Ischemic stroke presentation for students

Ischemic stroke

1. Ischemic stroke 8 th semester DPT, MIHS

2. Group members Aenza Asif Ayesha Amir Ayesha Batool Bisma Tanveer Hafsa Masood Maha Zehra Varisha Binte Zaheer

3. Stroke ? A stroke is loss of blood flow to a part of brain, which damages brain tissue. There are 2 main types of stroke Ischemic stroke Hemorrhagic stroke

4. Ischemic stroke Ischemic stroke occurs when the blood flow to a section of a brain is blocked or reduced, often due to a thrombus [blood clot] or atherosclerotic plaque [fatty deposits in the blood vessels] This blockage deprives the brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients, leading to death of the brain tissue Ischemic strokes are much more common and the amount of damage they caused depends on the parts of the brain that are affected. If symptoms self-resolve in the first 24 hours, it is called a transient ischemic attack.

5. Causes and risk factors

6. Pathophysiology

7. The pathophysiology of ischemic stroke involves : Atherosclerosis : Buildup of plaque in blood vessels, leading to narrowing or blockage. Thrombosis : Blood clot formation, which can occlude the vessel. Embolism : Blood clot or debris travels from elsewhere in the body and lodges in a brain vessel. Vasoconstriction: Blood vessel constriction, reducing blood flow. Inflammation: Response to injury, leading to further damage Excitotoxicity: Excessive glutamate release, causing neuronal damage.

8. 7. Apoptosis: Programmed cell death. 8. Blood-brain barrier disruption: Allowing toxins to enter the brain. 9. Cerebral edema: Swelling of brain tissue, leading to increased intracranial pressure. 10. Neurological deficits: Depending on the affected area, resulting in various symptoms.

9. Clinical features

10. Common clinical features include :- Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm or leg, especially on one side of the body- Sudden confusion- Sudden trouble speaking- Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes- Sudden trouble walking- Sudden dizziness, loss of balance or coordination -Sudden, severe headache with no known cause

11. The effects of an acute ischemic stroke can cause additional symptoms in women Face, arm or leg pain- Hiccups or nausea- Chest pain or palpitations Shortness of breath

12. Investigation

13. Investigations for an ischemic stroke are critical for confirming the diagnosis , determining the causes of the stroke, assessing the extent of the brain injury and guiding treatment Investigations are typically performed by Imaging Studies Non-contrast CT (Computed Tomography) Scan of the Brain MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) of the Brain CT Angiography (CTA) or MR Angiography (MRA) Carotid Doppler Ultrasound Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound

14. Laboratory Tests Blood glucose level Electrolyte levels Renal function test Lipid profile