Joseph Lister

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1. Joseph Lister
This paper will explain the death and birth of Joseph Lister, the major contributions he made, his
educational background, and the inspiration for his work. In addition, this paper will include the
knowledge that the world possessed about the topic Joseph researched at the time, another scientist
who worked at the time of Lister, the awards Joseph Lister earned, and how the knowledge of the
topic Joseph discovered has changed since he worked on it.
To begin, Joseph Lister was born in 1827 in Essex, England (Science Museum Joseph Lister), and
he passed away in the year 1912 in Walmer, England (Bio). Throughout his childhood and teen years
Lister studied mathematics and natural science at Grove House School. While enrolled at the school
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In the late 18th century some doctors noticed that being dirty and lacking sanitation increased the
rate of infection. It would take 50 years for true progress to start being made in the antisepsis
technology as a result of Louis Pasteur's development of the germ theory. Following this Lister
invented a carbolic acid spray, which would be sprayed on wounds and pumped into the air
surrounding an operation. Following this many layers of bandages were put on the wounds. Carbolic
Acid and simply washing one's hands was the extent of antiseptics and sterilization at the time of
Joseph Lister ("Antiseptics"). Next, antiseptics and sterilization have improved greatly since the
times of Joseph Lister. Antibiotics have been developed that can combat infection from within the
body, and surgeries and operation have also become safer due to enhanced hygiene. A much larger
arsenal of antiseptics have additionally been developed such as hydrogen peroxide, boric acid,
iodine, and formaldehyde. Using heat to disinfect materials has also become extremely popular and
can be used to sterilize a wide variety of materials
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3. The Work Of Louis Pasteur
In the midst of the Industrial Revolution, one man provided the clarity needed to understand the
behavior of microbes and applied those principles to improve peoples' daily lives. This man, Louis
Pasteur, was from a poor family, and he was not expected to do anything significant in his life.
Nevertheless, he succeeded in his medical investigations and continued to pursue answers to his
questions, despite objections given to him by his peers. The timeless work of Louis Pasteur in the
areas of chemistry and microbiology provided the necessary foundation for the scientific study of
immunology and stressed the importance of possessing a thorough understanding of the procedures
involved in medical treatment.
Background
On December 27, 1822, Louis Pasteur was born to a family of leather tanners (Lamont, Cohn). As a
child, Pasteur showed no scientific potential whatsoever (Cohn). However, he did have a talent for
art, and it is possible that this particular interest could have influenced his appreciation for detail in
his later years (Lamont). Many of his teachers suggested that he follow in his father's footsteps. As
time progressed, Pasteur developed an interest in the field of science. Starting from this point in his
life, Pasteur demonstrated the characteristic of rising above his expectations. Even though he was
the son of a leather tanner, Pasteur did not give up and live a simple life. Through many strenuous
years of hard work supplemented with encouragement from his father,
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5. Louis Pasteur And Its Effects On Humans
Louis Pasteur made very important contributions to science. He figured out that microorganism
scaled microbes made alcohol and milk go sour. Before his discovery, there was no way to stop
beverages from going bad. Drinking spoiled drinks can have very negative effects on humans. Louis
created a process that destroys the microbes inside of liquids. To do this, you must heat up a liquid
to a high temperature for a short amount of time. He named this revolutionary process
pasteurization. In addition to is amazing achievement, Louis created vaccines for rabies and anthrax.
Louis Pasteur was born on December 27, 1822. He was born in Dole, France. Louis grew up in a
town called Arbois with his father, Jean–Joseph Pasteur. Louis ' father had a ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
This is where Louis met his wife, Marie Laurent. Louis married Marie on May 29 in the year 1849.
Marie and Louis had five children. Sadly, only two of these children survived their childhood.
After managing to cope with the death of two of his children, Louis Pasteur was made a professor at
the University of Lille. It was at this university, that Louis tried to find a solution to the problem
manufacturers of alcohol faced at that time. Louis Pasteur, of course, did not invent Germ Theory.
He did however, further develop the theory, and convinced the majority of Europe that this theory is
true.
After showing how microorganism affected drinks such as alcohol and milk, Louis then created a
process that was capable of destroying these organisms that put humans in danger. He figured out
that this could be accomplished by boiling, and then cooling a liquid. Louis performed this for the
first time on April 20 in 1862. We later named this process pasteurization, after its inventor.
Louis 's knowledge of how microorganisms forms helped him later in life. By using what he knew
about microbes, Pasteur saved the silk industry. Pasteur proved to silk manufacturers that microbes
were responsible for the silk shortage. The microbes were attacking silkworm eggs. By doing this,
the silkworms caught a disease. Louis realized that if the microbes were killed, the disease would
cease to exist. And of course, Louis 's hypothesis was correct, and by
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7. Louis Pasteur Essay
Many individuals have made astounding contributions to society in the past 200 years; however,
some of these contributions were so powerful, they effectively changed the future of our world.
