issues on human development

issues on human development

1. TOPIC 3: ISSUES ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT I TOPIC 3.1 :DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY ISSUES AND DEBATES TOPIC 3.2 :NATURE VS. NURTURE

2. PRESENTORS: GUBALLA, Micheal John O. HIGAYON , Kurt Briant p. JAVIER,Jireh Mae M. KILLAPOS, Melfrin

3. OBJECTIVES: Definition of the human development 01 Know the issues and debates of developmental psychology 02 Explain every issues of development with regards of human development. 03 Justify and advocate the issues of human development. 04

4. Is the pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and continues through the lifespan. Includes growth and decline. Development can be positive or negative. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

5. Developmntal psycological issues and debates Nature vs. Nurture Continuity vs. Discontinuity Early vs. Later experiences Stability vs. Changes Portfolio Designed

6. Nature vs. Nurture v s STRENGTHS THREATS WEAKNESS OPPORTUNITIES Nature Genetics , physical appearance and biological influences. Supporters of this view are known as heriditarian or nativist. Nurture Environment upbringing and social influences. Supporters of this view is known as empiricists.

7. Examples of nature – nurture debate in psychology Perception Language Cognitive development

8. Psychological approaches and the nature – nurture debates Psychodynamic approach Biological approach Behavioural approach Cognitive approach Evolutionary approach Humanistic aproach

9. Supporting approaches and perspective Supporting nature physiological Social (e.g., helping behavior Behavioral developmental Individual differences Supporting nurture

10. Continuity – emphasizes the development and changes which occur gradually in an individual, mostly a continuing development like a growing starfish. Discontinuity – the change is abrupt and a step-like development occur in an individual . A development with stages like the analogy of a butterfly. Continuity vs. Discontinuity

11. Competing theories of continuity vs. discontinuity Developmental psychology that attempt to explain how people change though the course of their lives change Development Understanding 40 % 30 % 20 % 10 % Continuity theory Discontinuity theory Continuity theory – says that someone throughout their life along a smooth course Discontinuity theory – says that people change abruptly.

12. Early vs. Later Experiences Focuses on the degree in which determines the child s development throughout its early experiences and be solve though later experiences. Gives guidance for helping an individual s development by tracing its origin and psychological quality. Experience throughout infancy. EARLY EXPERIENCE Considered to be giving large impact of an individuals development. Key factor of overcoming early traumatic experiences that burden an individuals development. Key determinant of an individual s development. LATE EXPERIENCE

13. STABILITY Change Implies personality traits present during infancy endure throughout the life span. Modified by interactions with family, peers and acculturation. DEVELOPMENTAL STABILITY Stability vs. Change - ability of organism buffer its development against genetic or environmental distribution encounter during development to produce genetically predetermined phenotype. ( Waddington , 1942 )

14. Developmental Change Brain function Behaviour Example Text : Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed. Environmental factor Example Text : Get a modern PowerPoint Presentation that is beautifully designed. Gene expression The process of change occur in human beings throughout development . Cognitive process All evolve in cross level interactions and are characterized as dynamic developmental change overtime. Both interpreted to each other over given time scale.

15. Stability vs. Change in developmental psychology Stability – idea that personality traits remain stable of a person over time. Change – idea that a personality can shift overtime as a result of life experiences. In developmental theory : - in this theory that certain personality certain personality traits remain regardless of a persons development.

16. A life long process of; Physical Behavioural Cognitive Emotional growth Human development change From the early stages of life ; from baby hood-child hood-adolescence –adulthood –enormous change take place.

17. Nature vs. Nurture . NATURE NURTURE Influence of external factor ,product ,experience and learnings. Pre-wiring and influences by genetics inheritance or other biological factor.

18. Nature vs. Nurture Personality Cognitive traits temparant psychology Concerned with the relative Contribution of that both influence make to human behaviour.

19. Approaches to psychology Nature - Nurture BIOLOICAL APPROACH Genetic ,hormonal and neurochemical explanation of behaviour PSYCHOANALYSIS Nature – innate drives of sex and aggression. Nurture – social upbringing in early age . COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY Innate mental structures such as schemas , perception , memory and constant change form environment. HUMANISM Maslow emphasized basic needs society influences. BEHAVIOURISM Learn from environment through conditioning

20. Nativism Certain physical characteristics are biologically determined by genetic inheritance. Simple PowerPoint Presentation 30% Empiricism Assumption ,at birth human mind is a tabula rasa and is gradually filled as result of experiences. Extreme Nature Position Extreme Nurture Position

21. Behavioural genetics Variation in behaviour as it is affected by genes. Heredity units pass down to offspring from parents. Able to quantify the nature and nurture of psychological traits.

22. Based on environmentalist Differences are due to inbuilt biases methods Differences of intellectual ability are product of social inequalities. 35% Does not apply debate but is equally relevant to psychology of sex and gender. 90%

23. Genetic factors were mainly responsible even going so far as to suggested that intelligence is 80% inherited. Mainly due to logical and empirical weaknesses. More social and political implications that often drawn to demonstrate natural inequalities between social groups. Jenson 1969 Implications

24. Demonstrate that multiple genes collectively contribute on specific behaviours. Apposed to being determined by a single gene. Polygenetic inheritance

25. Assumption Debates Nature Vs. Nurture Modify and create environments correlate with their genetic disposition. Environmental effects to large extent really reflect to genetic differences. ( Plomin & Bergeman , 1991) Assumes that correlation between environmental factors and psychological outcomes caused environmentally.

26. Interaction affects -Assumes the psychological traits can all be expressed numerically and that issue can be resolve in quantitative manner. -Nature and culture in a host of qualitatively different ways.( Johnston & edwards , 2002)

27. Nature and Nurture The differences of human development is always related to both factor of genetic and experience that make every evidences prove their points.

28. References : McLeod, S. A. (2018, December 20).  Nature vs nurture in psychology . Simply Psychology. www.simplypsychology.org / naturevsnurture.html https://study.com/learn/lesson/continuity-vs-discontinuity-human-development.html McLeod, S.A. (2017). Developmental Psychology. https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/applied-and-social-sciences-magazines/stability-psychological Guedes , J., Melo , S. (2019). Continuity Theory. In: Gu , D., Dupre , M. ( eds ) Encyclopedia of Gerontology and Population Aging. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69892-2_749-1 Front. Psychol., 10 October 2017 Sec. Developmental Psychology https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01774 Golenia L, Schoemaker MM, Otten E, Mouton LJ and Bongers RM (2017) What the Dynamic Systems Approach Can Offer for Understanding Development: An Example of Mid-childhood Reaching.  Front. Psychol.  8:1774. doi : 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01774 Clarke, G. The genetic basis of developmental stability. IV. Individual and population asymmetry parameters.  Heredity   80 , 553–561 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2540.1998.00326.x