Islam class seven icse . islam and its impact on middle east

islam and impact

1. ISLAM AND ITS IMPACT ON THE MIDDLE EAST

2. Condition of Pre Islamic Arabia Arabian peninsula was a stretch barren land.most area desert area Late 6 th and early 7 th century CE Arabians divided into small kabilas (tribes). Each tribes had their leaders Tribes often fought each other Mecca and Medina were important towns in Arabia They led nomadic life(Bedouin) travelled one place to another place carried products for trade Camel reering.slaves were sold and bought. All tribes tried to control Mecca, because it was junction of trade routes Male dominated society. Female infanticide practiced. Idol worship .

3. Prophet Muhammad Born 570 CE, Mecca Father–Abdulla Mother- Amina Father died before his birth and mother died at his sixth age. Uncle and grandfather took care of him At age of 25, he was employed under Khadija,and he married her. At the age of forty(610 CE),his life changed. While her was meditating in Hira cave ,angel appeared and verbal revelation from god( quran ) Holy Quran

4. Believed in one God ,Allah and he became the prophet of God He taught people the words of God and gave message that reward and punishment will be given according to the action of human being. Khadija,Ali , Abu-Bakr were the first believers in Prophet’s message. They used Quran and Muhammad’ s action for the leadership for this they are known as Rightly guided “ Caliphs. Their rule was called as Caliphate. They u

5. Prophet said Allah is powerful, merciful and knowing everything. Immortality of soul Consumption of alcohol and pork prohibited. Lending money on interest, gambling etc forbidden. Teaching of prophet Quran and Hadith Quran holy book of Muslims, revealed to prophet

6. CW Notes I. New words Islam- Submission Revelations –Communicating the devine truth Prophet – Messenger of God II. Name the following The town where Prophet Muhammad was born- Mecca Mother and wife of Muhammad –Amina and Khadija III. Answer the following questions 1. Give a brief account of Arab life during the time Muhammad was born. Ans : Late 6 th and early 7 th century CE Arabians divided into small kabilas (tribes). Each tribes had their leaders
Tribes often fought each other. They led nomadic life(Bedouin) ,travelled one place to another place. 2. What do you know about Muhammad’s early life? Ans : Prophet Muhammad was born in Mecca in 570 CE. His father Abdulla died before his birth and Mother Amina died when he was six years old He was brought up by his uncle and grandfather.

7. Main Tenets of Islam. The word Islam means ‘submission ‘ to the will of God Simple religion – Believers called Muslims Five pillars of Islam Shahada- There is no god except Allah and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah. Salah – Five times prayer in a day. Sawm- Fasting one month in Ramazan. Zakat- giving compulsory alms to poor. Haj- Pilgrimage to Mecca once in life

8. The umayyad Dynasty It was founded by Muawiyah , who was the governor of Syria. In 712 CE, Mohammad Bin Qasim conquered Sind and made it a province of the Umayyad Caliphate. The dynasty shifted the capital of Arab Empire to Damascus. The islamic state extended upto Spain, Afghanistan, Central Asia and Africa. The Abbasid Caliphate After Umayyads,the Abbasid came to power. Harun-al- Rashud was a famous Abbasid Caliph. His reigns saw glorious cultural and scientific achievement. They shifted their capital from Damascus to Baghdad. They were led at first by Arabs and Persians and later by Turks and Mongols.

9. Impact of Islam Trading by the islamic rulers . The Arabs encourage large scale trade and commerce, soon the Arabs were trading with many parts of the world like India,China , Europe and West Africa. . Commercial relations existed between Arabia and western coastal regions of India and they settled in Malabar coast. . Many of them got married and made India their home. .The demand for Indian fabrics,incensesand spices led Arabs to trade with India.

10. Impact of Islam on literature Scholars from India visited the court of the great Caliph Harun – al – Rashid. India works on Astronomy, medicine, chemistry, philosophy and other subjects were translated into Arabic. The Arabs adopted the Indian concept of Zero and passed on to West. Baghdad became the center of learning arts and literature.

11. Islamic Architecture An examples of great mosques at Baghdad, Damascus and Jerusalem were built by them. The pointed arch and the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem is a fine example of islamic Architecture. In the field of literature, Arabic was one of the first language to use perfect rhymes in poetry. Omar Khayyam was the famous poet during this time.

12. Trading , Literature and Architecture Pictures

13. CW Notes ( Date........) New Words. 1. Zakat- Charity 2. Quran – the holy book of Muslims 3. Haj- Pilgrimage to Mecca Name the following. (1).The meaning of Islam – Submission to the will of God (2).Pilgrimage to Mecca – Haj (3).The book which contains revelations made Allah to Prophet Muhammad - Quran

14. iii. Answer the following questions List and explain briefly the five pillars of Islam. Ans : 1. Shahada- There is no god except Allah and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah. 2. Salah – Namaz or prayer five times in a day. 3 .Sawm- Fasting from dawn to dusk in the month of Ramazan. 4. Zakat- giving compulsory alms to poor. 5. Haj- Pilgrimage to Mecca once in lifetime.