Louis Pasteur, born December 27th, 1822, in the town of Dole, Eastern France, is one of the most
noteworthy individuals to live during the last 200 years. Responsible for a myriad of
accomplishments ranging from the debunking of the infamous "spontaneous generation" theory to
the method named after him today, pasteurization, Mr. Pasteur is responsible for bestowing upon us
some of the modern day conveniences we enjoy daily. Before discussing his accomplishments,
however, one should first look at his origins. Pasteur's father, Jean–Joseph Pasteur, in ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
To begin with, Pasteur can be credited with the discovery the existence of molecular asymmetry,
which effectively created the field of science known as Stereochemistry. In the ten years following
his discovery, Pasteur further investigated the ability of organic substances to rotate the plane of
polarized light; with the information from his studies, he became convinced him that asymmetry
was one of the fundamental characteristics of living matter, a vastly important contribution to the
field of science in general. In addition to this, Stereochemistry allows us to know how a certain
molecule will interact with an organism; anti–nausea medications in the 1950's that created
devastating birth defects with "flipper–like" appendages is just one example of the consequences of
not following this man's research. In 1854, Pasteur was appointed professor of chemistry and dean
of the science faculty at the University of Lille (Ullmann, "Louis"). Whilst employed at Lille, he
accepted a plea for studying solutions to problems associated to alcohol production at a local
distillery, and with this catalyst, he began a series of studies on alcoholic fermentation. In 1857,
while working with his research, Pasteur took a position with and was appointed manager and
director of scientific studies at the cole Normale Supérieure (Ullmann, "Louis"). The observations
he made
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9. Pasteur 's Work Into Motion
Vaccines Louis Pasteur was a French 19th century scientist, chemist, physicist, philosopher,
microbiologist, father of pasteurization, and towards the latter part of his career became an
immunologist. Though the immune system had barely even been discovered towards the end of the
19th century, Pasteur was able to develop vaccines for chicken cholera, anthrax, and rabies. Though
he started out trying to discover what the culprit was to making livestock and dogs sick, he applied
this knowledge and new discoveries to infected humans, which resulted in saving many people's
lives towards the turn of the century and even today.
What was the motivation that led to the discovery? Many different motivations set Pasteur's work
into motion. At the young age of nine, Pasteur observed first–hand that people developed rabies
from dogs infected with rabies. This might sound like common sense, but in the early 19th century,
microbiology and the exploration of infectious diseases were just being realized and discovered by
scientists. The rabies problem started to grow rapidly in France and veterinarians reached out to
Pasteur for help. After Pasteur accepted this challenge he applied what he observed as a boy and to
many things he had learned and discovered since then. Finally in 1884 he was able to discover how
to treat infected dogs, and then in 1885 he successfully treated his first human rabies victim.
What questions were asked? Many questions were asked that led up to the discovery
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11. Louis Pasteur Research Paper
The Life of A Genius
Do you know the man responsible for creating the first vaccine while saving millions of lives each
year? This man's name is Louis Pasteur. Louis Pasteur is an important historical figure in science for
many reasons.
Born on December 27, 1822, Louis created the first vaccine. His first vaccine discovery was in
1879, with a disease called chicken cholera. After accidentally exposing the chickens to a weakened
form of the cholera, he discovered that they became resistant to the virus. Pasteur went on to extend
his germ theory and created vaccines for diseases such as anthrax, cholera, smallpox, and more.
Louis Pasteur discovered that microbes were responsible for souring alcohol and came up with the
process
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13. Louis Pasteur : The Real Pastor Of Science
Louis Pasteur: The Real Pastor of Science
The 19th century saw the beginning and ending of many things throughout the world. The end to
many empires such as the Holy Roman and Spanish led to the beginnings and flourishings of many
empires and nations like the British, Russian, and the United States. Industrialism and Imperialism
took over as the world reached new heights in the means of technology and civilization. It was this
century that the world saw the first real electronics rise, conquer, and change the world into the way
it is now ("19th Century"). Because of the industrialization of everything, people were pushed to
invent and discover bigger and better things that advanced the world. This was also very true in the
branch of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At first, he failed at this degree but then later passed and earned a general science degree in 1842.
After two tries to enter, Louis was now in École Normale Supérieure which is like graduate school
in today's world (Tames n. pag.). He then received a Bachelor of Science license and began teaching
physics at the Collège de Tournon. Louis did not stay there long as he joined Antoine Jèrome Balard
at the École Normale Supérieure where he began his research and wrote his theses. In 1848, he was
a chemistry professor at the University of Strasbourg ("Louis Pasteur"). There, he met Marie
Laurent who he later married in 1849; they had five children together. Out of five children, two of
them survived to adulthood, and the other three got the disease called typhoid and died at an early
age (Tames n. pag.).
Louis Pasteur's early life extremely influenced his career and contributions in the science field.
Being born into a poor family influenced his childlife a ton as he did not have a real interest in
academics or doing good in school. He was also the third child of the family ("Louis Pasteur"). For
the most part, Loius had bad grades in school and failed many examinations to get into places. But,
he kept on trying and trying until he succeeded. The most influential part of his early life was kids.
When three of
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15. Louis Pasteur : An Influential Chemist
Ashley Gregory
Mr. Tavernia
CP world history
12 October 2015
Louis Pasteur Louis Pasteur, one of the most influential chemists in the world, developed a process
that saved many lives and continues to do so on a global scale. In the mid–18th century, when
scientists were questioning the role of microorganisms, Pasteur investigated and supported the germ
theory, through his extensive laboratory studies. He made many contributions to the various fields of
science. Louis Pasteur is the most influential chemist in the history of the world specifically because
of his discovery of the pasteurization process, which kills germs, helping to prevent illness. Pasteur
was born in Dole, France and was the middle child of five. His family for ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Reasoning that there was some special internal arrangement, that the molecules of a compound
twisted the light, which he considered as an "asymmetric" arrangement. This hypothesis that he
came up with holds an important place in early history of structural chemistry. It's the field of
chemistry that studies the 3–D characteristics of molecules. Securing his academic credentials with
scientific papers, he was appointed to the faculty of sciences in Strasbourg in 1848. He was later
transferred to the faculty in Lille, in 1854; there he started research on fermentation. At this time the
majority believed that fermentation was spontaneously generated by a series of chemical reactions
in which enzymes played a critical role, but Pasteur sided with the minority view, which was that
each type of fermentation is carried out by a living microorganism. Fighting the battles against the
theory of spontaneous generation, he figured that in the early round of debates there were various
applications of his pasteurization process. In 1865, he originally used this process to fight what he
called the "diseases" of wine. Realizing that unwanted microorganisms caused these diseases, he
figured that heating wine to a temperature between 60 and 100 degrees Celsius could destroy them.
