ISLAM( introduction to worlds religion).pptx

powerpoint presentation

1. ISLAM LESSON 6

2. ISLAM ESTABLISHED AROUND 7 TH CENTURY YOUNGEST AMONG THE WORLD’S MAJOR RELIGION 1.5 BILLION ADHERENTS MAJORITY OF THE MUSLIMS LIVE IN ASIA AND AFRICA 60% ARE IN ASIA INCLUDING INDONESIA, PAKISTAN, INDIA, BANGLADESH, TURKEY AND IRAN. COMMUNITIES IN AFRICA ARE FOUND IN EGYPT AND NIGERIA

3. ACTIVITY: DID YOU KNOW?

4. CONCEPT MAP

5. SYMBOL STAR AND CRESENT HAS BECOME THE ACKNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION OF THE ISLAMIC FAITH. CRESENT MOON OR HILAL HAS EARLY CONNECTIONS WITH ROYALTY THE SYMBOL CAN BE SEEN IN THE NATIONAL FLAGS OF STATES THAT CAME ABOUT AFTER THE COLLAPSE OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE IN THE 20 TH CENTURY AROUND 1970S IT WAS ADOPTED BY MOVEMENTS THAT ADVOCATE ARAD NATIONALISM. THE SYMBOL IS CLOSELY LINKED TO THE LUNAR CALENDAR THAT ORDERS THE RELIGIOUS LIFE OF THE MUSLIMS.

6. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

7. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ISLAM BEGAN WITH THE ARABIAN DESERT PEOPLE AROUND EARLY SEVENTH CENTURYC.E. ISLAM HAD BEEN INFLUENCED BY OTHER RELIGIONS FOR A LONG PERIOD OF TIME INCLUDING BYZANTINE CHRISTIANITY JUDAISM ZOROASTRIANISM THE BYZANTINE RULERS HOWEVER ANTAGONIZED ARAB CHRISTIANS AND HELPED PAVED THE WAY FOR ARAB TO ACCEPT THE NEW RELLIGION. PRE ISLAMIC PEOPLE WORSHIPED VARIETY OF GOD WHILE THEY RECOGNIZE THE EXISTENCE OF ONE SUPREME GOD. PERHAPS THIS IS THE REASON WHY ISLAM ACCELERATED IN THE ARABIAN PENINSULA. CARVED IMAGES WERE DONE TO REPRESENT THESE GODS THAT WERE OFTEN REVERED AND GIVEN BLOOD SACRIFICES. APART FROM THE PRESENCE OF GOD THEY ALO BELIEVE IN ANGELS, FAIRIES, DEMONIC CREATURES AND EVIL SPIRITS.

8. PRE ISLAMIC RELIGION WAS ALSO ANIMISTIC IN CHARACTER, THEY BELIEVE IN SPIRITS FOUND IN ROCKS, TREES AND WELLS, AND REVERED THESE SPIRITS FOR ASSISTANCE. IN TIME THE CITY OF MECCA BECOME A SACRED SHRINE BECAUSE OF THESE ANIMISTIC ASSOCIATION. A METEORIC STONE THAT FALL IN MECCA CENTURIES AGO HAD BECOME AN OBJECT OF VENERATION. THEY BUIT AN ENCLOSURE AROUND THE STONE AND CALLED IT KAABA. VARIOUS IMAGES AND RELICS GRADUALLY FILLED THE KAABA EVEN THE PAINTINGS OF JESUS AND MARY.

