ISLAMIC RELIGION _historical background and religious beliefs

Islam religion

1. I believe in God, the Father almighty,       creator of heaven and earth. I believe in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord,       who was conceived by the Holy Spirit       and born of the virgin Mary.       He suffered under Pontius Pilate,       was crucified, died, and was buried;       he descended to hell.       The third day he rose again from the dead.       He ascended to heaven       and is seated at the right hand of God the Father almighty. From there he will come to judge the living and the dead. I believe in the Holy Spirit,       the holy catholic* church,       the communion of saints,       the forgiveness of sins,       the resurrection of the body,       and the life everlasting. Amen.

2. ISLAM RELIGION

3. Lesson Objectives: Define the Islam religion Explain the historical beginning of Islam religion. Describe Muhammad as a founder of Islam Religion through a graphic organizer.

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5. ISLAM RELIGION symbol crescent moon and star indicates that followers of Islam are respected and treated accordingly.

6. ISLAM is one of the three monotheistic faiths or Abrahamic religions that arose from the Middle East. The Arabic root sin-lam-mim which is the root word of Islam meaning “to submit” or “surrender.” As a religion, Islam means “submission or surrender’ to Allah (God)

7. Followers of Islam are called Muslims. Followers of Islam aim to live a life of complete submission to Allah. Muslims believe several prophets were sent to teach Allah’s law. They respect some of the same prophets as Jews and Christians, including Abraham, Moses, Noah and Jesus. Muslims contend that Muhammad was the final prophet.

8. KAABA CUBE IN ARABIC HOLIEST SHRINE IN ISLAM LOCATED IN MECCA SAUDI ARABIA

9. Sheik Karimal Makdum Mosque The oldest mosque in Tawi-tawi built 1380’s which was considered as a National Historical Landmark and National Cultural Treasure. Functions as a center for information, education, and dispute settlement among believers.

10. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

11. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND Islam began with the Arabian desert people around early seventh century C.E. These people had developed their own set of beliefs prior to the formal establishment of Islam and had been influenced by other religions for a long period of time, including Byzantine Christianity, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism. Judea, the home of Christianity, was not too far away from Arabia, and the great cities of Damascus, Antioch, and Alexandria were neighbors to Mecca and Medina ( Hopfe 1983). Byzantine rulers, however, antagonized When the Muslim forces entered Medina in 622 C.E., many citizens of the city were Jewish ( Hopfe 1983). Lastly, the Muslims may have been in contact with the Persian Zoroastrians though its influence may be not as strong compared to Christianity and Judaism. Pre-Islamic people worshipped a variety of gods. Apart from worshipping a pantheon of gods, pre-Islamic religion was also animistic in character. Spirits found in rocks, trees, and wells had to be revered at their sanctuaries and placated for assistance.

12. PROPHET MUHAMMAD The prophet Muhammad Ibn Abdullah, sometimes spelled Mohammed or Mohammad, was born in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, in 570 A.D. Life must have been very difficult for the young Muhammad. With no formal schooling, Muhammad worked as a caravan worker. Muhammad soon learned the various ways and means of their belief systems. He used to retreat to Mount Hira near Mecca in search of truth about God.

13. PROPHET MUHAMMAD Muhammad later married an older wealthy widow named Khadija, fifteen years his senior. Around the year 610 C.E., Muhammad began hearing the voice of God in a cave on the summit of Mount Hira. He was preaching a new order built upon God’s will and human submission to this belief. Muhammad and his radical view of submission to one god as one major threat to the long established tradition and absoluteness of tribal authority.

14. PROPHET MUHAMMAD The radical teachings of Muhammad angered local tribes so they began persecuting him and his loyal followers. In 622 C.E., Muhammad and his group moved to Medina (then known as Yathrib , 200 miles north of Mecca) to escape persecution from the Meccans. Muhammad restored peace and order in Medina. Shortly after his arrival in 622 C.E, he united the Medinian tribes under one constitution. M uhammad and his followers waged a constant battle against Meccan tribes until 630 C.E.

15. PROPHET MUHAMMAD In 632 C.E., Muhammad died at the age of 62 but his newly founded religion had spread across the entire Arabian Peninsula and the Muslims had been united as one religious community.

16. PROPHET MUHAMMAD The prophet Muhammad Ibn Abdullah, sometimes spelled Mohammed or Mohammad, was born in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, in 570 A.D. He was the final prophet sent by God to reveal their faith to mankind. According to Islamic texts and tradition, an angel named Gabriel visited Muhammad in 610 A.D. while he was meditating in a cave. The angel ordered Muhammad to recite the words of Allah.

17. PROPHET MUHAMMAD Muhammad believed that he was chosen by God as messenger Starting in about 613, Muhammad began preaching throughout Mecca the messages he received.

18. Hijra In 622, Muhammad traveled from Mecca to Medina with his supporters. This journey became known as the Hijra (also spelled Hegira or Hijrah), and marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar. Muhammad and his many followers returned to Mecca and conquered the region. He continued to preach until his death in 632.