He later extended this method to other spoilable substances, such as milk. When Pasteur started his
fermentation studies,
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17. Pasteur And The Chemist In The Academy Of Medicine In Paris
The relationship between chemist and the doctors in the Academy of Medicine in Paris is that they
both study in the same field of science. Chemist are seen as frauds like Pasteur for advocating
doctors to wash their hands and clean their instrument. The doctors targets the well–being of
humans while chemist specializes in their medication.
Dr. Charbonnet believed that diseases appeared within humans similar to how certain forms come
from inanimate objects like fleas from dust; this is called spontenous generation. Charbonnet argued
that the microbes are the result of disease meaning that the microbes are not the reason for causing
an illness but come after someone contracts a disease. Unlike Pasteur's idea, he said that
microorganisms are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While the experimental group is the group of sheep that recieved the vaccine while being exposed to
anthrax also. The variable of the experiment is the vaccination given to the two groups that are in
different enclosures. The results were that the vaccine provided by Pasteur prevented the
experimented group from dying of anthrax compared to the controlled group.
Dr. Joseph Lister was able to reintroduce cleaniness to the medical field. He used carbolic acid to
dress a wound to reduce the rate of infection. This relates to Louis Pasteur because the both of them
believed in microbes being the reason for disease so they enforce washing your hands and boiling
instruments.
Rabies is spread through animals bites of an infected animal. Symptoms involve fever, headache
nausea, etc. The animals that can trasmit rabies are cats, dogs, wolves, bats, and more. The reason
why rabies is called hydrophobia, "fear of water", due to how in one of the symptons of rabies, a
person will not be able to swallow liquids which causes
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19. Louis Pasteur In Public Health
Louis Pasteur in Public Health Samantha R. James PU–120 December 20, 2011 Adrian Cooksey
Louis Pasteur in Public Health Louis Pasteur is a man of many talents; his greatest gift was his
intelligence and patience without it the medical field and the public health system would not be
where it is today. Through his patience and diligence Pasteur was able to make several advances in
chemistry, microbiology, immunizations and preservations. In 1857 he developed the Germ Theory
of fermentation and putrefaction, these theories assisted in the surgical revolution of antiseptics
developed by Joseph Lister. He has laid the foundations for epidemiology and the defining rules for
personnel hygiene. Many people believed that his theories were ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Anthrax was slaughtering farm animals mostly, sheep; through investigations of healthy and
diseased animals he was able to cultivate a vaccine to control the bacteria. (Toledo–Pereyra, 2009),
and he did the exact same thing with Chicken Cholera. In 1881 Pasteur began the study of the viral
disease called rabies. Rabies attacks the central nervous system of warm blooded animals including
humans. According to (Harrigan, 2011). "Animal symptoms may have the appearance of being sick,
crazed, act vicious or may be over friendly, docile, and confused. Human symptoms may be pain or
tingling sensation from the bite site, high fever, confusion, seizures and coma. Once an animal or
individual is infected and they show signs of symptoms they rarely live."(Symptoms). Pasteur began
his investigations by studying "infected rabies animals to get an understanding of the disease's cycle.
He discovered that the spinal cords of dying rabbits with rabies could be kept no infected by
maintaining them in a sterile, dried air for two weeks. He developed a system of various
concentrations of inoculated material; he was able to protect the animals. (Toledo–Pereyra, 2009).
According to Encyclopedia of World Biography (2011) On 1885 Pasteur was brought a nine–year–
old boy by the name of Joseph Meister who had been badly mauled by a rabid dog, with the
permission from the boys physician he administered the vaccination treatments. The
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21. Louis Pasteur's How To Vaccinate Against Infectious Disease
Louis Pasteur discovered how to vaccinate against infectious disease, but it was a long process
before he got to that point. He first studied the process of fermentation, which is when sugars are
turned into alcohol. When a vinegar manufacturer wanted to know why his vinegar was spoiling,
Pasteur found that it was because yeast (a microscopic fungus) had come in contact with the juice.
He found that by heating the beet juice to a controlled temperature, the yeast was killed, and the
fermentation process was stopped. Today this process is known as pasteurization, and it is applied to
all kinds of food such as milk and cheese. He took what he had learned and eventually isolated the
organism that was causing silk worm eggs to be infected with disease and developed a method to
prevent the eggs from becoming ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This saved the silk industry. Eventually, he applied his knowledge to the medical industry by asking
doctors to sterilize their medical instruments by heating them to prevent the spread of germs. After
two of his children died of typhoid fever, Pasteur wanted to know if there was a way to protect the
body from germs. When an anthrax epidemic broke out among animals, he discovered that the
anthrax bacillus was the carrier of the disease. By using the heating method he used to kill the yeast
in food, Pasteur heated the bacillus enough to weaken it, and then he injected it into the animals to
allow their bodies to build up a resistance against the bacteria. It worked, and Pasteur eventually
developed a vaccine for rabies and other infectious diseases like cholera and smallpox. Pasteur had
many questions that motivated his discoveries. Where are the micro–organisms coming from that
cause fermentation? Can the fermentation process be stopped? If fermentation can be stopped in
food, can that same concept be applied to protect the body from infectious disease? Then there was
the motivation initiated through the
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23. Louis Pasteur Essay
Louis Pasteur
Louis Pasteur was an example of a truly gifted person who made many wildly diverse discoveries in
many different areas of science. He was a world–renowned French chemist and biologist whose
work paved the way for branches of science and medicine such as stereochemistry, microbiology,
virology, immunology, and molecular biology. He also proved the germ theory of disease, invented
the process of pasteurization, fermentation, and developed vaccines for many diseases, including
rabies.
