tobe wed fhe canopy ice at 30° In ee (AD substantially more
thon 80 and tangles oer ban ve penn the Code is ett como wid ne mode tdi.

Frictional force sl be considered when te ou rs ug in (Tables 91 1) compared 1 he aa in
{ant The ito fore tbe date ich a al fie ton fre atone windward rd

so

he surface and te oer Pl nthe leeward rd surface The forces may be considered tata he id
‘ne of hese prions,

The definition ofthe eight ‘nea ia Tabl] fox postive and negative root anges ms be cael no.
A ote igh tothe lowes ptf the cano a bo posi nd negativo! anges.

“Te definition ofthe wih tat fhe man canopy ony ad wil ance te fc they are inline and
‘vend beyond de edge of be man caopy

Case A — No bsractonsitred material blow the canary

(Table ead 6.224), ves be oven raf pesares ofte canopy. Thecalunns, uses and foundations
eto be checked fortes lands Irs tobe mote iat he Cade gies nl De freiheit in he ection
‘Find a 13 forthe facia pl ht oly faci of sgl 0" (Qu sic) aia) s covered in the
ERIC Ir the facia has an ale ter an 0, he loads ea be signent higher ad values used on wind
Tunnel model dis orcoteratve valses bie on he loads of of overhangs of bugs 16.222 and Tale
‘Slay be ws number a sah canopies are being bles more conomical o gt mode sais made
vind ane know asia oia,

Here, ne shit os eins (6.2241 has to be found, This is obronly the ai o the height of
the button othe ttl height of the Canopy. A indicated in [622-4 and Table 8), the positive
‘sane is nv alfeted bythe brio bot the negative presu upircm ofthe oie ges
Iroc, The horizontal fre cocficient of 1 on ie vereal Canopy is Intoduced only on the
windward canopy.

The presuressthecoresA, & C Darestoun st behigher vale of-3 Online vitsame ofthe ne fags

sn nih absence of pei lato on hi post in th Code I maybe sted tha as pe he Code he
{sign oot be hehe for opos presres on be wo as the cani

921A Sole Examples of Pree Ros

Example 13. recnglrelad lin wit fe piched oof 162.24 and Table 9.
Pry Parameter:
Height)
Spun).
Roof enle(@)

Wind re 4 (Basie wind speed 47m)
Teningen 1
notarse 5

Den fe of 25 ean.

Design Wind Speed
= Vb dada 47090% 103% 1.04857 mis
Design Wind Pressure

p= 06 (V9 =06% (43577 113800 Ni?

(CASE L: When there stored material underside ie Fig. 27
Wind Land Caution

Pressure Cole on Roof and End Surfaces (Tate 9]

u

SAGE

For Roof
Cos) =C, op) boom)

oro 0
Gptlorregion D) 206€
Cros £)= 051-09) 208
Gao 04-2) =04
Giesen £)=-06-(-13) =-03
Gr = 10 (02-08
Corbie D)=-03~(-04) «04
Giforetion £) 2-03-04) =01

For Ed Sutices

G toe = Gro) - Gre)

E ningnadd end sate) = 08 - (099204
E cenar eo vac)» -03- (3) =-06

or 90% there wil be for ae o im rag Engel
DS pb 005% 1 13900%50% 10 28S

Forseon prion D= 1.463 | 159.00% 1 = 182240 Ni?
Fase on ponian 2 0.8 1 1390091120?

Face on pron £'2-0.3% 1% 1139.0=-341 70?
The design pressure fin ae insted in Fig. 270)

‘CASE I Meets of rin or stored materials arto be considered fee Fig 270)
Wind Load Catelatons

Pes cuit o end cs ao le om 0
font

Gtteron)=01- 08-07 rte
Ergon) 2 27-09 eg
Eltern D)a-01-054-06

rr ETE

Ge Rene 1008218

D gon Dre -04 + 05201
Emo arte) 080
co 005

ue

on Dra-03 606203
ÉCART)

Dei rr ofenda 77
Por inl genial = O05 phd
Foren Dir Poros

RE Ter ID eve
F=-20% 1 139.00 = -2 278.00 Nien?

Fy=-16% 1 139.00 = -1 82240 Nin?

