Islam, Judaism and Christianity

1. ISLAM AND JUDEO ISLAM AND JUDEO
CHRISTIAN TRADITIONSCHRISTIAN TRADITIONS
Similarities and Differences Similarities and Differences

2. Christianity Vs. Christianity Vs.
IslamIslam
Bridge Building Between Christians Bridge Building Between Christians
and Muslimsand Muslims

3. Why build bridges?Why build bridges?
Islam and Christianity are major religions that Islam and Christianity are major religions that
influence the thinking and values of over 40 influence the thinking and values of over 40
percent of the world population.percent of the world population.
While there are theological differences, some of While there are theological differences, some of
which might be significant, there are which might be significant, there are
nonetheless other important areas of belief that nonetheless other important areas of belief that
are shared by both communities.are shared by both communities.
Muslims have obligation to be emissaries of Muslims have obligation to be emissaries of
Islam to share its true message.Islam to share its true message.

4. Islam and ChristianityIslam and Christianity
Islam is the only non Christian based religion in Islam is the only non Christian based religion in
the whole world that requires Muslims to believe the whole world that requires Muslims to believe
in Jesus and the Biblein Jesus and the Bible
Believing in Jesus and the Bible is among the Believing in Jesus and the Bible is among the
pillars of faith. Thus, (s)he is not a Muslim if (s)he pillars of faith. Thus, (s)he is not a Muslim if (s)he
does not believe in either Jesus or the Bibledoes not believe in either Jesus or the Bible
Muslims do not believe the Bible is 100% accurate Muslims do not believe the Bible is 100% accurate
because of translation issues and existence of because of translation issues and existence of
different versions of the bible, e.g. Catholic Bible different versions of the bible, e.g. Catholic Bible
is seven more books than King James Version, is seven more books than King James Version,
however, Muslims believe in the portion of the however, Muslims believe in the portion of the
Bible confirmed by the Holly QuranBible confirmed by the Holly Quran

5. Muslim Christian DialogueMuslim Christian Dialogue
لَأ ْمُكَنْيَبَو اَنَنْيَب ٍءاَوَس ٍةَمِلَك ىَلِإ اْوَلاَعَت ِباَتِكْلا َلْهَأ اَي ْلُقلَأ ْمُكَنْيَبَو اَنَنْيَب ٍءاَوَس ٍةَمِلَك ىَلِإ اْوَلاَعَت ِباَتِكْلا َلْهَأ اَي ْلُق
اًضْعَب اَنُضْعَب َذخَّتَي لَو اًئْيَش ِهِب َكِرْشُن لَو َّلا لِإ َدُبْعَناًضْعَب اَنُضْعَب َذخَّتَي لَو اًئْيَش ِهِب َكِرْشُن لَو َّلا لِإ َدُبْعَن
اَّنَأِب اوُدَهْشا اوُلوُقَف اْوَّلَوَت ْنِإَف َّلا ِنوُد ْنِم اًباَبْرَأاَّنَأِب اوُدَهْشا اوُلوُقَف اْوَّلَوَت ْنِإَف َّلا ِنوُد ْنِم اًباَبْرَأ
َنوُمِلْسُمَنوُمِلْسُم
"O People of the Book! come to common terms "O People of the Book! come to common terms
as between us and you: That we worship none as between us and you: That we worship none
but Allah; that we associate no partners with but Allah; that we associate no partners with
him; that we erect not, from among ourselves, him; that we erect not, from among ourselves,
Lords and patrons other than Allah." If then they Lords and patrons other than Allah." If then they
turn back, say ye: "Bear witness that we (at turn back, say ye: "Bear witness that we (at
least) are Muslims (bowing to Allah's Will). 3:61least) are Muslims (bowing to Allah's Will). 3:61