9. THE LIFE OF MUHAMMAD (PBUH) MUHUMMAD IBN ADDULLAH WAS BORN AROUND 570 C.E. IN THE OASIS TOWN OF MECCA. BELONG TO THE CLAN OF HASHIM OF THE QURAYSH TRIBE THAT CONTROLLED THE KAABA AND THE CAMEL TRADE THAT PASSED THROUGH MECCA. REARED BY THE BEDOUINS AFTER HIS MOTHER DIED WHEN HE WAS 6 YRS OLD AND WAS RAISED BY HIS GRANDFATHER ABD AL-MUTTALIB. LATER ON HE WAS PUT IN THE CUSTODY OF HIS UNCLE ABU TALID, WHO WAS THE CHIEF OF THE QURAYSH TRIBE. WITH NO FORMAL SCHOOLING, MUHAMMAD WORKED AS CAMEL DRIVER TRAVELLING ACROSS THE ARABIAN PENNISULA TO THE DIFFERENT BYZANTINE CITIES. HE USED TO RETREAT TO MOUNT HIRA NEAR MECCA IS SEARCH OF TRUTH ABOUT GOD.

10. HE MARRIED AN OLDER WEALTHY WIDOW NAMED KHADIJA, FIFTEEN YEARS HIS SENIOR, HE WAS TWENTY FIVE THEN. AROUND 610 C.E. MUHAMMAD BEGAN HEARING THE VOICE OF GOD IN A CAVE ON THE SUMMIT OF MOUNT HIRA. GOD WAS SPEAKING TO MUHAMMAD IN AN ARABIC LANGUAGE. MOSTLY IN AUDITORY BUT OCCASIONALY IN VISUAL FORM, HE BEGAN TO EXPERIENCE DIVINE REVELATIONS DELIVERED BY THE ANGEL GABRIEL. ISLAM ORIGINATED FROM AN ARABIC WORD MEANING “ SUBMIT ” IN OTHER WORDS IT MEANS “SURRENDER OR SUBMIT ONESELF FOR OBEDIENCE TO GOD OR “ENTER INTO A CONDITION OF PEACE AND SECURITY WITH GOD THROUGH ALLEGIANCE AND SURRENDER TO HIM”. MUSLIM IS THE ARABIC WORD FOR A PERSON WHO SUBMITS TO ALLAH.

11. “ ALLAH” COMPOUNDED WITH WORDS AL AND ILAH MEANS “THE ONE WHO IS GOD” IN 613 C.E. MUHAMMAD BEGAN TO IMPART THESE SACRED MESSAGE TO HIS CLOSEST FRIENDS AND RELATIVES. MUHAMMADS NEW RELIGION CREATED UNREST TO THE QUARASY TRIBE, THEY SAW THE NEW RELIGION AS MAJOR THREAT TO THE ESTABLISHED TRADITION AND ABSOLUTENESS OF THE TRIBAL AUTHORITY. MUSLIMS CONSIDERED MUHAMMAD AS A MESSENGER AND THE LAST PROPHET SENT BY GOD TO THE HUMANKIND. WHILE HE BEGAN TO GAIN POPULARITY WITH HIS NEW RELIGION, THE MECCAN PEOPLE GROW HOSTILE TO THE EMERGING FACTION. IN 622 C.E. MUHAMMAD AND HIS GROUP MOVED TO MEDINA (KNOWNAS YATHRIB) TO ESCAPED PERSECUTION FROM MECCANS.

12. “ HIJRA ” THE FLIGHT OF MUHAMMAD FROM MECCA TO MEDINA, IT MARKED AS THE BEGINNING OF THE ISLAMIC CALENDAR. MEDINIANS WANTS MUHAMMAD AS THEIR LEADER THE MUSLIMS WHO FOLLOWED MUHAMMAD ARE KNOWN AS MUHAJIRUN “THOSE WHO MADE THE HIJRA” AND THOSE WHO SUPPORTED HIM IN MEDINA ARE KNOW AS ANSAR “THE HELPERS”. 630 C.E. AFTER 8 YRS OF STRUGGLE MUHAMMAD CAPTURE MECCA UNOPPOSED AND TORE DOWN 360 PAGAN IDOLS DISPLAYED IN KAABA. IN 632 C.E. MUHAMMAD DIED AT THE AGE OF 62 BUT HIS NEWLY FOUNDED RELIGION HAD SPREAD ACROSS THE ENTIRE ARABIAN PENINSULA.