AZZORK 139002 PONS

SP 6408.87): 2001

ZT Design Pano Content
wo Pr Roors. 0. 0° win WITHOUT EMECT OF TRAIOR STORED
Maras

ped temporary roof (Fig. 28) wih and without an obs
(ter

zum
ES

sance of 1.0m fom be cen. There are. igh ction es

“

ELEVATION

sem way

Wind Date
Temin category
ass of etre
Lief tre
Too

Design Wind Speed

me
07

PLAN

0,28 A FREE Doumız-SLoren Root (Cowie)

2 (asic wind peed 9 4)
A
5 yer Tablet}

5950763 1.1 =29.64 ls

SP64(S & 1): 2001

SP64(S 87): 2001

Design Wind Pressure

Die DE =06 09607 = #7853 Nat

Pressure Coetcets on Root

10020 (62.24 and Tables}

Sic te LO mh ot Blc rl wind nd is onan say) = 105

Glover) = +07
E loca) 408, 51.6 406,41. Us shown in Fi. 28 0

Macinum ve (ction)
Gloveall=-078
{Coca = 1.08,-1 5,-1.8, -096 [As shown ia 281

Grow
Sine ther iso obio oar ow 0 Albeit vales of Cy sam a e cs or

Giorenipe-07
Etwa =-09.-13,-16,-06

Calor om

Since the bsrstion ion downwind sie not on pied side 9=0. The G vales re same sin the cs of

The design pressure cosets Cre shown nF. 280
Force Cacao
The force niet nde by iii op is allows
F = Covel) xAxpg (wher A= Are o ne side ro)
8225 KIO IES «1800986

402 25% 10) X 87853 153428 sing an cent of ro
182 = 125m) away fom the ough, aci arma to ue

Total var fre on suppor sucre
23180088) > 36019.72 Na 602 RN (apuro)

(0537428) «20748 S6N=3095N
Maximum pment indce on suport uni when oe side oo experiences hut and ter side on

ence te moment at top of upp due 1 vera component of wind
CASOS 128. 1937428 1.28) cn 20"

Moment athe bas of he appr de to horizontal component! wind
CEE ETES
23545120

06-178

à tre CmEnEn oF rue
tt

mm PL

Cp LOCAL

240) Forces on Supo Sut

190.28 A Faux Docu or RooF

Example 18.4 rectangular ucla structure with V.troghed fie rf a = 10) and underside brin
(Fig 29) (6224, Taber 3 ond I

Gir:

Pay armen

He im

Wich) tn

Length) 40m

Root angle) iv

Since te into of the enopy is 10° abe 13 an 1) have tobe use
Wind Data

Wind one 2 (Base wind sped 39m)
Femina 2320

Clas of re 515327

Tteot sete E

Tepes Fa

Design Wind Speed (8.3,

= nt
209
7 00 at ground)

Design Wind Pressure

De 0E 206 GEAR =

sr 640667: 20

Wahr underide bstucton. Fig. (0)
Pressure Cocéients Tale 13]
nr00 Give) = Cop) ~Gfbotom)
Posie forces on surface ae always o ea cing tomando surface
fo ey

28381) 2 +10 00 o eng frou ating downwards

Gc for reion Ey
102" C09)= 21. onal length of roof acting downwards

For = 4" (on fl eng of 00)
Cine (forepon D)» 00 ~(-02)=402

G foe forregon 8) = 01 (2032404

Ford 290

so region D)=-0.1~ 01) =-02
foe (or pin = 01 = (01) = -02

Acting on windward width =) ands zo on est of porte of (6224 nd Tab 13)
Geo Corregion F)=04= (-15)=-+1 914-2901
lt lesions below ihe oot Table 14
Pressure Cet on Rot

G02 = Cop = Eston)

Ford on uen

G llorsegon D)=-07 = (08) =-15

Ca orrgion = -06- (08) =-12

Ca lor region A =-11~ (09)=-20

6 lGoregionD)=-0A~ (03)=-07

Co locreion£)=-02= (02)=-04

Ford 0° for windvd length of = 80m

G loregion Dh -D1- (0193-02
Carson )=-0.1~ QD 2-02

Fox = 10° on fan

Ga lrreion D) =-04- (02
G(lorepon D =-06-(-03)=-03

Fiction fore at 0= 0" and 180

Since obsmcion maybe on ier sie, enc, maximum y 81.5 ove the of and loeloneesis-20,
Recent mesuement sage ha he vale shouldbe enced 03.0 a te commer.

