John Holland’s
Vocational
Choice Theory
Chris Cammarano
CDF Course
Spring, 2012
Background
One of the 5 “Trait-and-factor” theories.
Consists of 4 basic concepts
Identifies 6 personality types
An individual can be described by an
combination
4 Basic Concepts:
People can be a combination of 2 or more
types
Environments can be a combination
People seek out similar types of environments
Satisfaction/Productivity tied to a match
6 Personality Types
Their names and characteristics
Personality Type Descriptions
Likes …
Develops …
Prefers occupations/jobs …
Test to be …
Realistic (R)
… to work with tools, machines, animals
… mechanical, electrical skills*
… that involve building/repairing
… down-to-earth and practical
Investigative (I)
… engage in physical science activities
… math and science ability
… in the scientific and medical fields
… curious, studious and independent
Artistic (A)
… creative activities (free from routine)
… language, art, music, drama skills
… using creative talents
… creative and free thinking
Social (S)
… activities that involve
Informing, teaching, helping others
… ability to work with people
… jobs such as teaching, nursing
… helpful and friendly
Enterprising (E)
… activities that permit leading
… leadership ability, people skills
… involving sales or management
… ambitious, outgoing, energetic, self-
confident
Conventional (C)
… activities that require organizing info
… organizational, clerical skills
… involving record keeping, data entry
… responsible, dependable, detail-oriented
Individual’s Code
How is it identified?
3 Methods for Identifying a Code
Informal Assessments
Interest Inventories
Use of last three jobs held