Pasteur was born on December 27, 1822 in Dole, France, and grew up in the small town of Arbois.
As a young boy, Pasteur showed no particular interest in science. His talents were mainly drawing
and painting. At age thirteen, he could draw ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The souring of wine and beer had caused a major economic problem in France. Pasteur helped to
solve the problem by proving that heating the starting sugar solutions to a high temperature would
eliminate the bacteria.
Pasteur then extended his studies of this subject to other problems like the souring of milk, and
proposed a similar solution, which consisted of heating the milk to high temperatures and pressure
before bottling. This process kills disease–causing bacteria and viruses and became known as
pasteurization.
After his studies on fermentation and pasteurization, Louis was convinced the microbes were useful
for many tasks in the world, but also at the heart of a thousand dangerous things, too. Many
scientists at the time believed humans, animals, and insects were not produced by parents of their
own kind, but that they were spontaneously generated. Fermentation and rotting never took place
unless the microbes were present, but it was generally believed that the microbes were caused by the
rotting, instead of the microbes themselves causing the rotting. To prove this to the scientific
community, Pasteur had to do many experiments to prove that things do not spontaneously generate.
To prove this, he, with the help of Professor Antonie–Jrme Balard, invented a
flask with a long downward S–shape. He then did many experiments, and all
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25. The Work Of Louis Pasteur
In the midst of the Industrial Revolution, the son of leather tanners provided the clarity needed to
understand the behavior of microbes and applied this understanding to improve people's daily life.
This man, Louis Pasteur, succeeded in his medical investigations and continued to pursue his
interest, despite objections given to him by his peers. The timeless work of Louis Pasteur in the
areas of chemistry and microbiology provided the necessary foundation for the scientific study of
immunology and stressed the importance of possessing a thorough understanding of the procedures
involved in medical treatment.
Background
On December 27, 1822, Louis Pasteur was born to a family of leather tanners (Lamont, Cohn). As a
child, Pasteur showed no scientific potential whatsoever (Cohn). However, he did have a talent for
art, and it is possible that this particular interest could have influenced his appreciation for detail in
his later years (Lamont). Many of his teachers suggested that he follow in his father's footsteps. As
time progressed, Pasteur developed an interest in the field of science. Starting from this point in his
life, Pasteur demonstrated the characteristic of rising above his expectations. Even though he was
the son of a leather tanner, Pasteur did not give up and live a simple life. Through many strenuous
years of hard work supplemented with encouragement from his father, Pasteur began to study at the
French University. "It is here," as Cohn notes, "that Pasteur
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27. Louis Pasteur : The Scientific Field Of Biology
Louis Pasteur:
The French 19th century biologist, Louis Pasteur, is responsible for many scientific advancements,
particularly in the field of biology. He has become one of the most well–known figures in the
science of biology for having a massive effect on the direction of scientific thinking. He was a key
figure in contributing to the germ theory of disease. His historical experiments proved his theories,
and changed the way the world views the fundamental principles of microbiology.
One experiment that he sought to complete was one to find out what the cause was for fermentation.
He wanted to see what would happen if he passed oxygen through a fermenting liquid. The oxygen
stopped the fermentation process, and the broth continued ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The straight tube would allow for air–borne bacteria to fall straight into the broth while the swan
neck would trap the bacteria in the trough. He did this to try and disprove the widely accepted
theory of spontaneous generation. At the time, this changed the whole concept of microbiological
reproduction and brought in a new way of thinking.
While both of these experiments carried out by Louis Pasteur had a large effect on the way people
perceived the world of science, they both did it in slightly different ways. For Pasteur's experiment
that disproved the spontaneous generation theory, it completely changed the way scientists thought
about life for centuries before. Not only that, but it simply changed the way people viewed the
world. He was able to show that bacteria were not able to form on its own without a source, and that
it needed a catalyst (in this case, microorganisms from the air). This is an example of a scientific
advancement, improving our knowledge and understanding in the field of biology. Not only did it
disprove spontaneous generation on a microbiological scale, but made everybody think about the
entire theory pertaining to other animals such as maggots and rats. This advancement lead to people
rethinking the entire concept of animal reproduction, and was a stepping stone for greater scientific
discoveries using the newfound understanding. It's just one example of how improving scientific
understanding leads to new perceptions
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29. Louis Pasteur Accomplishments
Chemistry is used in everyday life even if we aren't aware of it. Chemist are so important because
they have discovered so many things that are so important to know. Everything humans do is
chemistry like breathing, eating, or just being still. Without chemist we would have no
understanding about a lot of things in the world. Louis Pasteur, a French chemist and microbiologist,
was known for his discoveries of vaccinations, pasteurization, and microbial fermentation. He is
recalled for the incredible breakthroughs in the causes and preventions of diseases. These
discoveries have saved numerous lives and will continue to save lives. Pasteur had a remarkable life,
made many accomplishments, and also had some controversies; therefore, he is one of the most
remembered chemist.