s

SP 6408.67): 2001

CASE 0=d CASE 0=90°
2910) Get Dino ing wih Local Coats on
RIDGE

A La

ren;
EN
i E
a" Loser

| |
Mal ..
LU |

| T
CASE 0-00 CASE Os"
2910) Get Dig or Ceding wt Loc Confins on Rage win Unde Oben
10.29 Get) Descour CLADORNG TH OR WIMIQUT UNDERSIDE OBSTRUCTION

»

SP64(S 67): 2001

92 Force Coeficent Method 1631

921 Ie Force Count mel the Lal wind od Fon apaicula bing or sce as whole is
A 2 effective froma rca of building or structure, and

The Code pei diferent valves of farce cofiient fo diferent face af a bling, Since the design
pressure vans ith heim, the ace aren of blight e avis into sp nd pope
Presses re ten over he span caused india on he ae A

922 Force Concent for Clad Bing 632)

{Figur A] gives the vals ofthe Fre Coeficiente rectangular en ung of form seston wih Mat
ook depending ponte Dan values whi [Table 23 gies e vale or the bugs o tio

22.1 Fore cocina or rar sections 163221
Thou e Code species as Foro Corinto ira rs secon bling be en from Fable

23) 3 or à pre em fr inf th [5] may wed which accounts or e surface ross

9222 Force coefficients fo walls nd hoardings

Earle was thought hat he anima wind pressure oct when the wind disco ah angles te
Surface, Te wind tunel xt abro, however nested the mama net pressure ccu when he wind
À owing a opto 31 be wal Marin. Farr. she who het rio of wallinerene. the
et normal pres aco the wall o ind direcion normal othe wall, deren due 1 Ihe anat of
the pre atts on lan side. Netra fe ed or Comer dee ia age incense i od or
oblique wind rctons loving onthe fe end pela iger wieght. ease an cent wll,
Framing right gle the een he e ad neath come reduce comely

Incase ourings be pressure ends ob tle higo dae o wid Now under the ung. When the
Fonera he baad, The Ca, src comida a (Table 24) valo for hourigsvals
SS a aus Drang on he round or above he round a high 2025 (hand hare
the width andthe tight ofthe waloarding respecte).

923 Force Coefiet fr Ucld usa

“The Code (633) sei the vals of Foc Count or permanent cid bugs and fr fame
oa of buildings wih re temporary ca ike ro ner and rare works of muse Dl
Inguactores rng rs

924 Force Coefcens for Indi! Members

Foc individual members of infinite length the Force Coeficiente be taken rr (Table 23) a fr Fite
em meer depending pon the lor vas tobe modi by «mutation factor cas before These
Vie afer modified neat ie member abt ont pate r val inch a way hat eee ow of a
sur aten fe morbo preveated In such aes he UB vale i dale for dtemiing te ale of
nase he re Mom of iis preste rand Dt nds of Be member th value of is =n foreskin,
the value of

9241 Flo sided members

[Table 26 seis value of e FoseCorficinsfr wo mota perpendicular dicton in cs of

Mai cies when he wind nna tthe anti ur le member Tes se degnatedas

tnd Crete formal aod ave recone and ar given in (Table 26, The worma and anserse
roe aha given by he lon wo elton

Normal Force, = Ca Re LB

Transverse Force FC PL

sagen:

9242 Calar scons
The vales of Force Colin or sch member ae o be let as explain in 9.2.2.1,
In theca o wires ad cabe e values of ore Coefiienis ae dependen on diameter, rs roughness
and di desen wind sped. The Force Coins fr ch mentes a ta beak or (Table 27).
925 Open Plane Frames
Single andre open frames ae covered in|6.3.32n86.134) Depenngypn te soiiy ro 9, ore
Client dais viel io Ure agote a

