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1. Common Programming Format and Procedure
1.Start-up or preliminary blocks.
Ex: G90 (absolute positioning), G20 (inch mode), G40 (cancel cutter
diameter compensation).
2.Workpiece coordinate setting (part zero).
The method of setting the part zero (varies for each controller):
using the zero set or zero shift button on the controller (no NC
command is needed).
using G-codes (e.g., G92 & G54 – G59).
3.Tool call (tool change) – possibly with tool length offset.
4.Spindle speed control.
5.Tool motion blocks – the main body of the program.
Repeat 3, 4, 5 as necessary.
6.Home return – avoid running into the fixture or part.
7.Program end blocks.

2. Rapid Positioning
Rapid Positioning command G00 – for tool positioning.
It moves the tool along a straight-line path from the initial (current) position
to the final position at the maximum feedrate.
General Syntax: G00 Xn Yn Zn
Note:(1) Be careful not to run into the machine table, fixture, part, etc.
(2) Xn Yn Zn specify the coordinates of the cutter center at the tip.

3. Linear Interpolation
Linear Interpolation command G01 – for cutting.
It moves the tool along a straight-line path from the initial (current) position
to the final position at a programmed feedrate.
General Syntax: G01 Xn Yn Zn Fn
Note:(1)The cutter must be tangent to the line it cuts (calculating cutter
offset is needed).
(2) Xn Yn Zn specify the coordinates of the cutter center at the tip.

4. Ex: Machine a rectangular block 3”  2”  0.5”. X0 & Y0 at lower left-
hand corner. Z0 at top of the part. Cutter ½” end mill. Blank in irregular
shape.
O0001
N0010 G20 G90
N0020 G92 X-10.2 Y11.6 Z7.6 (not using tool length offset)
N0030 T01 M06
N0040 M03 S800
N0050 G00 X-.5 Y-.5
N0060 G00 Z.25
N0070 G01 Z-.55 F5.0
N0080 G01 X-.25 Y-.25
N0090 Y2.25
N0100 X3.25
N0110 Y-.25
N0120 X-.5
N0130 Z.25
Linear Interpolation
N0140 G00 Z1.0
N0150 M05
N0160 G28
N0170 M30
X=-0.5
Y=-0.5
Z=.25
Y
X
Z
X=M.HOME
Y=M.HOME
Z=M.HOME
X=-0.5
Y=-0.5
Z=-0.55
X=-0.5
Y=-0.5
Z=M.HOME
X=-0.25
Y=-0.25
Z=-0.55
X=-0.25
Y=2.25
Z=-0.55
X=3.25
Y=2.25
Z=-0.55
X=3.25
Y=-0.25
Z=-0.55
X=-0.5
Y=-0.25
Z=-0.55
X=-0.5
Y=-0.25
Z=.25
X=-0.5
Y=-0.25
Z=1.0

5. Circular Interpolation
Circular Interpolation commands G02 & G03 – for cutting a circular contour.
It moves the tool along a circular path from the initial (current) position to the
final position at a programmed feedrate.
Note:(1) Circular interpolation is executed on a plane. Plane selection
(modal commands): G17 – XY (default), G18 – XZ, G19 – YZ.
(2) Tool motion direction: G02 – clockwise; G03 – counterclockwise.
(3) Absolute or Incremental coordinates are being used.
General Syntax: G02 (G03) Xn Yn (Zn) In Jn (Kn) (Fn)

6. Circular Interpolation
Example:
N010 G90 (Absolute)
N020 G17 (XY Plane)
N040 G01 X3.0 Y.25 F10.0
N040 G02 X4.125 Y-3.9486 I0. J-2.25
Calculation:
End Position:
X=3+2.25cos(60)
Y=-2-2.25sin(60)
I and J: (center-initial)
I=3-3
J=-2-0.25
Y
X
2
3
X
Y
60
R 2
J
Initial position of ½” tool
End
position

7. Circular Interpolation
Circular Interpolation via Radius Specification – coding the radius (R) of the
circular arc instead of I, J, and K.
General Syntax: G02 (G03) Xn Yn (Zn) Rn (Fn)
Questions:
What happens if an R word and a set of I and J words (for the XY plane) are
both given in the same circular interpolation command block?
Can R word be used to machine full circles?