6. Methodology of the dialogue Methodology of the dialogue
َّنِإ ُنَسْحَأ َيِه يتَّلاِب ْمُهْلِداَجَو ِةَنَسَحْلا ِةَظِعْوَمْلاَو ِةَمْكِحْلاِب كِّبَر ِليِبَس ىَلِإ ُعْداَّنِإ ُنَسْحَأ َيِه يتَّلاِب ْمُهْلِداَجَو ِةَنَسَحْلا ِةَظِعْوَمْلاَو ِةَمْكِحْلاِب كِّبَر ِليِبَس ىَلِإ ُعْدا
َنيِدَتْهُمْلاِب ُمَلْعَأ َوُهَو ِهِليِبَس ْنَع َّلَض ْنَمِب ُمَلْعَأ َوُه كَّبَرَنيِدَتْهُمْلاِب ُمَلْعَأ َوُهَو ِهِليِبَس ْنَع َّلَض ْنَمِب ُمَلْعَأ َوُه كَّبَر
Invite (all) to the Way of thy Lord with wisdom and beautiful Invite (all) to the Way of thy Lord with wisdom and beautiful
preaching; and argue with them in ways that are best and most preaching; and argue with them in ways that are best and most
gracious: for thy Lord knoweth best, who have strayed from His gracious: for thy Lord knoweth best, who have strayed from His
Path, and who receive guidance. 16:125Path, and who receive guidance. 16:125
Both communities should not learn about each other through Both communities should not learn about each other through
sources that are unsympathetic, critical, or even hostile: they should sources that are unsympathetic, critical, or even hostile: they should
rather try to formulate an honest idea as to how the other faith is rather try to formulate an honest idea as to how the other faith is
seen in its own authentic scriptures and as practiced by those who seen in its own authentic scriptures and as practiced by those who
are truly committed to it .are truly committed to it .

7. Common BeliefsCommon Beliefs
oOne GodOne God
oLife hereafterLife hereafter
oScriptures including The Old Scriptures including The Old
TestamentTestament
oHistory of AbrahamHistory of Abraham
oHistory of MosesHistory of Moses
oHistory of DavidHistory of David
oJesusJesus
oSocial and moral teachingsSocial and moral teachings

8. Concept of one God Concept of one God

9. AllAhAllAh
Holy Quran chapter 114Holy Quran chapter 114
In the name of Allah, Most In the name of Allah, Most
Gracious, Most Merciful. Gracious, Most Merciful.
[1][1] Say: He is Allah, the One Say: He is Allah, the One
and Only; and Only;
[2][2] Allah, the Eternal, Absolute; Allah, the Eternal, Absolute;
[3][3] He begetteth not, nor is He He begetteth not, nor is He
begotten; begotten;
[4][4] And there is none like unto And there is none like unto
Him.Him.

10. Allah :name in the bibleAllah :name in the bible
ALLELUYA = YA ALLA HU = OH! AllahALLELUYA = YA ALLA HU = OH! Allah
Elohim =Eloh +im (pleural), translated to Elohim =Eloh +im (pleural), translated to
Allah in Arabic bible.Allah in Arabic bible.

11. AllahAllah
 Allah is the name of Almighty God in Allah is the name of Almighty God in
Arabic. Arabic.
Jews used the name Abdullah before Jews used the name Abdullah before
prophet’s birth.prophet’s birth.
The word Allah is used in Arabic The word Allah is used in Arabic
translation of the bible. Also it exists in translation of the bible. Also it exists in
some old versions of English translations.some old versions of English translations.

12. Allah has many names, they all Allah has many names, they all
have beautiful meanings.have beautiful meanings.
[Holy Quran 17:110][Holy Quran 17:110]
Say: "Call upon Allah, or Say: "Call upon Allah, or
call upon Rahman: by call upon Rahman: by
whatever name ye call whatever name ye call
upon Him, (it is well): for upon Him, (it is well): for
to Him belong the Most to Him belong the Most
Beautiful Names. “Beautiful Names. “

13. AllAhAllAh
[22][22] Allah is He, than Whom there is no Allah is He, than Whom there is no
other god; Who knows (all things) both other god; Who knows (all things) both
secret and open; He, Most Gracious, secret and open; He, Most Gracious,
Most Merciful. Most Merciful.
[23][23] Allah is He, than Whom there is no Allah is He, than Whom there is no
other god; the Sovereign, the Holy One, other god; the Sovereign, the Holy One,
the Source of Peace (and Perfection), the Source of Peace (and Perfection),
the Guardian of Faith, the Preserver of the Guardian of Faith, the Preserver of
Safety, the Exalted in Might, the Safety, the Exalted in Might, the
Irresistible, the Supreme: Glory to Allah! Irresistible, the Supreme: Glory to Allah!
(High is He) above the partners they (High is He) above the partners they
attribute to Him. attribute to Him.
[24][24] He is Allah, the Creator, the He is Allah, the Creator, the
Evolver, the Bestower of Forms (or Evolver, the Bestower of Forms (or
Colours). To Him belong the Most Colours). To Him belong the Most
Beautiful Names: whatever is in the Beautiful Names: whatever is in the
heavens and on earth, doth declare His heavens and on earth, doth declare His
Praises and Glory; and He is the Exalted Praises and Glory; and He is the Exalted
in Might, the Wise.in Might, the Wise.

