Isosopora belli

parasitology

1. Isospora belli ( Cystoisospora belli ) Student Name and ID number Waad Aldosary , 442203625 Amani Alsharidah, 441203711 Applied Entomology and Parasitology Zoo 611

2. Outlines 2.Geographic Distrbtion 4.Morphology 1.Introduction 3.Ebidermiology 5.Symtomps 6.Diagnosis 7.Pathway 8.Treatment

3. 1- Introduction Cystoisospora belli (formerly known as Isospora belli) is a gastrointestinal protozoan in the Phylum Apicomplexa. This group of parasites are referred to as coccidia. Oocytes of Isospora belli showing Asporulated oocytes containing two sporocytes, each of which contains 4 sporozoites (left) And acryospora-like oocytes containing sparozoites enclosed in a single sporocyst (right)

4. 1- Introduction The Apicomplexa constitute a large protozoan phylum of obligate eukaryotic intracellular parasites responsible for many serious diseases of humans, domestic animals and, making these parasites economically important for medical research.

5. 1- Introduction In patients with AIDS and other immunodeficiencies, it is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause watery diarrhea and weight loss.

6. Iso spora belli ISOS - Greek Identical Sporos Cysts Latin – Bellum Belli

7. 2- Geographic distribution Geographical distribution of Cystoisosporiasis is Worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical areas. Such as Haiti, Mexico, Brazil and southeast Asia.

8.   3- Epidemiology  Several hundred million humans become infected; the symptoms are called traveller’s disease.

9.   3- Epidemiology  Immunocompetent patients with Isosporiasis , infants and young children seem to have more severe manifestations than in adults. Chronic diarrheal symptoms by I. belli infections have been reported in adults without concurrent immunosuppression. The gastrointestinal symptoms of patients with isosporiasis usually subside within a few days after initiation of treatment.

10.  3- Epidemiology    It is note that infection with I. belli usually produces more aggressive and prolonged period of symptoms in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) than in immunocompetent individuals. هذه الصورة بواسطة كاتب غير معروف مرخصة بالاسم CC BY-SA

11. 4- Morphology Coccidian species belongs to the phylum Apicomplexa (Sporozoa) and is characterized by a life cycle comprising of: Asexual generations (schizogony, sporogony) and Sexual phase (gamogony).

12. 4- Morphology  The sexual phase runs inside vacuoles of epithelial cells of the human small intestine. All developments occur inside the host cell within a so-called parasitophorous vacuole .

13. 4- Morphology  The oocyst is formed after the fusion of a motile male gamete (microgamete) with a large, nonmotile female (macrogamete) . The zygote develops a double-layered wall and thus becomes oocyst, which measures 25–35 x 18–20 μm in size.

14. 4- Morphology Inside these oocysts two sporocysts containing each four sporozoites are developed within about 3 days after the oocysts had been excreted within feces. In contrast to the oocysts of other species, those of Isospora belli are long ovoid.

15. In the case of sufficient humidity , these oocysts remain infectious for at least 1 year and also survive temperatures close to the freezing point.

16. Life cycle

17.  5- Symptoms of the coccidiosis Infections and symptoms may occur 2 days after infectious oocysts are ingested during the ongoing phase of schizogony, leading to the destruction of intestinal epithelial cells of the host. Fluid diarrheas. Vomiting.

18.   5- Symptoms of the coccidiosis In the case of HIV patients, symptoms may become life threatening, the parasites were not only found in the intestinal epithelial cells but also in lymph nodes far from the intestine. هذه الصورة بواسطة كاتب غير معروف مرخصة بالاسم CC BY-SA

19. 6- Diagnosis The oocysts can be diagnosed in the feces . In fresh stools they are unsporulated. In Older stools they appear sporulated containing two sporocyst each with four sporozoites. In cases of detected blood eosinophilia , feces should be investigated, since the agents of traveller’s disease may also induce this symptom.

20. 7- Pathway of infection Oral by ingestion of infections with oocysts contaminated food or drinking water. Prophylaxis: Avoiding contact to human feces or uncooked contaminated drinking water.

21. Important terms Incubation period : Period between infection day and the first clinical symptoms. Prepatent period: Period to reach maturity  Patency:  The following period until the end of the production of transmittable stages.

22. 7- Pathway of infection Incubation period : 2–13 days, which correspond with the asexual phase in the intestine. Prepatent period: 7–9 days. Patency: 2 weeks up to 1–2 years (in the case of HIV patients).

23. 8- Treatment  In the case of immunocompetent persons , the disease runs mostly self-limiting . However, cases of weak (children ), symptoms of disease may become chronic.  The gastrointestinal symptoms of patients with isosporiasis usually subside within a few days after initiation of treatment with combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole .

24. Video  

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26. Referances https://www.omicsonline.org/singapore/cystoisosporiasis-peer-reviewed-pdf-ppt-articles/ https://www.uptodate.com/contents/epidemiology-clinical-manifestations-and-diagnosis-of-cystoisospora-isospora-infections#H27632855 https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/05a1/04e4fa4a8270a835616f10075a1b2eeb870c.pdf?_ga=2.228953116.1202837638.1633165606-1618893723.1633165606 HUMAN PARASITOLOGY,FOURTH EDITION,BURTON J. BOGITSH,PHD CLINT E. CARTER,PHD, THOMAS N. OELTMANN,PHD