13. Two letters written by Muhammad…so old!

14. Muhammad’s swords Muhammad’s hat, robe, and staff

15. A piece of Muhammad’s hair! One of Muhammad’s sandals

16. SACRED SCRIPTURES QURAN (IN ENGLISH KORAN) MEANS RECITATION OR READING THE REVELATION OF GOD’S SPEECH (KALAM) IN 610 C.E. MUHAMMAD RECEIVE THE FIRST REVELATION, HE WAS COMMANDED BY ANGEL GABRIEL TO “IQRA’ OR RECITE FOR 23 YEARS GOD REVEALED THIS TO MOHAMMAD WHO MEMORIZED IT BECAUSE HE IS ILLITERATE. MUHAMMAD REVEALED THESE MESSAGES TO HIS COMPANION ZAYD IBN THABIT WHO WROTE THEM ON LEATHER SCRAPS, STONE PIECES, RIBS OF PALM TREES, SHOULDER BLADE OF ANIMALS AND PARCHMENTS.

17. CONT- SURAH THE CHAPTERS THAT COMPOSE THE QURAN WHILE AYAHS ARE THE VERSES. THERE ARE 114NCHPTERSNIN THE QURAN, 86 ARE CLASSIFIED AS MECCAN AND 28 ARE MEDINIAN. THE QURAN ARE ARRANGED BASED ON THE LENGTH OF THE SURAH IN DESCENDING ORDER. AL-BAQARAH (THE HEIFER) LONGEST SURAH WITH 286 AYAHS AL-KAWTHAR (ABUNDANCE) SHORTEST SURAH WITH 3 AYAHS THE FIRST SURAH IS CALLED FATIHAH (THE OPENING) A FORM OF PRAYER. A PERSON WHO MEMORIZED THE QURAN ENTIRELY IS CALLED HAFIZ. (HAFIZA FOR WOMEN)

18. The Hadith HADITH IS A COLLECTION OF THE DEEDS AND SAYINGS OF MUHAMMAD AND HIS FOLLOWERS (‘TRADITIONAL REPORTS OR SAYING) A SECOND SOURCE OF THE SHARI’A LAW THE HADITH WERE COLLECTED GENERATIONS AFTER THE DEATH OF MUHAMMAD. HADITH ARE RECOGNIZED TODAY AS SECOND IN AUTHORITY AFTER KORAN. KUTUB AL- SITTAH (SIX SAHIH) AUTHENTIC BOOKS ARE SYSTEMATIC COLLECTIONS OF HADITH. PERSIAN SCHOLARS MUHAMMAD AL- BUKHARI AND MUSLIM IBN AL- HAJJAJ ARE THE MOST RESPECTED AND MOST OFTEN CITED AMONG THE SAID COLLECTIONS. THE FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM AND MAJORITY OF CRIMINAL LAWS ORIGINATE FROM THE HADITHS.

19. BELIEFS AND DOCTRINES ISLAM BEGINS AS A WAY OF LIFE ( DIN ). MUSA ( MOSES ) AND ISA ( JESUS ) ARE ONE THE PROPHETS SEND BY GOD TO SUMMON PEOPLE BACK TO DIN. ISLAMIC BELIEFS ARE MORE DOMINANTLY SOCIAL IN CHARACTER. IT COVERS ALL ASPECTS IN LIFE FROM EDUCATION, DRESS, MARRIAGE, SEXUAL RELATIONS, JUSTICE, PUNISHMENTS, ECONOMICS, DIET AND EVEN RULES OF HOSPITALITY. ALL MUSLIM MUST BELIEVE IN ONE GOD UMMAH IS AN ADVOCATE FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF ONE SINGLE COMMUNITY. DEMANDING A LOYATLY WHICH CAME FIRST BEFORE KINSFOLK. MUSLIM MUST NOT FIGHT OTHER MUSLIM.

20. FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM OR ( ARKAN AL- DIN ) 1. SHAHADA (WITNESS) A DECLARATION OF STATEMENT OF BELIEF, RECITE DURING PRAYERS. IBADAH (STATE OF SUBMISSION) COMPOSED OF PRAYING 5 TIMES A DAY. 2. OBLIGATORY PRAYER (SALAT) FACING THE DIRECTION OF MECCA OR QIBLAH BEFORE SUNRISE ( AS-SUBH ) NOON ( AZ-ZUHR ) MID-AFTERNOON ( AL-ASR ) AFTER SUNSET ( AL-MAGHREB ) BEFORE MIDNIGHT ( AL- ISHA )

21. MASJID (MOSQUE) PLACE OF PROSTRATION) MEN AND WOMEN SEPARATELY PRAY BEFORE PRAYER A RITUAL WASHING MUST PERFORMED CALLED WUDU, THIS IS TO REMOVE IMPURITIES AND UNCLEAN SUBSTANCES FROM THE BODY OR CLOTHES FROM THE FAITHFUL. A SPECIAL CARPET MUST BE PROVIDED DURING THE SALAT . 3. POOR TAX (ZAKAT) NOT A CHARITY BUT ANNUAL WEALTH TAX THAT SERVES AS JUST AND LAWFUL CLAIM OF THE POOR AGAINST THE AFFLUENT ONES. 2.5 % OF A PERSON’S ENTIRE ASSET, INCLUDING JEWELS AND LAND.

22. 4. FASTING ( SAWN ) DURING THE ENTIRE 30 DAYS OF RAMADAN. RAMADAN IS THE MONTH WHERE MUSLIM BELIEVES THAT MUHUMMAD RECIEVES THE FRIST SURAH OF THE QURAN. IT IS DONE TO EXPRESS OBEDIENCE TO ALLAH AND READINESS TO RELINQUISH PLEASURES IN LIFE. DURING THIS TIME MUSLIM ARE REFRAIN FROM DRINKING, SMOKING, AND ENGAGING IN SEXUAL INTIMACY FROM DUSK UNTIL DAWN ID AL – FITR FEAST OF BREAKING THE FAST

23. 5. PILGRIMAGE TO MECCA (HAJJ) HAJJ (VISITATION OF HOLY PLACE) AT LEAST ONCE IN THEIR LIFETIME DURING THE 12 TH ISLAMIC MONTH IHRAM THE OUTFIT FOR MEN CENTRAL TO THE PILGRIMAGE IS A FULL DAY SPENT IN THE DESERT ON THE ARAFAT PLAIN WERE MUHAMMAD LAST SERMON HELD .

24. WORSHIP AND OBSERVANCES MONTH FESTIVITIES/ SIGNIFICANCE MONTH 1: MUHARRAM (THE SACRED MONTH) THE ISLAMIC YEAR STARTS IN THE DAY OF THE HIRA, MUHAMMADS JOURNEY FROM MECCA TO MEDINA IN 622 C.E. ASHURA :THE ASSINATION OF THE IMAM HUSAYN AT KARBALA IN 680 C.E. IS COMMEMORATED ON THE 10 TH BY SHI’ITE MUSLIMS MONTH 3: RABI AL- AWAI (THE SPRING) BIRTH OF THE PROPHET : MUHAMMAD’S BIRTHDAY IS CELEBRATED ON THE 12 TH . MONTH 9: RAMADAN (THE MONTH OF GREAT HEAT) MUSLIMS DO NOT EAT OR DRINK DURING DAYLIGHT HOURS THROUGHTOUT THE MONTH. LAYLAT AL- QADR : THE COMMEMORATION OF THE FIRST REVELATION TO THE PROPHET IS OFTEN CELEBRATED ON THE 27 TH . MONTH 10: SHAWWAL (THE MONTH OF HUNTING) ID AL- FITR : THE FESTIVAL OF BREAKING THE FAST AT THE BEGINNING OF SHAWWAL CONCLUDES THE FASTING SEASON. MONTH 12: DHU AL-HIJJA( THE MONTH OF HAJJ) MONTH OF PILGRIMAGE (HAJJ) TO MECCA YAWN ARAFAT: ON THE 9 TH FASTING PILGRIMS PERFORM THE WUQUF STANDING BEFORE GOD IN MOUNT ARAFAT. ID AL-ADHA : THE FESTIVAL OF SACRIFICE ON THE 10 TH RECALLS THE SACRIFICIAL RAM GOD GAVE TO ABRAHAM IN PLACE OF HIS SON ISHMAELAND COOINCIDES WITH THE END OF HAJJ.