14. Belief in the hereafterBelief in the hereafter
Those who disbelieve say: The Hour will never Those who disbelieve say: The Hour will never
come unto us. Say: Nay, by my Lord, but it is come unto us. Say: Nay, by my Lord, but it is
coming unto you surely. (He is) the Knower of coming unto you surely. (He is) the Knower of
the Unseen. Not an atom's weight, or less than the Unseen. Not an atom's weight, or less than
that or greater, escapes Him in the heavens or that or greater, escapes Him in the heavens or
in the earth, but it is in a clear Record. That He in the earth, but it is in a clear Record. That He
may reward those who believe and do good may reward those who believe and do good
works. For them is pardon and a rich provision. works. For them is pardon and a rich provision.
But those who strive against our revelations, But those who strive against our revelations,
challenging (Us), theirs will be a painful doom of challenging (Us), theirs will be a painful doom of
wrath. (34:3-5) wrath. (34:3-5)

15. There are very convincing reasons There are very convincing reasons
to believe in life after death to believe in life after death
First, all the prophets of God have called their people to First, all the prophets of God have called their people to
believe in it.believe in it.
Secondly, whenever a human society is built on the basis Secondly, whenever a human society is built on the basis
of this belief, it has been the most ideal and peaceful of this belief, it has been the most ideal and peaceful
society, free of social and moral evils.society, free of social and moral evils.
Thirdly, history bears witness that whenever this belief is Thirdly, history bears witness that whenever this belief is
rejected collectively by a group of people in spite of the rejected collectively by a group of people in spite of the
repeated warning of the Prophet, the group as a whole repeated warning of the Prophet, the group as a whole
has been punished by God, even in this world.has been punished by God, even in this world.
Fourthly, moral, aesthetic and rational faculties of man Fourthly, moral, aesthetic and rational faculties of man
endorse the possibility of life after death.endorse the possibility of life after death.
Fifthly, God's attributes of Justice and Mercy have no Fifthly, God's attributes of Justice and Mercy have no
meaning if there is no life after death.meaning if there is no life after death.

16. Belief on the revealed booksBelief on the revealed books
The Qur'an talks about the TAURAT, ZUBOOR The Qur'an talks about the TAURAT, ZUBOOR
and INJEEL which were the books revealed by and INJEEL which were the books revealed by
Allah to the Prophets Musa, Dawood and 'Isa Allah to the Prophets Musa, Dawood and 'Isa
'alaihumus-salaam'alaihumus-salaam, respectively, which are not , respectively, which are not
the same books as the Bible. the same books as the Bible.
Due to the similarity of some contents of Due to the similarity of some contents of
TAURAT, ZUBOOR and INJEEL, some people TAURAT, ZUBOOR and INJEEL, some people
equate them with the Torah and Psalms of David equate them with the Torah and Psalms of David
and the Gospels respectively, which is an error. and the Gospels respectively, which is an error.

17. Christian ScripturesChristian Scriptures
The Muslims consider Qur’an and Christians consider the Bible to The Muslims consider Qur’an and Christians consider the Bible to
be their respective books of guidance be their respective books of guidance
The Bible is called a scripture and if asked about the authorship, The Bible is called a scripture and if asked about the authorship,
Christians tell you that there were forty-some persons, rarely a Christians tell you that there were forty-some persons, rarely a
prophet or a messenger among them, who wrote the Bible under prophet or a messenger among them, who wrote the Bible under
divine inspiration divine inspiration
The concept of divine inspiration is an assumption without The concept of divine inspiration is an assumption without
verification. verification.
One of the major sources of corruption of the Bible is translation One of the major sources of corruption of the Bible is translation
and translations of translations. and translations of translations.
It is believed by the Christians that the first records of the teachings It is believed by the Christians that the first records of the teachings
of Jesus (A) and his life were made decades after his disappearance of Jesus (A) and his life were made decades after his disappearance
and it was in the Greek language. The earliest manuscript available and it was in the Greek language. The earliest manuscript available
is from the fourth century after Jesus. is from the fourth century after Jesus.

