ITK ppt

INDIGENOUS TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE
OF ORGANIC FARMING

1. WELCOME INDIGENOUS TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE OF ORGANIC FARMING

2. Submitted to:- Dr. G.S.Patel Associate Professor College of Horticulture SDAU, Jagudan Submitted by:- Thakar Chirag J. M.Sc.Horticulture

3. What is ITK? Indigenous technical/traditional knowledge in a community, local and rural in origin. The source of ITK is our ancestors who learned techniques from their past experiences and experiments. These varies from place to place, and knowledge spreads through folk songs, stories & scriptures etc.

4. WHY ITK IN ORGANIC FARMING? Has great role and scope. Avoidance of synthetic chemicals & keep soil alive. Stress on sustainability. Offers potential to accomplish organic agriculture

5. ITK IN ORGANIC FARMING There are many practices of ITK out of which some are discussed here : PRE-SOWING PRACTICES SOIL AND WATER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES PEST AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT POST-HARVEST MANAGEMENT

6. ITK in Good Germination Radish seeds are soaked overnight in butter milk before sowing. Cucurbits seeds are kept embedded in fresh cow dung ‘ball 'which are then buried deep in soil for better germination.

7. In desert areas ,chickpea is sown behind camel drawn ploughs in sand dunes areas. Cut end of sugarcane setts are plastered with a mixture of honey, ghee, the fat of hogs and cow dung.

8. Weed management by I.T.K Apply the Neem seeds @ 40 kg / ac as basal to get more yield as compared to the equal quantity of Neem cake. to control weed growth. Cultivation of sun hemp or daincha helps to control the nut grass ( Cyperus rotundus ) weed.

9. Crop growth promoter 5% fermented coconut milk solution(1lit in 20lit of water mix and use as Growth promoter Goat dung- 5kg, Goat urine- 5lit , Goat milk- 2 lit , Goat curd- 2 lit, (Cow)Ghee -1lit , Sugarcane juice- 2lit, Banana -10 nos , Tender coconut water-2 lit , Toddy – 2 lit/ yeast -800g, Jaggery – 800g, water- 5 lit. Mix and use after 20 days as growth promoter.

10. Mulching Tree leaves( karanj -pongamia ponnata ) and paddy straw are used as mulch materials .This conservs the soil moisture and simultaneously keeps the soil cool which provides favourable conditions These mulches act as organic matter to enhance the crop. effective for weed management.

11. ITK & Different Cultivation Practices

12. Jhum cultivation/Slash & Burn cultivation/Shifting cultivation. well suited to the heavy rainfall areas of the north east India. the trees are slashed & burned and the seeds are sown only after the 1st rainfall. After cultivating for 2 - 3 years, fields go into fallow. Then, the farmer moves on to the next plot or forest area to protect the soil and allow for build up of nutrients. soil erosion is controlled and fertility maintained by constructing contour bunds often May reduce the incidence of soil born diseases.

13. Terrace or Bund cultivation Practiced in valleys and foot hills. Bench terraces are made across the slope. The vertical interval is not more than 1m. This helps to maintain soil erosion and retaining rain water in the slopes and depositing runoff to the foothills. Widely grown crops are rice and turmeric. Jaintia hills, the small village of Nongbah , (Meghalaya) India.

14. ITK and Soil Fertility Management In Madhya pradesh , soil fertility is renewed by using made up of cow dung, sheep, goat, and camel feacal pellets, Wood ash, Animal urine, Growing nitrogen fixing leguminous crops intermixed/ intercropped with cereals/oilseeds, Allowing certain local weeds and xerophytic plants viz. bui ( Kochia indica ), fog ( Ca lligonum polygonoids ), kheinp ( Crotolaria burhia ), bordi ( Zizyphus manuritiana ) to grow undisturbed maintaining adequate khejri ( Prosopis cineraria ) tree population in the field.

15. Pest & Disease Management in ITK TULSI :- Control the Blast of rice Control of insect in sapota , guava. METHI :- Control of insect of okra eg . Fruit borer. KAROSENE OIL :- To control of ant in climber To control of Termite.

16. CASTOR OIL :- Control of white fly in cotton stored- grain pest control in pigeon pea . CHILLIES :- Dry chilli smoke for rat control of wheat.

17. Cont… MADAR ( Calotropis gigantia ) :- Used to prevent attack of thrips in paddy nursery Control of insect pest in ginger, cotton. LEMON :- Control of hairy caterpillar Aphid control in cotton. ONION :-Use for pest & disease control in maize Pest control in sugarcane.

18. Cont… GUR OR SUGAR :- Control of insect in cotton Control of pod borer in pegion pea. SALT :- Control of wilt in pegion pea Control of khaira disease in paddy. NEEM :- Neem cake use for termite control Control of aphids in mustard by neem twings .

19. ITK AND POST HARVEST MANAGEMENT DRYING It is the traditional method for reducing the moisture content of grain. Method of sun drying are 1.Field drying 2.Panicle drying 3.Drying on mat 4.Pavement drying

20. Storage Traditional storage methods are 1. In gunny bag a. Storage of red gram with common salt in gunny bag. b .Storage of grain using camphor in gunny bag. c . Storage of ragi with neem leaf in gunny bag.

21. Cont… 2. MUD BIN STORAGE example. Storage of grain. 3.WOODEN BOX STORAGE Example. Storage of vegetable seeds with cow dung storage of paddy.

22. Panchagavya Composition : Ghee, milk, curd, cow dung and cow’s urine Application: 3% i.e. 3 kg in 100 lit of water is the best dose for application. In acre of land 6 lit panchagavya will be applied. provides nutrient to plant. gives resistance of plant to insect pest.

23. Conclusion It may be concluded that ITK based practices offers its potential to accomplish organic agriculture where biological methods are adopted for farming, keeping away off-farm inputs. Indigenous techniques used in different components of farming system are mostly organic, eco-friendly, sustainable, viable and cost effective.

24. ITK based practices will help to furthering the concept of bio dynamics and natural farming where the soil-health building process is left to the nature, as the inputs for ITK are drawn from the products of soil and are returned to the soil in the form of compost or manure or soil and plant health-protecting agents.

25. References I.C.A.R., New Delhi, Handbook of Agriculture, pg 1418,1420,1433. • Rainwater_harvesting_CBSE.pdf • Hand book of organic farming,A K Sharma • http://www.niscair.res.in

26. THANK YOU…