Joints and movements

Joints and movements

1. Joints & Movements Dr Rishi Pokhrel Maj Assistant Professor NAIHS

2. Joint L ink between 2 or more bones or cartilages S upported and made stable by ligaments M ovement along joint is produced by muscles

3. Classification of joints Non-movable joints - Synarthroses Slightly movable joints - Amphiarthroses Freely movable joints – (synovial joints ) Diarthroses

4. Classification of joints Non -movable joints N o movement is allowed between bones D esigned to allow growth of body e.g. sutures allow growth of brain Types are Sutures Gomphosis Syndesmosis

5. Sutures: present between skull bones e.g. sagittal suture b/w 2 parietal bones, coronal sutures b/w frontal & parietal bones etc . Gomphosis : joints b/w jaw bones (Mandible & maxilla) and teeth. Periodontal ligaments hold these joints together . Syndesmosis : joints formed by fibrous band that hold 2 or more bones together. Interosseous membrane between radius and ulna or between tibia and fibula are syndesmosis.

6. Slightly movable joints Some degree of movements between bones. Example: Primary cartilaginous jt secondary cartilaginous joints symphysis pubis between 2 pubis bones, intervertebral discs between adjacent vertebrae manubriosternal joints.

7. Freely movable joints / Synovial joints A llow large range of movements A rticular surfaces covered by hyaline cartilage . Presence of joint cavity, synovial fluid, synovial membrane and joint capsule are features of these joints.

8. Classification of synovial joints Ball & socket joints most mobile among all joints Sphere in one bone fits into cavity of another bone. E.g . hip joint, shoulder joint Movements

9. Hinge joint: movement across these joints is in one axis, like hinge movement of door or window. E. g. elbow joint, knee joint etc.

10. Condylar joint oval shaped condyle fits into socket of another bone allowing movement in 1 axis with some rotational movement in another axis. E.g . temporomandibular

11. Plane joints: articular surfaces are flat and only minimal gliding movement is possible. E.g. inter-carpel and inter-tarsal joints.

12. Pivot joints: one bone is fixed and the other rotates around the fixed bone e.g. proximal & distal radioulnar joints.

13. Ellipsoid joints oval convex male surface fits into reciprocal concave female surface of adjoining bone Allows movements in 2 axes e.g. flexion-extension & adduction-abduction. E.g . wrist joint, metacarpo-phalangeal joints, atlanto-occipital joint etc.

14. Saddle joints Both articular surfaces are reciprocally concavo-convex e.g . 1 st metacarpo-phalangeal joint, sterno-clavicular joint etc.

15. MOVEMENTS ALLOWED BY SYNOVIAL JOINTS Three basic types of movement Gliding – One bone across the surface of another Angular movement – Movements change the angle between bones Rotation – Movement around a bone's long axis 17

16. GLIDING Flat surfaces of two bones glide across each other Gliding occurs between Carpals Articular processes of vertebrae Tarsals SK DEPT OF ANATOMY AFMC 18

17. ANGULAR MOVEMENT Flexion Extension Dorsiflexion & Plantar-flexion Abduction Adduction Circumduction SK DEPT OF ANATOMY AFMC 19

18. ANGULAR MOVEMENTS 20

19. ROTATION Turning of a bone around its own long axis Examples: Between C-1 & C-2 vertebrae Hip & shoulder joints 21

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