19. QUR’AN HADITH SACRED SCRIPTURE

20. It has a literally means “the recitation or reading.” revealed word of God and the primary source of every Muslim’s faith and practice . Foundation of Islam religion It is the supreme authority in all matters of faith, theology, and law ( Parrinder 1971). Q ur’an

21. Sura Al-Fatiha The first chapter of the Qur’an. Its verses constitute the prayer for God’s guidance and stress the Lordship and Mercy of Allah.

22. Hadith the collection of the deeds and sayings of Muhammad and his followers (“traditional reports or sayings”) and is the second source of shari’a law ( Horrie & Chippindale 2003). The various rituals and obligations embedded in the so-called “Five Pillars of Islam” as well as majority of criminal laws originate from the hadiths ( Horrie & Chippindale 2003).

23. BELIEFS AND DOCTRINES …………………… Islamic religious laws cover the daily life of all Muslims—from education, dress, marriage, sexual relations, justice, punishments, economics, diet, and even rules of hospitality. While Islam’s approach to life and death, origins of the universe, and the nature of mankind is simple, it is also rigid and uncompromising ( Horrie & Chippindale 2003).

24. BELIEFS AND DOCTRINES …………………… There is only one compassionate, everlasting, and omnipotent God, being the lord of everything in existence, including humans. Around eight thousand years ago, God created the universe and may terminate it when he wills it so. A “Day of Judgment” shall ensue wherein all humankind will be resurrected and individually accounted for. Everyone will be fully awakened and raised to a higher spiritual life (Aziz 1193). Based on their own deeds and fully aware of the effects of these deeds in this life, everyone will then be sent to either paradise or hell for perpetuity (Aziz 1993; Horrie & Chippindale 2003).

25. FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM ………………. The basic obligations of Muslims are called the Five Pillars of Islam or arkan al-din. Muslims believe and accept the entirety of these obligations that must be strictly observed to avoid being sent to hell on the “Day of Judgment.” The Five Pillars give structure and unity to all believers of Islam.

26. Hajj : to make a pilgrimage to Mecca It is occurs during the Islamic month of Dhu al-Hijjah to the city of Mecca. Upon completion of the pilgrimage, a Muslim is called a hajj or hajja meaning “one who made pilgrimage to Mecca.

27. WORSHIP AND OBSERVANCE

28. Ramadan for the year 2025 starts on the evening of Friday, February 28th lasting 30 days and ending at sundown on Saturday, March 29. Islamic holidays always begin at sundown and end at sundown the following day/days ending the holiday or festival. Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar.

29. Eid al-Adha : 'feast of the sacrifice’ Eid al-Adha for the year 2025 is celebrated/ observed on  sundown of Friday, June 6th ending at sundown on Saturday, June 7th.

30. Eid al-Fitr: 'festival of the breaking of the fast’ Eid al-Fitr for the year 2025 is celebrated/ observed on sundown of Sunday, March 30th ending at sundown on Monday, March 31st.

31. PRACTITIONERS Islam is composed of three denominations: Sunni, Shia, and Sufi Muslims. One of the major differences between Sunni and Shia Muslims was and how the successors to Muhammad would be determined. The third movement in Islam is “Sufi”

32. SUNNI MUSLIMS Also known as “Ahl as-Sunnah” or “people of the tradition of Muhammad” the largest denominations, around 87%-89% of the entirety of Islam beleivers. The Sunnis (“Followers of the Smooth Path”) Traditionalist and are considered the orthodox of Islam. Believe that any Muslim can be ruler. They believe that the first four caliphs namely: Abu Bakr, Umar Uthman , and Ali were the rightful successors to Muhammad.

33. Shia Muslims Shia Muslims constitute around 10-20% of the believers of Islam and are considered as the second largest denominations. Shia Mulsims believe that the prophet Muhammad appointed Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor. Shia Muslims believe that a Mahdi (Twelfth Imam) will come to destroy the faithless and to restore the faithful and to protect the message of Muhammad.

34. SUFI MUSLIMS Muslims whose concern mainly dwell for a mystical union with God. Sufism believe in the “spiritual” aspect of Islam, strive to experience the divine Sufis find divine love and knowledge through direct personal experience of Allah.

35. Three Major Sects of Islam Religion Description Differences Similarities Sunni Shi’a Sufi

36. SELECTED ISSUES ON ISLAM GENDER INEQUALITY MILITANT ISLAM MIGRATION

37. GENDER INEQUALITY Refers to the unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender.

38. Militant Islam Muslims groups or individuals who use “particular interpretations of the Qu’ran and Hadith” to justify violent acts to pursue Islamic goals.

39. Migration Hijra as a religious terminology which means “to move from a non-Muslim place of abode to a place where there is a presence of Islam. Muslims migration is not only an act of transferring from one location to next but an event that has repercussion to their Islamic faith.