ISSUES AND IMPLICATIONS OF URBANIZATION

MPA 213 Issues and Implications of Urbanization

1. Crowded Tokyo Street With more than 40 million residents, Tokyo, Japan, is a megacity. Another effect of urbanization is urban sprawl. PHOTOGRAPH BY POLA DAMONTE VIA GETTY IMAGES ISSUES AND IMPLICATIONS OF URBANIZATION : SOCIO ECONOMIC, POLITICO-ADMINISTRATIVE, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SPATIAL, ETC.

2. WHAT IS URBANIZATION? Urbanization is the process through which cities grow, and higher and higher percentages of the population comes to live in the city.

3. WHAT IS URBANIZATION ? The world population has grown significantly, and our economies have become more industrialized over the past few hundred years, and as a result many more people have moved into cities. This process is known as urbanization.

4. Nearly half of all people now live in urban areas. They are attracted by jobs in manufacturing and the professions, as well as by increased opportunities for education and entertainment.

5. THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF URBANIZATION Developing countries are experiencing a rapid growth in the urbanization. As a result of these, countries are faced with shortage of jobs. Unemployment rates rise as a result of causing people to apply for government-funded programs and benefits. "Businesses and governments cannot produce enough jobs to meet the demand of a fast-growing population" in developing countries.

6. The problems associated with urbanization are: High population density inadequate infrastructure lack of affordable housing flooding pollution slum creation crime congestion and poverty

7. ISSUES AND IMPLICATIONS OF URBANIZATION: POLITICO-ADMINISTRATIVE Developing countries in the Twenty-first Century is experiencing rapid urbanization with a high concentration of people in the urban areas while the population of people in the rural areas is decreasing due to the rise in rural-urban push which has adverse consequences on the economic and political development of developing countries.

8. These problems stem from the lack of good governance, high rate of corruption and the misappropriation of state resources through diverse economic liberalizing reforms and development strategies. Thus, this affirms that urbanization is a process that requires objective management and institutional role differentiations and performance to create the organizational synergy, moderation and frugality necessary for the equitable distribution of the common wealth for the greatest good of all people not only in the urban areas but also in the rural areas which invariably will bring about political and economic development in cities, and reduce the high incidences of poverty, insurgency and food crisis.

9. Sustainable development of urban areas requires integration and coordination, and investment to tackle land-use issues, food security, employment creation, transportation infrastructure development, biodiversity conservation, water conservation, renewable energy sourcing, waste and recycling management, and the provision of education, health care and housing.

10. Innovative strategies and investments are needed to promote sustainable development, including in the world’s cities . Among these, changes to prices of goods and services to more closely reflect scarcity now and in the future, and to encourage consumers and producers to switch to less resource-intensive renewable products.

11. URBAN THREATS Intensive urban growth can lead to greater poverty, with local governments unable to provide services for all people. Concentrated energy use leads to greater air pollution with significant impact on human health. Automobile exhaust produces elevated lead levels in urban air. Large volumes of uncollected waste create multiple health hazards. Urban development can magnify the risk of environmental hazards such as flash flooding. Pollution and physical barriers to root growth promote loss of urban tree cover. Animal populations are inhibited by toxic substances, vehicles, and the loss of habitat and food sources.

12. SOLUTIONS Combat poverty by promoting economic development and job creation. Involve local community in local government. Reduce air pollution by upgrading energy use and alternative transport systems. Create private-public partnerships to provide services such as waste disposal and housing. Plant trees and incorporate the care of city green spaces as a key element in urban planning.

13. SOURCES/REFERENCES National Geographic (https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/urbanization) American Psychological Association (https://www.apa.org/topics/socioeconomic-status) Linkedin(https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/urbanization-problems-developing-countries-golfer-okorie) United Nations (https://www.un.org/en/chronicle/article/addressing-sustainable-urbanization-challenge) https://ourworld.unu.edu/en/urbanization-threatens-sustainable-development

14. THANK YOU

15. MPA 213 MANAGEMENT OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT PRESENTED BY: JAINABELLA C. SALVADOR