25. TAWAF CIRCLING THE KAABA SEVEN TIMES IN A COUNTER- CLOCKWISE DIRECTION. THEY ATTEMPT TO KISS OR TOUCH THE SACRED BLACK STONE. UMRAH INSTEAD OF TOUCHING OR KISSING THE SACRED STONE BECAUSE OF THE MANY BELIEVERS PRESENT THEY POINT FINGERS TOWARDS IT. ZAMZAM THE WELL WERE MOST PILGRIMS DRINK WATER AFTER THE TAWAF IS COMPLETED =, IT IS ESTABLISHED BY HAGAR AND ISHMAEL ACCORDING TO ISLAM. FRIDAY IS THE SPECIAL DAY OF WORSHIP FOR THE MUSLLIMS AS COMMANDED BY MUHAMMAD. AN IMAM IS A MEMBER OF THE COMMUNITY SELECTED TO LEAD THE CONGREGATION DUE TO THE DEVOUTNESS AND RELIGIOSITY HE MANIFESTS TO THE PEOPLE.

26. ISLAMIC LAW SHARI’A LAW ( THE ROAD TO THE WATERING PLACE) IT IS A PATH OR CONDUCT THAT MUSLIM MUST FOLLOWED BY ALL MUSLIMS. IT CONCERNS ALMOST THE TOTALITY OF A MUSLIM’S LIFE .

27. ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE FIQH THE SCIENCE OF ISLAMIC LAW HUMAN BEHAVIOR MAYBE CLASSIFIED INTO FIVE CATEGORIES. FORBIDDEN (HARAM) DISCOURAGED (MAKRUH) NEUTRAL (MUBAH) RECOMMENDED (MANDUB) OBLIGATORY (FARD)

28. SUBDIVISIONS SUNNI MUSLIMS MAJORITY OF MUSLIMS ABOUT 87% TO 90% “FOLLOWERS OF THE SMOOTH PATH” ARE TRADITIONALIST AND ARE CONSIDERED THE ORTHODOX OF ISLAM FOLLOWED THE ORIGINAL RELIGION ESTABLISHED BY MUHAMMAD AND GUIDED BY THE FOUR CALIPHS. FOLLOW THE SUNNAH (CUSTOMARY PRACTICES)

29. SHI’A (THE SHI’ITES) LARGEST MUSLIM FACTION WITHIN THE ISLAM RELIGION. ALI IBN ABI TALID MUHAMMADS COUSIN AND SON IN LAW SHOULD HAVE BEEN THE SUCCESSOR AFTER THE DEATH OF MUHAMMAD. HE BECOME THE FOURTH CALIP BUT EVENTUALLY LOST THE UMAYYAD DYNASTY HE WAS ASSASSINATED IN THE MOSQUES OF KUFA IN 661 C.E.

30. RASHIDUNS (THE RIGHTLY GUIDE CALIPHS) THE FIRST FOUR CALIPHS OF MUHAMMAD ABU BAKR (632-634 C.E.) UMAR IBN AL- KHATTAB ( 634-644 C.E.) UTHMAN IBN AFFAN (644-656 C.E.) ALI IBN ABI TALIB (656- 661 C.E.) HIS DESCENDANT SHOULD BECOME THE HEAD OF THE RELIGIOUS COMMUNITY ACCORDING TO OTHER MUSLIMS, IT BECOME “ALIDS” THEN “SHIA ALI ” AND EVENTUALLY IN TIME BECAME “SHI’ITES”.