In December of 1822, Louis Pasteur was born in Dole Jura France where he was a third child. He
was an average student who enjoyed fishing and sketching. Pasteur left for school in Paris but
quickly because homesick. He received a Bachelor of Science degree in 1845 and the next year was
appointed a professor at the Collége de Tournon. In 1848 he because a professor at the University of
Strasbourg where he met his wife, Marie Laurent. Together they had five children, but only two
survived to adulthood. The personal tragedies drove Pasteur to find a cure for infectious ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The food industry has been using this process all over the world. He also developed the first vaccine
for rabies where he was testing on dogs but no humans yet. He finally administered a boy to get bit
by a rabid dog and the boy lived to be an adult. Pasteur was awarded the Rumford Medal for the
discovery of racemic acid. Then he was awarded the Montyon Prize for experimental physiology.
He was awarded the Copley medal for fermentation and became a member of the Royal Netherlands
Academy of Arts and
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31. Analysis Of Louis Pasteur 's Invention Of Pasteurization
Abstract
Wine has been consumed for a particularly long time, probably as early as around 6000 BC
("Evidence of ancient wine," 2015). Many people drink wine because of its health benefits such as
lowering the risk of heart diseases and type 2 diabetes, or simply because it tastes good (Quinlan,
n.d.). But several people do not know that wine can spoil and turn sour, which was a great concern
for the wine industry back in the 1900s. This problem led to Louis Pasteur's invention of
pasteurization. It does not only prevent the wine from spoiling, but also prevents many food–borne
illness, such as tuberculosis. The history of pasteurization, its impacts on public health, and its
controversy will be discussed in this paper to answer the question, "Should pasteurization be
continued?"
Pasteurization: Should It Be Continued?
Louis Pasteur Louis Pasteur was born on December 27th, 1822 in Dole, France. He got a Bachelor
of Science degree in 1842 at the Royal College in Besancon. He then attended the Ecole Normale in
Paris in 1843, and got his Master of Science degree in 1845 (Lamont, 1991). In 1854, he went to the
University of the Lille and became the Dean of the Faculty of Sciences there ("Louis Pasteur,"
2016). Figure 2: Louis Pasteur. Source: Google Images
Pasteurization and Its Impact on the Wine Industry Lille was the center of alcohol manufacturing in
France and in 1856, a father of his student, M. Bigo, went to talk to him about the problem that
alcohol
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33. Louis Pasteur Research Paper
Individuals state that creating something is impossible without a place to start. One must embellish
simple ideas in order to create something much bigger. Louis Pasteur was a microbiologist that lived
in Arbois, France in the late nineteenth century. Louis Pasteur was famous for his discoveries using
basic knowledge of microbiology (Robinson, 2009). He created the pasteurization process, thought
flexibly to improve medical treatments for disease, and illuminated the world by opening possible
discoveries for treatments of illnesses.
The discovery of Pasteurization in the nineteenth century metamorphosed the world of
microbiology. Louis Pasteur was brought to fame due to his discovery of pasteurization in 1864. The
purpose of this process was to extend the expiration dates of wines, and dairy products. This worked
by putting ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Pasteur opened new opportunities for research to both doctors and microbiologists. Pasteurization
innovated the medical and the world of microbiology. Doctors began to put their medical equipment
through intense heat in order to kill microscopic organisms and bacteria that can cause patients to
fall victim to diseases. Before this discovery, hospitals cleaned tools through water. This left germs
on the equipment making hospitals unsanitary. Louis introduced the idea that microscopic organisms
are the reason for illnesses (World of Microbiology and Immunology, 2006). This idea
revolutionized the world of microbiology. Doing this gave microbiologist a greater role in the
medical field and opened a door to new possible research. Being a French man in microbiology
meant that research was hard to sponsor. The discovery of pasteurization was just a risk that had a
possibility of success. The fact that Pasteur took the risk meant he was open to continuous learning
(Biology, 2009). Louis Pasteur allowed medical and microbiology fields to prosper due to his
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35. Chronic Diseases: The Discovery Of Vaccines
The discovery of vaccines was composed of many brilliant minds and their discoveries
have impacted the medical and scientific field; to such a degree, that people's lives are now
being saved from chronic diseases such as polio and smallpox. Today, our technology, has only
incremented the possibility of finding cures for diseases, such as the devastating illnesses
decades in the past. Antibiotics have impacted the world, and have had a ubiquitous influence,
world–wide, reaching even the most secluded places on earth.
The lifespan for humanity has increased the past decade and a half. This is an effect that
vaccination has had along with the cleaner waters, environments, and better hygiene. In an article
by Laura Helmuth, the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Pasteur also discovered a process called pasteurization, which destroyed bacteria by heating
beverages and allowing them to cool; Pasteur's research also showed that the growth of micro–
organisms was responsible for spoiling beverages, such as beer, wine and milk. Many of these
discoveries led Pasteur to escalade to his very zenith of all achievements, were he found a cure
for a common disease in his day known as rabies. He, through many endeavors, discovered a
vaccine that was going to be a great phenomenon, but dared not to try it on a human, yet Pasteur
once found himself in a dilemma of saving a young kids life named Joseph Meister. Meister had
been bit by a rabid dog in the village and the mother precipitately brought him to Pasteur. If the
vaccine failed, Louis knew he would not be blamed for Joseph's death, but if Louis did nothing,

36. Joseph was likely to die anyway. Meister, fortunately healed, and through this encounter,
Pasteur's vaccine saved thousands of lives; taking toll throughout entire Europe.