2) All tied member

1) Al cular members vin eter

iD DV» at

©) Frames wit oh la and ir merken.
The alc ofthe Force Coefrent ae ven in Table 28) In case of mp pra rae, the windward
Fees have a silo Ihe leeward frames. Te wind uc be wind aes ny unde
Far he leeward frames computed sing [Table 28) bt wind ld un ly sic oy par shed
depende upon the efe soy año an e ram spacing oe windvd fae Tac 29) gies e
‘Stig Facto interme of Efocine Sally Rat andthe fan spacing rato.
926 Lace Towers
The dti 6335] fo overall Force Coefficients for wind blowing into he fa fe ice ower is
Sol Rat 9's divided a unde
1) Square lowers with munded memes and
9 Eilat lgla tower with rounded members
Incase of saure tower wi at members, wind i ko to e comiera owing to comer o the tome
For which pers the Code comes a mulipyng fora 2 fort wind Bowing ino he ace.
927 Solved Examples by Force Coficien Method
Example 16. 4 hoarding of 25m 1.5 mat eh with enr 2. m above ground eel is to be ered
m National Highway id Dei (ig. 3)
Pica Parte:
Helen) 15m
Wid zone: 4 (Bas wind speed = 47 ms) for Det
Terain category 1632.
Clas of sees: 632.2) inc al dimensions ae es an 20 m
Design Wind Speed (1)
Y, = Mook ke (53)
Probability tr for Yy= 47 m SA an Tdi)
(071 (rm mean pote design ie of srt e Sen)
Terr Pig an sce ie tr S32 a Table 2] orig 10m
Lie
“Topography fair (52.3 and Appendix)

ence Wig 47 0711.05 10 « 35.04

SP64(S.87):2001

Design Wind Pressure (154)

= 06% (Vand py = 063285047 = 73668 Nn

Wind Pressure and Forces (61

Force Coxfients [6.3 and Tobe 24)

b=25m

Elective Frontal Are (A) «25% 15375 2

Wind Force on Hoarding ()

Fa 12x 3573668 = 3315068 01884028008

(ck or Oblique Winds 63.23

The value of inthe cases 170 one edge and 04 om anther edge Fig, 200
For veal forces, (sto be considered average of thes wo vales, ais C (atea) = 1.284
Wind force average wind fre due 1 oblige wind)

However he reste dit ae hogs phen in Fig. 30) lang he sen fhe ft

ee a abel E sj, cage hor y clan y ed
A ern

Example 17. A masonry frestnding boundary wl Fig 30)
Phys Parte:

eight of walabove ground eve: 30m
Width of wal (0345 nio eight
Length of all din

Mas density of rickimaanry 2 1727548?

Wind one 2 (ase wind sped 39m)
Ce fte ciss22

Design Wiad Speed ¥)
Y = EE BIEN
Ar = Probability factor (SA. and Table 1)

02 considering mean potable din ie ol wal 825 eat)
la = LOS ortorin category 2 and eas of severe ©
2 Lau ground moe at

SP641S 6 1): 2001

Fo. 1 Bouoany Wat (LENG Im)
Hence

Vig 39092 093% 10 35.37 048

Design Wind Pressure SA

Do = DEXIA = 668.13 Ni?

PA

Chaise oC, 1632304 Tabe24
Here,b me à and bo > 160
Since va on ground 420

Force on Barbed Wire
Say ratio = 10 percent, comeiponding value of Cy or single frame having a sided meme 1.9

Forces at Base

SP64(S 87): 2001

FAP 13362653078=4236 ken eng
Calclation of Stresses Base
VERS“ 1X MS) = 19.22 A wid of wal
Bending gres caused veil sing produced tse o extreme edge
PA sox TO A OMS 2058) Nm

Compromiso eses dos o weight ba

neck far Tease Siren

_Accowingto52.3.20fS 190: 989 Cae of practic frst safety bling: Masonry wal son
theta ent ace wala grad eve amano. Nin ro excede ermal value

NT EE TONNES

hight 1 fo op = 214 m
Econ 2 fro) 0392 m
"eight fo op 034m

(ict gh epee altering nina

Fh ERG RIOT

nt ne espai or an yw ray ee ie o
ci e po te e oe mee

amen À

es) orRoat

Fisica Parameters:
Roof ale (2) ur
Tope Fat ground

Wind Data

Wind one Base wind speed = m)
Teneur EE

Cha ae Ais322)

Design Wind Spee (Y)

1.07 onsieriginpertnt rue having ret period of 10 yer) I.
RZ 10322 rae2]

5 2 10 ie upwind ope <39 833.01
Vig MITO O 4708

Design Wind Pressure 12)
Po = 06604708) = 132992 Nis?