31. ALI FOR THE SHI’ITES HE WAS THE FIRST IMAM AND RIGHTFUL SPIRITUAL LEADER. ALI YOUNGEST SON HUSAYN CHALLENGED THE UMMAYAD CALIPH YAZID I BUT HE WAS LATER KILLED AND BEHEADED AT THE BATTLE OF KARBALA IN 680 C.E. THIS EVENT IS CALLED ASHURA, OR THE 10 TH DAY OF MUHARRAM. THE MAIN SHI’ITE SECTS; SEVENERS=BELIEVES OF THE 7 IMAMS TWELVERS = CLAIM THAT THERE ARE 12 IMAMS IBADIS= MAY ELECT ANY APPROPRIATE MUSLIM AS IMAM

32. SELECTED ISSUES TWO SELECTED ISSUES IN ISLAM AT THE ONSET OF ITS FOUNDING DURING THE 20 TH CENTURY

33. ISLAM AND WOMEN THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN MUSLIM SOCIETY IS A COMPLICATED SUBJECT SINCE THEIR RIGHTS VARY GREATLY THROUGHOUT ISLMAIC NATIONS. THOU THERE ARE MANY RESTRICTIONS, WOMEN RULERS MANAGE TO EMERGED IN 20 TH CENTURY TO LEAD ASIAN COUNTRIES SUCH AS BANGLADESH, PAKISTAN AND TURKEY. A MUSLIM WOMAN MUST REMAIN OBEDIENT TO THEIR FATHERS AND HUSBAND.

34. THE HOLY WAR (JIHAD) “STRUGGLE OR EFFORT” IT IS TO CONVINCE NON MUSLIM TO PURSUE THE MUSLIM WAY OF LIFE. STRICKLY SPEAKING, IT COULD MEAN A MUSLIM GOING TO WAR TO WIPE OUT THE INFIDELS IN THE NAME OF ALLAH. HOWEVER, THE METHOD OF A JIHADIST CAN BE PEACEFUL ONE, SUCH LIVING A PIOUS LIFE OR OBSERVING THE REQUIRED OBLIGATIONS TO HIS FAITH OR THRU VIOLENT ONES IF THE INFIDELS ARE OBSTINATE.

35. SUFI MUSLIM WHO ARE CONCERN ONLY TO THE MYSTICAL UNION WITH GOD SUF MEAN WOOLEN CAN BE A SUNNI OR SHI’ITE. STARTED AROUND 9 TH C.E.

36. MILITANCY AND TERRORISM ISLAM IS A RELIGION OF MERCY THAT PROHIBIT TERRORISM. THE PRESENCE OF VIOLENCE IN ISLAMIC SOCIETY CANNOT BE ATTRIBUTED TO THE TEACHINGS OF ISLAM BUT TO THE FAILINGS OF HUMAN ADHERENTS TO THE RELIGION. A PERSON COMMITING TERRORISM IS GULITY OF VIOLATING THEISLAMIC LAW.

37. MIGRATION 19 TH CENTURY IS THE GREAT MIGRATION OF MUSLIMS FROM SYRIA, LEBANON AND JRDAN TO THE US. UK TODAY IS HOME TO MORE 2 MILLION MUSLIMS FRANCE 4 TO 5 MILLION MUSLIM GERMANY 4 MILLION MUSLIMS EUROPE COUNTRIES HOSTED ABOUT 44 MILLION MUSLIMS ISLAM HAS NOW BECOME A AMERICAN REIGION MUSLIM AMERICANS AND THEIR AMERICAN VORN CHILDREN NUMBERED ABOUT 4 MILLION IN TOTAL AND ALMOST 2 MILLION AMERICAN CONVERTS THAT ARE MAINLY AFRICAN AMERICAN.

38. ANSWER THE QUESTIONS ON PAGE 102. CRITICAL THINKING ASSESSMENT A AND B