Vaccinations were the world's answer to their problems and needs. People, as the
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38. The Significant and Enduring Impact Louis Pasteur Had on...
The intention of this paper is to examine the significant and enduring impact Louis Pasteur had on
public health and wonderful advances in medicines and invention of vaccines. Louis Pasteur was a
truly talented person who made many various discoveries in different areas of science. He invented
Pasteurization, the process of treating milk free of damage causing microorganisms (Louis Pasteur,
2014). In 1843, Louis enrolled at the Ecole Normale Supe´rieure in Paris, where he focused in the
origins of life. During the time he was professor in Strasbourg, France, he started investigating
fermentation, which is a chemical process that breaks down organic substance. Pasteur became
drawn to the field of transmittable diseases and the discovery of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Louis drew comprehensive drawings that would help him draw what he saw in the microscope.
Fortitude also came in his childhood when a wolf bit his friend and nearly died from rabies (Berche,
2012).
Louis Pasteur Education Louis received his bachelor's degree in letters in August of 1840. Louis
received his doctoral degree in 1847 with a thesis on crystallography. Pasteur studied how certain
crystals affect light and at the age of 26, he started working on his doctoral thesis on crystallography,
the study of forms and structures of crystals. Louis began working with two acids commonly found
in the sediments of fermenting wine. Tartaric acid and paratartaric acid were found a few years
earlier to have the same chemical composition, but there was something about these two acids that
were different and Louis sought to find the answer. He found that in solution the two rotated
polarized light differently, while tartaric acid rotated polarized light to the right, paratartaric acid did
not rotate the light at all. He then began to study the crystals of each acid under his microscope and
noticed that some of the crystals in paratartaric acid were slightly different from that of tartaric acid.
Using a dissecting needle and his microscope, he separated the different crystals into two piles, and
upon viewing each crystal in the microscope, he noticed that the crystals appeared to be mirror
images of themselves (Berche, 2012).
Louis Pasteur Marriage and Career He
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40. Louis Pasteur's Discovery Of The Small Pox Vaccination
Louis Pasteur, motivated by Edward Jenner's discovery of the small pox vaccination, determined
that other diseases could be cured by vaccinations as well, and he set out to systematically determine
what caused the diseases, and how to develop the vaccines for them. While he was familiar with
Edward Jenner's smallpox vaccine, he did not really know how it worked, and so he started
experimenting, doing various tests that may develop a cure for chicken cholera, rabies, anthrax, etc.
There were multiple diseases that would sweep through areas and effect large numbers of the
population. Pasteur is famous for several things, one of them being the discovery of micro–
organisms. This discovery was a by–product of research that Pasteur had been asked
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42. How Did Louis Pasteur Saved France
Shortly after Pasteur's discovery, he made an even greater impact but on the economy of France in
the mid–nineteenth century instead. During the mid–1850s, Louis Pasteur lived in Lille, a region
inhabited by vinegar makers, brewers, and wine producers. It was no surprise that Pasteur gradually
developed a great interest in the science of fermentation. During the early 1860s, manufacturers of
wine and vinegar were confused as to why the fermentation process suddenly stopped prematurely.
When this occurred it was common for the liquid to turn sour, leaving it useless for the producers
and consumers, and resulted in massive financial loss to the manufacturers. In 1862, Pasteur began
experimenting to find the cause of this problematic occurrence. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
He discovered that yeast cells were actually living microorganisms and were the main characters in
the process of fermentation. He found that although yeast helped the liquid to ferment, another
microorganism was ceasing this process. Louis Pasteur also discovered the reason for why
thousands of gallons of wine was gradually becoming sour and figured out a solution as well. He
discovered by putting it through a pasteurization process, the wine would not spoil but instead return
back to its once pleasant taste and texture. By making these discoveries, Louis Pasteur saved France
millions of francs, years of time, and thousands of gallons of resources. He prevented a major aspect
of France's economy from collapsing: their wine, beer, and vinegar industries. He also saved a
cultural factor of France as well. During the nineteenth century, wine had become a daily part of the
lives of the people of France. It was drunk at heartrending times and content times. Wine was drunk
at celebrations and funerals, and wine was even found at the dinner table every night. It became a
part of France's culture and through his findings, he prevented that from being lost. By being the
brilliant scientist that he is and by his hard work and determination to help the country that he loves,
Louis Pasteur made a vital impact on the economic and cultural aspect of
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44. Dr. Louis Pasteur's Rabies Analysis
Dr. Louis Pasteur was a forward–thinking individual who made numerous contributions to society in
regards to health care advancement; additionally, he was well known for his work with rabies, and
specifically, healing a child who had contracted rabies. The story in this week's reading speaks of a
radical experiment where Dr. Pasteur took the spinal cord from dogs who had died from rabies and
injected them into the child (Daempfle, 2016). Although this treatment had proven effective at
curing rabies in animals it was not proven to work on humans. With nothing to lose Dr. Pasteur
injected the untested vaccine into the child who survived the night, also, after injections for three
months the child was cured of rabies. Consequently, the child survival was groundbreaking, but how
did the process work? ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Pasteur process was to take the spinal remains of infected animals and lessened the virality of the
rhabdovirus to almost nonexistent by dehydrating them (Louis Pasteur, 2017). Furthermore, the
dehydrated spinal cord provided a neutralized source of rabies via antibody proteins that are able to
attach to the rabies antigen (Antibody, 2017). Also, known as B lymphocytes (B cells) these
antibodies reproduce countless exact replicas that move throughout the body. This provided the
child's system with antibodies that already recognized the rhabdovirus, and allowed them to affix
and neutralize the virus. Through numerous injections, Dr. Pasteur's inactivated vaccine restrained
rabies from wreaking havoc on the child's nervous system (Louis Pasteur, 2017). Whereas, this is
how the vaccine worked in our story, is it the same process
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46. The Era Of The 19th Century
Europe faced an era of revolutions at the wake of the nineteenth century. Long–standing empires,
which had traditionally controlled most of the world –including the Spanish, Chinese, French, and
Holy Roman Empires –, collapsed at the beginning of the century, allowing the British Empire to
rise to power and establish dominance over a fifth of the Earth's surface. This political revolution
was coupled with the industrial revolution. New manufacturing processes called for large industrial
factories to replace domestic production. Technological gains were made in textile manufacturing,
steam power, and iron making. The standard of living and literacy rates increased due to new
advances in technology and industrial printing. The nineteenth century, with the invention of the
microscope, became a period of scientific discoveries and debate. This era of scientific upheaval
was fueled by the challenges to Genesis and the Scala Naturae and the emergence of secularism.