SP64(8 81): 2001

Wind Lod Calcaation
Eo (CIA néant
oa Pressure Cents an Rot (Cp 1623: and 6228)

As per (62.31) the permeability of compete nk may be les an S percent and canesgoning Cy = 02
‘vain rain a stage may ame when opening oe foe uy be equivalent open ende der.
Inch stanton or his 0635 or 1622.) Cp” - 08 However, arca bean aide pone pros of
107 162.3] duna concion pte. Howe, hens pcs for whatever aso, he working
pecs mus be taken fr Cy The design shoul be check wi = lng he a o ro. Once
he lc fhe ro eins ea presse hd echange accordance wits (62-33) Thi mars
peste eternal peste of 0.7 an be ep,

sternal PresreCoccients om Rot (Ce FU 21
Her hd 6 and an 0.2, nd (6.22123 Fig Zappa.

Treo, he a= 015 402 D [sice02<Md<2]=29m

Since wi may come from any diction, the Gale ae give (Fi 320)

Design Presure Count on Rot Cp)

The vale of, or design of of ling when te sols empty ae given in [ig 32)
Forccson Stl Portion

For component design, pressure oie as escribi [Table I] ae ob ss.

For oneal fre Table 23] oe ed

Over force on tel fe completed a)

Here Vb 2 6, MD = 06 nd eter race i ough
ES]

À 1016000
Fore P= G A paz 07 70% 13299265 166088

When tsk ope tp extra pese dispo sound he nk may be conse apie
it sites dsc ln [Table 18] fr VD = Y and irn postions of pepe D.C, vale
CFP SSF AS a Ta ie A
Cp 1008 01 “07 “12 “ts “17 “1 “a7 “05 -04 -04 -04
= -08 (en ean is without oa), ak
(EE 0 (hen he an is partly ope) 16232)
“The maximum net C aná foe ar tatoo ow

amp 19. Arar water ok esting on sha Fig. 23)

CET

50940 or
a we

nous où wm

>
ELEVATION

PLAN

o. 33, Warn Ts RESTING ON SHAT

Height teow op cap 2525m
Tota eign) zum

Diameter of sha (oes) som

Diameter of tk 130m

Surface condon Fat rough on a and ted on shat

‘Sincethelighto minimum sera dimension stes tan SO, nase I check he design fr dyna
forces

SP 6408 81):2001

Wind re 3 (Bae wind sped = 47 m8)
Claw or sree »

Topogrpty Amos ña
Poe design fisco : SOY

Desen Wind Presure Various Heights p=)

For clei design ind presse van ris of the tank only E wil change ad scort,
I van have bee compte below
1 per Note 2 of Table 2)

1 2 OIGO «127291 Net
For 101015 height

fy = 034

À 2 or px Onde 18m
m 2 Des aN
fy = 088

NS HOME x 10x 102 6136m
p= OX AEN = 102659 Nr

Wind Load Caution

up wind pesur ono [Table 19] wt To height of he tank pron and D = met ofthe task
p= 9308
Ge = 078 (by inepto)

and ER 2 £02 rien tan Speen pings)

Vera oon 10116229]

1 2 0788 ACA Copan ese 2010
F2 ons Ba Cora or
fasion
Ecco” MD 0119813
seus moment 23745 kN

(Over Horizontal Fore on Tank and Shaft (63.2.1 and 6322]
Inthe case of uch ppenanes which Stn an ater str, ne confronted withthe problem of
finding height amer, Tercia oui nthe Code sa how such isin arto sandie
Réel sponsor plane bal oiga sume tthe ir lows sya
{orbites Seneca) abou his plane so that is plane can be considered sa vial ground. Then de
Igo come HP and mar Dane stable valve gh diet os (HD) In
ds problem, we have 1 mie HDD

SP 6418.87): 2001

= Cra e rom Table 23 fr cto seo]
Vib Send roghsudtce
Forts UD 0 46 which es tha and ence C

Fort sa th presence ofthe wide mater tank atthe o an th rod at the oto, may be viewed a
taking the tow two nese ha O fore a=» Here iti appropiate ote = 12 for

Horizontal Force on Shaft per metre Length
001 100 mg) 120% (19.0) 102539
Tossons