18. Old TestamentOld Testament
In the case of the Old Testament, it was In the case of the Old Testament, it was
written in Hebrew and its dialects,written in Hebrew and its dialects,
It was destroyed at least twice by the It was destroyed at least twice by the
enemies of Judaism in ancient times enemies of Judaism in ancient times
without leaving a single copywithout leaving a single copy
It was rewritten from memory, one of the It was rewritten from memory, one of the
sources of corruption. sources of corruption.

19. Qur’an – Al KitabQur’an – Al Kitab
In the Qur'an, Allah describes the Qur'an as "In the Qur'an, Allah describes the Qur'an as "Al-Al-
KitabKitab", meaning "the Book", which is the right ", meaning "the Book", which is the right
name for it.name for it.
The Qur'an was revealed to the Prophet The Qur'an was revealed to the Prophet
Muhammad Muhammad Sall-Allahu 'alaihi wa sallamSall-Allahu 'alaihi wa sallam who who
dictated to his scribes, the most honorable dictated to his scribes, the most honorable
companions. companions.
The Qur'an was recorded in writing as well as in The Qur'an was recorded in writing as well as in
the memory of many people in the lifetime of the memory of many people in the lifetime of
the Prophet Muhammad (S) and was compiled in the Prophet Muhammad (S) and was compiled in
book form according to his directions by his book form according to his directions by his
companions shortly after his death. companions shortly after his death.

20. The belief in all the prophets of God The belief in all the prophets of God
is enjoined upon the Muslims is enjoined upon the Muslims
Say (O Muslims): We believe in Allah and Say (O Muslims): We believe in Allah and
that which is revealed to us and that that which is revealed to us and that
which was revealed to Abraham and which was revealed to Abraham and
Ishmael, and Isaac and Jacob, and their Ishmael, and Isaac and Jacob, and their
children, and that which Moses and Jesus children, and that which Moses and Jesus
received and that the prophets received received and that the prophets received
from their Lord. We make no distinction from their Lord. We make no distinction
between any of them and unto Him we between any of them and unto Him we
have surrendered. (2:136)have surrendered. (2:136)

21. Three features of a prophet may be Three features of a prophet may be
recognized recognized
He is the best in his community morally and intellectuallyHe is the best in his community morally and intellectually
 He is supported by miracles to prove that he is not an He is supported by miracles to prove that he is not an
imposter. Those miracles are granted by the power and imposter. Those miracles are granted by the power and
permission of God and are usually in the field in which his permission of God and are usually in the field in which his
people excel and are recognized people excel and are recognized
Every prophet states clearly that what he receives is not Every prophet states clearly that what he receives is not
of his own, but from God for the well-being of mankind So of his own, but from God for the well-being of mankind So
the message is one in essence and for the same purpose. the message is one in essence and for the same purpose.
Therefore, it should not deviate from what was revealed Therefore, it should not deviate from what was revealed
before him or what might come after him before him or what might come after him

22. The contents of the prophets' The contents of the prophets'
message to mankind message to mankind
a) Clear concept of one God: His attributes, His a) Clear concept of one God: His attributes, His
creation, what should and should not be creation, what should and should not be
ascribed to Him.ascribed to Him.
b) Clear idea about the unseen world, the b) Clear idea about the unseen world, the
angels, jinn (spirits), Paradise and Hell.angels, jinn (spirits), Paradise and Hell.
c) Why God has created us, what He wants from c) Why God has created us, what He wants from
us and what rewards and punishments are for us and what rewards and punishments are for
obedience and disobedience.obedience and disobedience.
d) How to run our societies according to His will. d) How to run our societies according to His will.
That is, clear instructions and laws that, when That is, clear instructions and laws that, when
applied correctly and honestly, will result in a applied correctly and honestly, will result in a
smoothly functioning, harmonious societysmoothly functioning, harmonious society