Naturalists focused on macrobiological concepts, such as Lamarck and Cuvier who debated the
fixity (or lack there of) of species, as well as microbiological concepts, such as Schleiden and
Schwann and the development of the Cell Theory.
One such naturalist was Louis Pasteur. Pasteur was able to take advantage of the microscope and
formulate the Germ Theory of Disease in 1861, which states that microorganisms are the cause of
disease. As all theories at the time, Pasteur's work faced significant contention from his
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48. Louis Pasteur : The Science Of Science And Science
Science is an important part of a lot of people's lives. Without science and scientists, the human race
may never have some of the things that we take for granted in their daily lives. Thanks to some very
important scientists and their works, you can enjoy many of those things. Louis Pasteur's early life
and further education led to his successful works and creations that helped further the lives of
everyone.
Louis Pasteur was born on December 27, 1822 in Dole France and he grew up Arbois France. His
mother is Jeanne Etiennette Pasteur and his father is Jean Joseph Pasteur. His siblings were Jean
Denis, Jeanne Antoine, Josephine, Jeanne Emilie. Louis was a middle child but he outlived all of his
other siblings. His father was a tanner which prepares animal skin to be made into leather. He was
married to Marie Laurent on May 29, 1849 whom he met in college. His mother passed away
sometime in May 1848 and his father passed away sometime in 1865. His wife, Marie Laurent,
passed away on September 28, 1910 and Louis himself passed away on September 28, 1895. As a
child, Louis Pasteur was highly intuitive in the field of art and was very devoted into the topic at a
young age. In primary school, Louis was not very profound in the subjects of math and science,
which is very surprising to most people. He spent hours on hours drawing, painting, and coloring
anything and everything he could think of. He later went on to study for and achieve a Bachelor of
Science and a Bachelor of
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50. Essay on Louis Pasteur: The Spontaneous Man
Louis Pasteur: The Spontaneous Man
Spontaneous Generation thought to be the Origin of Life until the 1850's. Through a Science Fair
that was sponsored by the French Academy of Science, it was Louis Pasteur who was responsible
for disapproving this myth.
Introduction
This paper is about an extraordinary gentleman who made many discoveries in his lifetime;
however, this will not be about one of his discovery's rather the experiment that debunks
spontaneous generation. One may want to ask what is spontaneous generation, and how was it
discovered. These will be my main two main points for my paper along with a brief description of
Louis Pasteur. For now I will give a small introduction as to what is spontaneous generation and
some ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Results
Louis Pasteur was born on December 27, 1822, in the town of Dole, in eastern France, about 249
miles south–east of Paris. After several years, Louis' family moved to a nearby town named Arbois.
Louis did attended school in Arbois but had poor results for the exception of art. Most if not many of
his educators thought he would have to leave school to go work in his father's tannery. Nevertheless,
Louis had a great desire to increase his knowledge. One of his educators saw potential in his
persistent and careful approach to his work. (Barnett, Brendon)
At the age of 15, Louis then traveled to Paris to complete his secondary schooling. He was however,
overcome by homesickness and returned to Arbois. He tried again, this time at Besancon, only 25
miles from home. This time around he was successful and went on to complete a Bachelor of
Science degree at the Royal College in Besancon in 1842.
Louis was certain he wanted to attend the Ecole Normale in Paris. He did however pass the entrance
examination in 1842, but knew he could have achieved a higher standard. So therefore he studied for
another year to improve his knowledge before entering the Ecole Normale. Louis ended up studying
chemistry at Ecole Normale, where he received his Master's of Science degree in 1845.