00 m0 18 mis) 1.205e(1«90)% 117112

(80m 18 mis) 120% 290pe127291
0m 1975 mb) ana xiLox 127291
Sonn

(69.3519 2000 mia) amaxıyıması

(20.0010 25.2 meno 073158140611
129566

(25.25 mt0 27.00 ih) 07 (302) 1 40611
OS

{appends DI and its not io ply be valo of Cor alar section and th proceder ia md
tobe note tht te prestar ares nodal on of Table 2] above tee sto be wed

“Te valve fie force coin given in [Table 23] occa rose cson muy apps o e consisten
vi vale ed rm Fig 8), and coed fr high o dune ra a per the recommenónicas i
abe 23 wil be isc atin generale vl im [Tale 23] ar higher ven if one amies a he
‘alte a fine HD ae those comespondia othe un of tuple [Table 25 one vals a HD ==
weve om the sein in [Tale 23, lar tha he roughness envisaged in (Table 23 nines
due made sal pres, sii fom rca comieron. Ts cas considered in
[Dig S The weed Smo in Tale 2) relly men ns prole oD = 005 x 10 of Pig 3) (orte
foes conic of Ba AD.» =. For amer of 130m he mean thatthe combine deis
osc seat sb es han DAS mm. which io ikely o Be achieved como.

Ire surface i plated to sooth wit o Min or retos, designer may ak the values (i. 5)
Stead of vos in (Table 23) hig tbe muller as 08 fr MD < 20 I he presen problem he ore
sin be wil be 064 or an an 08 for sha

sample 2, Consider he circular tank of Example 1910 be spond on 16 columns a 45 om diameter ©
225 rally witha radu of 5 m Other parameters rain changed (Fi 34),

‘Asim previas problem the eight to maximum wih cam be ken a 30 ad ence no dynamic mais
Pa ess

Fee on oo ofthe dome (622.3 and Table 19]
Since take rests on comm. is covered under se (of Table 19

H=90mZ= 270m. D= 130 mas (ZU-1=2:
‘The vale of, =-075 (for oo) and = -06 (or boon.
‘Since opening ae est an pee, C= 202

PASEA

0.34 Ware Tae REG ON COWES

pit Force on Rou pr Square Metre

2 Grinsen?
Fore on ot pe Square Mee
oC) 1x taste vt
Un For on eat Ta
{77214508 wihan ain 04 D=13m
nt aceon Tan (321 6323, Ta
Page 28

ron:

ove on staging (63,63 and 604, Table 28

RS ll sins one tin 225° à r= Ue sin 6751

8 ltl 90 Fin 67.5%)

evs sen (y toto) on vin facing columns = 1.28
Overall Forces on Staging

The mo specifi guideline in he Cade or ig othe ore coetcet or such std configuracion
Amerie speach ol ia gap Row econ any for O up 675 and enc the rae soci
x pee [6.3 Rey to be cher dou The ange valore for and Bin Pi} dows men
Fe San er lence. tis consrvlve to lke effective sty” 2007 and Te pain rl 1
in] Tale 29| wih cis «ción factor of D6 Hens wl fee coco, = 128 7 128% 08

ÈS for combine tet qf windward a wel seer clus Hee exposed are A

(Om he = 2068 66% 102639 = 139629 Nm
Sa = 2088% tS 112 2150929 Nm
HasmustSmbeigh) >2018x 61% 1279121731777 Nm

Ford! mie LS mo 482 83720 URI

Forces on Fach Cros-beum Spanning Two Columns

‘045 mm and C,= 273, Comespondingly forces ae as fllows dl
For Omar On Rage 2782 048% 1026092 12016 Nm.
For oma IS mig )= 26x O48x 1 7112214926 Nin

Force on Fach Columo pe Un Length

ce on ech column for clan of design ad se fl. Hee, C= 12 Table 23 foran aspect.
For, (mio 10m height y= 12% 045% 10263955425 Nm
Fork, (mu ISmheigu) 12x 045% 117112 = 68240 Nm
ONE (IS mio m2 12% 048% 127291 268737 Nm