23. Islamic moral valuesIslamic moral values
It is not righteousness that you turn your faces It is not righteousness that you turn your faces
towards the East or West; but it is righteousness towards the East or West; but it is righteousness
to believe in God and the Last Day and the to believe in God and the Last Day and the
Angels, and the Book, and the Messengers; to Angels, and the Book, and the Messengers; to
spend of your substance, out of love for Him, for spend of your substance, out of love for Him, for
your kin, for orphans, for the needy, for the your kin, for orphans, for the needy, for the
wayfarer, for those who ask, and for the freeing wayfarer, for those who ask, and for the freeing
of captives; to be steadfast in prayers, and of captives; to be steadfast in prayers, and
practice regular charity; to fulfill the contracts practice regular charity; to fulfill the contracts
which you made; and to be firm and patient in which you made; and to be firm and patient in
pain and adversity and throughout all periods of pain and adversity and throughout all periods of
panic. Such are the people of truth, the God-panic. Such are the people of truth, the God-
conscious. (2:177)conscious. (2:177)

24. We are given 4 standards of moral We are given 4 standards of moral
conduct conduct
a) Our faith should be true and sincere,a) Our faith should be true and sincere,
b) We must be prepared to show it in b) We must be prepared to show it in
deeds of charity to our fellow-men,deeds of charity to our fellow-men,
c) We must be good citizens, supporting c) We must be good citizens, supporting
social organizations, and social organizations, and
d) Our own individual soul must be firm d) Our own individual soul must be firm
and unshaken in all circumstances.and unshaken in all circumstances.

25. Forbidden in IslamForbidden in Islam
Shirk: worshiping anybody/anything other than God.Shirk: worshiping anybody/anything other than God.
Treating parents badly: not obeying there orders, Treating parents badly: not obeying there orders,
speaking to them in loud voice even if they have a speaking to them in loud voice even if they have a
different faith.different faith.
murder, suicide.murder, suicide.
Stealing.Stealing.
Adultery, homosexuality. Adultery, homosexuality.
Usury and interest transactions.Usury and interest transactions.
Gambling. Gambling.
Treating neighbors badly.Treating neighbors badly.
Backbiting.Backbiting.
Drinking Alcohol.Drinking Alcohol.
Eating pork.Eating pork.

26. Behavioral aspectsBehavioral aspects
 Muslims should: Muslims should:
Love Allah, his messengers and the believers.Love Allah, his messengers and the believers.
Be honest.Be honest.
Be generous.Be generous.
Visit the ill.Visit the ill.
Help the weak.Help the weak.
Smile to others.Smile to others.
Be clean.Be clean.
Remove dirt from the road.Remove dirt from the road.
Dress conservatively.Dress conservatively.

27. Islam condemns the use of Islam condemns the use of
violence against innocent livesviolence against innocent lives
"There is no justification in Islam for "There is no justification in Islam for
extremism or terrorism.”extremism or terrorism.”
 "It is haram for a Muslim to "It is haram for a Muslim to
cooperate with any individual or cooperate with any individual or
group that is involved in any act of group that is involved in any act of
terrorism or violence.“terrorism or violence.“
Fiqh Council of North America (FCNA) Thursday, July 28,2006.Fiqh Council of North America (FCNA) Thursday, July 28,2006.
T
h
e

f
a
t
w
a

w
a
s

s
i
g
n
e
d

a
n
d

e
n
d
o
r
s
e
d

b
y

s
o
m
e

1
3
0

N
o
r
t
h

A
m
e
r
i
c
a
n


M
u
s
l
i
m

o
r
g
a
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n
s

a
n
d

s
c
h
o
l
a
r
s
.

28. Differences Differences
Authenticity of BibleAuthenticity of Bible
Position of Jesus (AS)Position of Jesus (AS)
Doctrine of TrinityDoctrine of Trinity
Doctrine of original sinDoctrine of original sin
Doctrine of atonement through Jesus Doctrine of atonement through Jesus
crucifixioncrucifixion

29. Jesus in ChristianityJesus in Christianity
The "who question" about Jesus is key, I unpack The "who question" about Jesus is key, I unpack
all the rest of Christianity from Christology (the all the rest of Christianity from Christology (the
study of Christ)," study of Christ),"
Thomas A. Noble , professor of theology at Thomas A. Noble , professor of theology at
Nazarene Theological Seminary of Kansas City Nazarene Theological Seminary of Kansas City
tells his students.tells his students.
““There wasn't a monolithic understanding in the There wasn't a monolithic understanding in the
New Testament" about Jesus and that church New Testament" about Jesus and that church
doctrine about him continued to develop after doctrine about him continued to develop after
New Testament times. New Testament times.
Professor Warren Carter of St. Paul School of Professor Warren Carter of St. Paul School of
Theology Theology

