Izzatullahtareen.Laser matter interaction

This is about laser matter interaction.

1. Health risk assessment of Radioactivity Concentration in Soil near lakes in balochistan. By: Izatullah (CMS ID: 37731) Supervised by: Dr. Jalil ur Rehman Co-Supervisor: Dr. Nisar Khattak Department of Physics, BUITEMS, Quetta .

2. Contents INTRODUCTION METHODOLOGY LITERATURE REVIEW EXPECTED CONCLUSION AIMS AND OBJECTIVES FUTURE WORK

3. INTRODUCTION

4. LAKES (1)

5. SOIL Types of soil (2)

6. NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY ARTIFICIAL RADIOACTIVITY (3)

7. (4)

8. Radioactive elements Elements which have atomic number greater than 82 are radioactive . URANIUM RADIUM THORIUM 6

9. Heavy metals Metals with relatively high densities, atomic weight and atomic numbers. are known as heavy metals (7)

10. Steps of methodology: Sampling of soil. Drying of samples. Preserve samples for one month. Gama spectroscopy. Atomic absorption spectroscopy.

11. High purity germanium detector (8)

12. Working principle

13. N A = Net area under peak. t =time in sec . B g = N umber of counts for background spectrum έ =absolute efficiency of detector. P ꝩ=probability of gamma ray energy. M =mass of sample. Calculation

14. Atomic absorption spectrometer. (9)

15. Working Principle :

16. LITERATURE REVIEW

17. Who permissible radiological values IN SOIL: Activity Unit median value Alpha Bq/kg 0.1 Bq/kg Beta Bq/kg 1 Bq/kg

18. WHO PERMISSIBLE VALUES OF HEAVY METALS IN SOIL: METALS UNIT MEDIAN VALUE ARSENIC mg/kg 0.01 BARIUM mg/kg 0.7 BORON mg/kg 1 CADMIUM mg/kg 0.005 (10)

19. If the obtained experimental values are greater than the values released by WHO then the soil will be hazardous for human health, Directly or indirectly. Direct effect: By visiting lake sides humans get radiation dose. Indirect effect: Food planted in that area and flesh of animals which eat herbs from that area are hazardous to human health. If the obtained experimental values match the values given by WHO then the soil is considered as safe.

20. Direct effect indirect effect

21. Expected Conclusion

22. If the concentrations of heavy metals and radionuclides exceed the WHO permissible levels, then the farmers should not use the water coming from lakes and the soil that contain the higher concentration of heavy metals and radionuclides.

23. Aims And Objectives

24. To evaluate the level of gross alpha and gross beta activity concentrations in soil near the lakes. To evaluate the activity of U-238, Th-232, Ra-226 and K-40 and other associated risk indices in the soil. To estimate the age dependent committed effective doses resulting from direct interaction with soil. To determine the concentration of radioactive elements and heavy metals in sediments and the bioconcentration factors of some hazardous water contaminants in some aquatic species in the area.

25. FUTURE WORK

26. In order to assess the concentration of activity and heavy metals in the soils near the lakes I will. Collect samples of soil near the lakes of Pishin in January (2020) Take them to NCP for atomic absorption spectroscopy and gamma spectroscopy in February(2020) Compare the resultant values of activity concentration and heavy metals with the WHO permissible values. I will write thesis on the basis of obtained results in march(2020) Publish them from international journal.

27. REFERENCES 7) https://unsplash.com/s/photos/heavy-metal 8) https://www.ortec-online.com/products/radiation-detectors/germanium-hpge-radiation-detectors 9)https://www.shutterstock.com/search/atomic+absorption+spectrophotometer 10)http://WWW.WHO /NGO.Health.com https://www.freepik.com/free-photos-/lakes https://unsplash.com/s/photos/soil https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/radioactivity http://www.radioactivity.eu.com/site/pages/Natural_Radioactivity.htm https://www.shutterstock.com/search/artificial+radioactivity?image_type=photo&search_source=base_related_searches