102

Dim

+
etevarion

®

PLAN

1.38 ANDE Tye Waren Tan
sample 2, An inverted pe conical water tant Fi. 5) for anlar power plan.
Hein 20m

Topdiamaer 148m
Bonar dance 130m

Wied Data
Wid one 3 Basic wind sped um)
Teraincategoy :2

Closotsmewte 1815322)

Topogmety Pat
Probable He of sucre 10 yeas

rasen:

PASA TD:

Design Wind Speed
Y, Veda

M 2 den

A = tories)

KL = 109515322 and Table 2 (y ineroran)
5 rosa

Y = Aasc107% 1095x106 5155 mb

Desen Wind Pressure

Te design pressure fr ter elevation ae given in Table 10:

Din em
Force Coen

Heigsresdth ao = 295 = 5; Cosiering be surface of be nk as Lough, Ya 2 6 and fu is
di ra free een a er Table 2) 0031

Windtore Fy = 05. p.A
= 0Sx08% 1 sata
520851 S944 (1486 33505 22830103

Esa” 08 1522.28 3422.25) = 38057 N

Fin 08% 1432963 (6% 9 = 2065402.

ia = 081 30349.(6x3)= 18770260

Eo = 08127734 (6% 3)= 183939
Reaction, hear force and ending moment asin the wer ak a acalever barn
BA and SF at an clean of 4 m=-141 904.9 Nm and 28 380.98 N respecivey
PM and SF at nero of 18m = S40 $32.78 Nam and 6643798
BM. and SF stan levain of 12m =~ 1062968. Nem and 37 072.6
[Band stan van of 6m = 6580255 Mm and 105 842.86
BM. and SF. at bse =-2 445 4458 Nom and 12423655

Example 2. maire framed balding (Fi. 36)

Lane soo
cie an
Spacing of frames 5m along the length

1

P6418 & 7): 2001

Po. 36 AMunsronev Bu

Wind one (asi wind speed 0 4)
‘Termin category 3
Chas of ttre (ine maximum dimension > 50)
Topogray tate paire 3
Lie otre Er

Design Wind Speed

RZ varies wthheigh

À = (50% 1.00% 100 =s00

Pe 06e SO

SPOS am: 2001

Wind Load Cacuations
a= 1080-02

bv 6050=12

fortes aes omfg. = 1.2

Alter selecting proper valves o rom the Code, ales ofthe design wind pressure ae computed and

‘Table 11 Wied Load at Different Flor Levels

a | aah T mm 1

|

ample 23.4 30m high self supporting square amer (ik. 3)
Pil Parte:
Height of ower 300m
Haw wih Som
Top with 150m
amber o pets ñ
Panel ihe Tap ive 3.0m and este ae $0 mech
bce, pi ao pala Sm pa Xe po

Dale veas
eS

Table 12 Member Properties,

Eu
eg IT La

a E

OS
Des Wind Pesare

fe sie pr as a be en saa op
Compataio Sty Rato)

san
Solid ac (4) Ares fes + Ara o harian members Area of traces

Bote,

Ad 10peren fr gust ples te 0702900703072 m2

Soy rat) = 0773 2225=0344

Fac oui) or sq Tis ower wi ft members 163. and Table 30}

Grteiwen oration 30 m and 26. m leans =2.58 y Inerpolaion)

Wind Lod Callan

Fraxpoxc

F atlevasion 0m = 0.708242 806 321.155 1.132 88=7 15006N

‘Shs fore levain 30 m= 7 150066

Bending moment a levain 27 ma 7 1500533021 450.18 Nem

‘The pel od, shes forces and Bending moments have Been compe or different elevations te give in

Tan

Table 13 Computation of Velo, Pressure, Drag Cake, Shar Force and Bending Moments —
Wind Normal any Face
Take ae Namen

93 Gost Factor Method

9.31 Methodology of computation of wind lad by Gast Factor Meio has teen plain in 6. Therefor,
solved examples sure ave been ge blow todos usage ofthe etd

932 Sof Examples Using Guat actor Method
Example 247 ind design wid pressure fora rctanglo cad bin.

du Sg tn ms
Toral category 3
Tomo Pa

SP64(S 8 1): 2001

Previous Code 1 87:196 Fg 1A}
p= 20k = 1 960.7 Nin? a 30 min
Present Code IS 875 (Part): 1987)

As per (A fi Code, snc th ato f gh wo leat tral dimension (D8) is 5, daa ass is
À = ofre

er OS rana

Design Hourly Mean Wind Speed

Design Wind Pressure

Do = OSASOP<3ISONm
Computation of Gus Factor (6) 183}

Cw vege re}

Fr the potent ne fom Fe 8

Hence, 2= BC, = LEONA) = 0.1667

ackgrwndrbulence tr = 0.76 Fi 9]

Focale parameter, one neds to know the natal een (inthe Tit mode Using expresion
AN

7-00 -000x NED = 1738
li. 10] Ca VO) 1200578) HOOD:
Sie socio factor from Fig. 1)is 15.