30. Jesus in ChristianityJesus in Christianity
It took traditional Christianity time to reduce its beliefs to It took traditional Christianity time to reduce its beliefs to
written creeds to which church structures gave approval, written creeds to which church structures gave approval,
but eventually those creeds declared the church's historic but eventually those creeds declared the church's historic
Nicene Creed, which first was articulated in 325 C.E Nicene Creed, which first was articulated in 325 C.E
declared that Jesus is God's fully human, fully divine son declared that Jesus is God's fully human, fully divine son
and one of the persons of the Trinity and one of the persons of the Trinity
 Various other views (under such names as Arianism, Various other views (under such names as Arianism,
Nestorianism and Monophysiticism) were expressed in Nestorianism and Monophysiticism) were expressed in
early Christianity - and have continued to emerge in other early Christianity - and have continued to emerge in other
times and places - but eventually were declared heretical times and places - but eventually were declared heretical

31. Variant views of other faith Variant views of other faith
communities with connections to communities with connections to
Christianity Christianity
MORMONS, call Jesus the "Heavenly Father's MORMONS, call Jesus the "Heavenly Father's
Only Begotten Son in the flesh." Only Begotten Son in the flesh."
Book of Mormon, tells a story of how, after Book of Mormon, tells a story of how, after
Jesus was resurrected, he appeared to people in Jesus was resurrected, he appeared to people in
what is now known as America, taught them his what is now known as America, taught them his
gospel and formed his church.gospel and formed his church.
The Book of Mormon says the people to whom The Book of Mormon says the people to whom
Jesus appeared here were descendents of a Jesus appeared here were descendents of a
prophet named Lehi, who the book says lived in prophet named Lehi, who the book says lived in
Jerusalem about 600 B.C.E. and whom God Jerusalem about 600 B.C.E. and whom God
commanded to lead a small group of people to commanded to lead a small group of people to
the American continent.the American continent.

32. Jesus in ChristianityJesus in Christianity
UNITARIAN UNIVERSALISMUNITARIAN UNIVERSALISM
In this tradition, Jesus is often honored as a In this tradition, Jesus is often honored as a
wisdom teacher but is not considered divine and wisdom teacher but is not considered divine and
certainly not part of any Trinity, which Unitarians certainly not part of any Trinity, which Unitarians
reject.reject.
"We say that Jesus was fully human, no different "We say that Jesus was fully human, no different
than you or I, except that he made use of that than you or I, except that he made use of that
humanity more fully than you or I ever will. ... humanity more fully than you or I ever will. ...
Jesus' ministry did not so much point to a Jesus' ministry did not so much point to a
kingdom in a time to come. It said that the kingdom in a time to come. It said that the
kingdom is already here." kingdom is already here."
The Rev. Thom Belote, pastor of the Shawnee The Rev. Thom Belote, pastor of the Shawnee
Mission Unitarian Universalist Church Mission Unitarian Universalist Church

33. CHRISTIAN SCIENCECHRISTIAN SCIENCE
we acknowledge that man is saved through we acknowledge that man is saved through
Christ, through Truth, Life and Love as Christ, through Truth, Life and Love as
demonstrated by the Galilean Prophet in healing demonstrated by the Galilean Prophet in healing
the sick and overcoming sin and death. the sick and overcoming sin and death.
The founder, Mary Baker Eddy.The founder, Mary Baker Eddy.
"We look at him as the savior of the world, as the "We look at him as the savior of the world, as the
son of God, as pretty much as he identifies son of God, as pretty much as he identifies
himself as scripture. himself as scripture.
Riley Seay of the Christian Science Committee Riley Seay of the Christian Science Committee
on Publication for Missouri on Publication for Missouri

34. JEHOVAH'S WITNESSESJEHOVAH'S WITNESSES
The group's Web site explains: "In every The group's Web site explains: "In every
period of his existence, whether in heaven period of his existence, whether in heaven
or on earth, his (Jesus') speech and or on earth, his (Jesus') speech and
conduct reflect subordination to God. God conduct reflect subordination to God. God
is always the superior, Jesus the lesser is always the superior, Jesus the lesser
one who was created by God. ... After his one who was created by God. ... After his
resurrection, he continues to be in a resurrection, he continues to be in a
subordinate, secondary position."subordinate, secondary position."

