japanese management .pptx

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1. 9 PRACTICES IN JAPANESE MANAGEMENT Theories and Practices in Educational Management

2. JAPANESE MANAGEMENT a set of management principles and practices that have traditionally been associated with Japanese companies

3. SENIORITY-BASED PROMOTION AND WAGES ( nenkō joretsu ) CONSENSUS DECISION-MAKING ( ringi system) QUALITY CIRCLES LIFETIME EMPLOYMENT ( nenko system) CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT (kaizen) JUST-IN-TIME INVENTORY MANAGEMENT TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (TQM) COMPANY UNIONS LONG-TERM PLANNING AND STRATEGIC THINKING 9 PRACTICES IN JAPANESE MANAGEMENT

4. 1. LIFETIME EMPLOYMENT ( nenko system) Refers to recruitment of employees immediately upon graduation generation of employment until retirement, and mandatory retirement.

5. 2. SENIORITY-BASED PROMOTION AND WAGES ( nenkō joretsu )  Implies that an employee’s age and number of years in service are the two determining factors of their wage.

6. 3. CONSENSUS DECISION-MAKING ( ringi system) The system requires the low-level managers to discuss ideas among themselves before discussing them with the higher managers. The higher managers are then required to discuss among themselves until they reach a consensus. The process continues to the highest managers who may choose to implement the policies discussed or not. Ringi’s decision-making allows quick implementation of policies as the people have already taken part in the decision-making.

7. 3. CONSENSUS DECISION-MAKING ( ringi system)  ” RIN” - signifies presenting a suggestion to one’s supervisor “ GI” - denotes consideration and judgment

8. 4. QUALITY CIRCLES refers to small groups of employees who voluntarily meet on a regular basis to identify, analyze, and solve work-related problems.

9. 5. CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT (kaizen) “Kai” means change “Zen” -means good

10. 5. CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT (kaizen) focuses on improvement and changing for the better. Continuous effort can be witnessed from the top-level management and all staff to ensure that the company achieves improvement in all the processes and the systems.

11. 5. CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT (KAIZEN) 5 Main Principles: Sorting Out Self discipline Standardization Shine Section

12. 6. JUST-IN-TIME INVENTORY MANAGEMENT is a production technique where raw materials, labour and goods are scheduled to arrive just when needed. The main reason for incorporating the just-in-time approach is to ensure that products are produced and dispatched in time. 

13. TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT (TQM) describes a management approach to long-term success through customer satisfaction. In a TQM effort, all members of an organization participate in improving processes, products, services, and the culture in which they work.

14. COMPANY UNIONS Company unions in Japan, also known as enterprise unions, are a unique feature of the Japanese industrial relations system. These unions are organized at the company level rather than the industry or national level, and their primary focus is on promoting the interests of the employees within a specific organization.

15. LONG-TERM PLANNING AND STRATEGIC THINKING Japanese companies are renowned for their ability to take a long-term view, often investing heavily in research and development, employee training, and infrastructure to lay the groundwork for sustained growth and competitiveness.