The pure a LV) 0.78% SOS S =2678
Te us cry facto rom Fig, 1) then 007

Since the ei fun Dingen 25 min ain category ,9 =D (BL Wa the damping ein
Beooi6 male #1.

G=1+ 17/0704 +07 +0ISOIV0NA| > 1 + 21923518
ence he design wind presse 30231354) = 1319.7 Nm at 0 ei.

Proce ay te design wind reser frere dat ema were considered nd he esas
sre given blow at 30m ph

fie [ares veran | IH | 15957]
rai: bo |

he |

100 | 3 | 197028 196000
we E

Sem | 8 |

300208 |

no

SP 640887): 2001
“Te tngo norte he design presu for Tein Category 2 whichis ery common or al ins
tres ide ies tbe nl.

xatple 25.A mutstoreyed framed ling of ample 2.

ung SD len, 10m wide and 60 m igh
Ue of moe Soyo
Torn cto 3

Fat

Design Wind Velocity
pe ofthis Cade, Rao of eight et srl dimension (60/10) 6 raie aalysiss equi.
T= DOI »009x60NTO= 1.76
Fra = V1.7 = 058 He € LO He dynam analysis required
OA
fy 2 LofTabet. N= SO)
= os rane 35
Design Hourly Mean Wind Speed
WY = $0 (.0105KL0)= 250m
Design Wind Pressure
pe =06 2507.

Ge te gor BLO SET

Forte present rom [Fi

For GO mit r= 15,1 =1 2001, G, = 10: C212
Hense,h 6, HC, he 14100412600) 20138

CU = 1260091 200 060

Background Turbolence Factor
Calculation Reduce Frequency

Fig 101 = C, fh! Wa) = 108) (6009125 167
Sina econ fact (5) fom Fg 106 028

“The parte fo LY SEX 120005 227.84
“Tae os cry faster E rm Fi Liste 007
Computlon of Gust Factor

0 (83). With damping oie = 016 Table 341
021435 MOTT + OF +028 (MOD) =.

Compton a wid load at ire tions of the Blin ae given in Table 14.

SPSS DD

sam |

ample 26. Th inverted pe water tank of Example 21 wing Gut Fa
Hunden quere o he rue: 049 He

4 = 100

Ve AE .07x0:786% 100-3700

BGG

E cman

À OS SOS = 2225 n°

Gt ate = any RT FEA
gore IAE

8S oo.

& = 10. b26,C,= 120229

este 200

Forts values, = 08 om Fig. 9)
Sine esto fact (E) = Cy fh Vi = 120492907
For values, om Fg 10)

Calcio E (Gus nea at

SP 6408.67): 2001

oo Fig. 11-00
G = 10120 108 + CRIA 335
y he 24 height

For the 18m height

Hole = 7241208235 OD) 3991 S5N

Tee En Dem «20761008

MAS AS 0025-28 Nm

Mat aston metres from pat F

{992-65 34091 = 1433291
Teis en)» Fran
8992311 +65 4091 x6)

Land Sata sections metre from pln E

fa = EB (IN 8)» FF Ge) FEO
Ma = RI] 2 684091 x 124 24931556)
{S264 à 76405092 à 209 589.3 = 18265642

Asa

Land SE. na section metres fun pol D

Mc = 188992 (17 +19 465 1091 (124.0) + 3893.55 (642) 430261080)

in = SH 126816 1176 1363 +419 1786 4161 56648) 2908 973 Ne

and SF aa sections mers from point C

Me © Susu EN 0 65.3091 (189 + 493155 (02 +3) #3026105 6 292679253)
1320 768 «1 S68 181.8 628 767.9 4363 132269 1275581
41852

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