35. Is Jesus really God?Is Jesus really God?
Bible which is used as a basis for Bible which is used as a basis for
this clearly belies this claim this clearly belies this claim
1. God is All Knowing... but Jesus was not.1. God is All Knowing... but Jesus was not.
“but of that day and hour knoweth no man, no, “but of that day and hour knoweth no man, no,
not the angels which are in Heaven, neither the not the angels which are in Heaven, neither the
son, but the Father." (Mark 13:32 and Matt son, but the Father." (Mark 13:32 and Matt
24:36)24:36)
 2. God is All-Powerful... but Jesus was not.2. God is All-Powerful... but Jesus was not.
"Verily I say unto you, the Son can do nothing of "Verily I say unto you, the Son can do nothing of
himself, but what he seeth the Father do..." himself, but what he seeth the Father do..."
(John 5:19) (John 5:19)
3. God does not have a God... but Jesus did 3. God does not have a God... but Jesus did
have a God.have a God. "My God, my God, why hast thou "My God, my God, why hast thou
forsaken me?" (Matt 27:46) forsaken me?" (Matt 27:46)

36. Is Jesus really God?Is Jesus really God?
4. According to the Bible, God is invisible to 4. According to the Bible, God is invisible to
humans... but Jesus was flesh and bloodhumans... but Jesus was flesh and blood " "
No man hath seen God at any time." (John 1:18) No man hath seen God at any time." (John 1:18)
5. No one is greater than God and no one 5. No one is greater than God and no one
can direct Him... but Jesus acknowledged can direct Him... but Jesus acknowledged
someone greater than himself whose will someone greater than himself whose will
was distinct from his own. John 14:28, "My was distinct from his own. John 14:28, "My
Father is greater than I." When someone Father is greater than I." When someone
referred to him as a "good master" in Luke referred to him as a "good master" in Luke
18:19, Jesus responded, "Why callest thou 18:19, Jesus responded, "Why callest thou
me good? There is none good but one, that me good? There is none good but one, that
is God..."is God..."

37. Jesus (Isa) in IslamJesus (Isa) in Islam
Muslims call Jesus Isa (variously spelled Muslims call Jesus Isa (variously spelled
Issa or I'sa) and call him a highly honored Issa or I'sa) and call him a highly honored
prophet, though not divine. prophet, though not divine.
The Qur'an mentions Jesus many times The Qur'an mentions Jesus many times
and includes a story of his virginal birth. and includes a story of his virginal birth.
. Islam believes Jesus was calling people . Islam believes Jesus was calling people
to surrender to God, which is what the to surrender to God, which is what the
word "Islam" means. So they view him as word "Islam" means. So they view him as
a Muslim a Muslim

38. Jesus (Isa) in IslamJesus (Isa) in Islam
Muslims believe Jesus performed miraclesMuslims believe Jesus performed miracles
 They deny he was crucified. God merely They deny he was crucified. God merely
made it appear so to Jesus' enemies. made it appear so to Jesus' enemies.
. Muslims believe Jesus ascended bodily to . Muslims believe Jesus ascended bodily to
heaven.heaven.
They believe Jesus shall return back near They believe Jesus shall return back near
the end of time to tell these truths about the end of time to tell these truths about
him and his true message.him and his true message.

39. What is the word of God in What is the word of God in
Qur’an about Jesus?Qur’an about Jesus?
A. Regarding the Sonship of Jesus: A. Regarding the Sonship of Jesus:
It is not for God to take a son unto Him. Glory be to Him! When He It is not for God to take a son unto Him. Glory be to Him! When He
decrees a thing, He but says to it "Be", and it is. (Qur'an 19:34-35) decrees a thing, He but says to it "Be", and it is. (Qur'an 19:34-35)
B. Regarding Jesus being God: B. Regarding Jesus being God:
And when God said, 'O Jesus, son of Mary, did you say unto men, And when God said, 'O Jesus, son of Mary, did you say unto men,
"Take me and my mother as gods, apart from God?" He said, 'To "Take me and my mother as gods, apart from God?" He said, 'To
You be glory! It is not mine to say what I have no right to. If I You be glory! It is not mine to say what I have no right to. If I
indeed said it, You knew it, knowing what is within my soul, and I indeed said it, You knew it, knowing what is within my soul, and I
do not know what is within Your soul; You know the things unseen. do not know what is within Your soul; You know the things unseen.
I only said to them what You did command me: "Serve God, my I only said to them what You did command me: "Serve God, my
Lord and your Lord." And I was a witness over them, while I Lord and your Lord." And I was a witness over them, while I
remained among them; but when You did take me to Yourself the remained among them; but when You did take me to Yourself the
Watcher over them; You are the witness over everything. (Qur'an Watcher over them; You are the witness over everything. (Qur'an
5:116-117 5:116-117

40. C. Regarding the Crucifixion of C. Regarding the Crucifixion of
Jesus Jesus
And for their unbelief, and their uttering against Mary a And for their unbelief, and their uttering against Mary a
mighty calumny, and for their saying 'We slew the mighty calumny, and for their saying 'We slew the
Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, the Messenger of God'... yet Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, the Messenger of God'... yet
they did not slay him, neither crucified him, only a they did not slay him, neither crucified him, only a
likeness of that was shown to them. Those who are at likeness of that was shown to them. Those who are at
variance concerning him surely are in doubt regarding variance concerning him surely are in doubt regarding
him, they have no knowledge of him, except the following him, they have no knowledge of him, except the following
of surmise; and they did not slay him of certainty... no of surmise; and they did not slay him of certainty... no
indeed; God raised him up to Him; God is Almighty, All-indeed; God raised him up to Him; God is Almighty, All-
Wise. There is not one of the people of the Book but will Wise. There is not one of the people of the Book but will
assuredly believe in him before his death, and on the assuredly believe in him before his death, and on the
Resurrection Day he will be a witness against them. Resurrection Day he will be a witness against them.
(Qur'an 4:156-159). (Qur'an 4:156-159).

41. Christian concepts of atonement Christian concepts of atonement
and salvation and salvation
Salvation can be defined as the Salvation can be defined as the
deliverance from sin and its penalties deliverance from sin and its penalties
In Christianity, salvation is found through In Christianity, salvation is found through
the Doctrine of Vicarious Atonement. the Doctrine of Vicarious Atonement.
this doctrine states that Jesus "rendered this doctrine states that Jesus "rendered
full satisfaction" to God for the sins of man full satisfaction" to God for the sins of man
through his death and resurrection. In a through his death and resurrection. In a
nutshell, Jesus took our place, and his nutshell, Jesus took our place, and his
death absolves us of our sins. death absolves us of our sins.

42. Salvation According to JesusSalvation According to Jesus
Nowhere in the four gospels did Jesus explicitly state that Nowhere in the four gospels did Jesus explicitly state that
he would die to save mankind from sin. he would die to save mankind from sin.
When approached by a man who asked what he could do When approached by a man who asked what he could do
to gain eternal life, Jesus told him to keep the to gain eternal life, Jesus told him to keep the
Commandments (Mat. 19: 16,17); in other words, to obey Commandments (Mat. 19: 16,17); in other words, to obey
God's Law. God's Law.
To a similar question put to him by a lawyer, as recorded To a similar question put to him by a lawyer, as recorded
in the gospel of Luke, Jesus told him to love God and his in the gospel of Luke, Jesus told him to love God and his
fellow man (Luke 10:25-28). fellow man (Luke 10:25-28).
In the Old Testament, God says: "... the son shall not In the Old Testament, God says: "... the son shall not
bear the iniquity of the father, neither shall the father bear the iniquity of the father, neither shall the father
bear the iniquity of the son" (Ez.18:20-22). bear the iniquity of the son" (Ez.18:20-22).

43. Salvation according to Qur’anSalvation according to Qur’an
God says we are all created in a state of God says we are all created in a state of
goodness (30:30); goodness (30:30);
He has not burdened man with any "original He has not burdened man with any "original
sin", having forgiven Adam and Eve (2:36-38; sin", having forgiven Adam and Eve (2:36-38;
7:23,24) as He forgives us (11:90; 39:53-56).7:23,24) as He forgives us (11:90; 39:53-56).
As we are all personally responsible for our As we are all personally responsible for our
actions (2:286; 6:164) there is no need for a actions (2:286; 6:164) there is no need for a
human savior in Islam; human savior in Islam;
salvation comes from God alone (28:67).salvation comes from God alone (28:67).