Accepting a challenge at the age of 32 would be the deciding factor as to why he changed
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52. How Did Louis Pasteur Contribute To The World
Scientist, Louis Pasteur, is known as "the white knight of science."[1] His discoveries have impacted
the world for good. Though most may not know who he is, his influence touches the lives of people
all over the world. Some of Pasteur's most significant contributions to the world are his discoveries
surrounding germs. Pasteur uncovered how dangerous germs are and that doctors can stop the
spread of germs by properly sanitizing themselves and their instruments.[2] He was the pioneer of
immunizations as he discovered that "weak forms of disease could be used ... against stronger
forms"[3] of viruses. He was also responsible for "introducing the medical world to the concept of
viruses."[4] What led Pasteur to such remarkable discoveries? Pasteur
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54. Revolutionary Germ Theory: The Great Minds Responsible Essay
Revolutions happen because of the need to change the present. As a result, the transformation could
favor one team or help a group of people in the positive cases. The revolution in medicine,
especially the germ theory of disease was a huge wake up call for most people. Germ theory was
quite possibly the most important part of the revolution of medicine. It informed the people of the
existence of germs and the importance of hygiene. There were many revolutions in history. Most
were bloody, but the outcome of this revolution was eternal and the stepping–stone of medicine and
surgery. Robert Koch, Louis Pasteur, and Joseph Lister contributed to the ever–changing germ
theory that started many profound discoveries and understandings. It takes ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
One of the prominent men behind the germ theory was Robert Koch, a German physician, who laid
the foundation for the theory. Koch experimented on animals because he noticed what most people
saw as a mystery. He used a microscope to look at blood that belonged to cows that died of anthrax.
Koch discovered that there were tiny bacteria shaped like a rod and supposed that it was a disease
called anthrax. Out of curiosity, he transported the bacteria to mice, which also acquired anthrax.
His observation of the transportation of anthrax led Koch to create the four standards that
determines that a certain germ can cause a specific disease. Koch's criterion famously known as
Koch's Postulates and are still commonly used. His third postulate is, "the disease must be
reproduced when a pure culture is inoculated into a healthy, susceptible host." In other words, a
disease is able to multiply when a clean group of germs introduces itself to a vulnerable animal to
house the germs. Robert Koch launched the germ theory for other great minds to enhance by
discovering a disease and creating a set of principles. Many scientists say that several people saw his
great idea and followed him on the way to discovery, but others opposed it. One of the followers
was Louis Pasteur who seems to get most of the credit for the start of the germ theory. Pasteur was a
French microbiologists and a dedicated man
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56. Germ Theory: Microorganisms Invade The Body
The germ theory states that certain diseases are caused when microorganisms invade the body. Louis
Pasteur, Joseph Lister, and Robert Koch are the developers of the germ theory. Until the germ theory
was accepted, many people believed disease was a punishment for bad behavior. When many people
got sick, people blamed it on swamp vapors or foul odors from sewage. The development of the
germ theory was made possible in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries using lavatories and
equipment to study bacteria. In the nineteenth century improvements in microscope technology
allowed microbiologists to invalidate more on the germ theory. The invention of primitive
microscopes by English scientist Robert Hooke and the Dutch merchant and amateur scientist Anton
van Leeuwenhoek gave the scepter it's the ability to study the microorganisms and determine if they
caused diseases. Louis ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was later proven in 1976 by German physician Robert Koch that bacteria can cause diseases.
Through this he discovered the organism that causes tuberculosis. Robert Koch showed that
organisms can be identified as the cause of diseases. He laid the foundation for modern medical
microbiology. Koch's work was influencing the development of the germ theory and Joseph Lister
was was influencing surgeries in the operating rooms. Lister began soaking surgical dressings in
carbolic acid which prevented infection. Other surgeons started doing the same and it controlled the
spread of infectious microorganisms. Many people did not know that giving healthy people vaccines
can prevent the spread of disease could prevent the spread of disease. Once scientists showed that
microbes can cause disease in humans, disease transmission reduced in hospitals and the
community, and there was the development of new techniques to find out the organisms that were
causing
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58. Controversies Of Louis Pasteur
Louis Pasteur was magnificently a genius. His life was an example of hard work and persistence. He
was called "The father of modern hygiene, public health and much of modern medicine, as well as
the father of microbiology and immunology." As a scientist, he made many discoveries and
experimentations that are benefits to human and animals. Although sometimes his claims raised
controversies, Louis Pasteur investigated, revised deeper and deeper his claims to bring up more
evidences that lead him to more and more discoveries. Today, because of his claims; we know the
correlation or causation between putrefaction and fermentation. We know what makes the milk
spoiled, and how to prevent people to overuse it by putting an expiring date on the gallon.
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60. Louis Pasteur And Lister
"Pasteurization" and "Listerine" came from the names of pioneers against germs, who improved the
affects of medicine. Experimenting in the late 1800s, scientists Louis Pasteur in France, then Joseph
Lister in England, made discoveries that revolutionized patient health. Their work eliminated some
of the health risks patients experienced throughout medical processes. Both Louis Pasteur and
Joseph Lister transformed treatment, to the process and eventually to the patient during the
Industrial Revolution.
Before scientific improvements introduced by Pasteur and Lister, there was a lack of cleanliness
throughout the surgical process. Medical theory misunderstood the importance of a cleanliness
protocol, these faults resulted in sepsis and outpatient deaths. Though the actual surgery would be a
success, "Ward Fever" would claim lives afterwards. Louis Pasteur and Joseph Lister brought to
light the effects of illness and benefits of sterilization.
Louis Pasteur, a French chemist and biologist, founded the concept of temperature as a way to kill
germs. He showed that microorganisms caused liquids such as milk, wine and beer to spoil. He
invented a process in association with Claude Bernard in which liquids such as milk were heated to
kill bacteria and moulds present and then cooled to normal temperature (Louis Pasteur Famous
Inventors). Discovered in 1864, "Pasteurization" ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With the help of his influence and research, Louis Pasteur helped the world understand where germs
came from, starting after he graduated from college in 1845 until he died in 1885. Joseph Lister took
the research further by adapting the germ research and using disinfectants to improve post surgery
recovery. Together they are remembered for their contribution to modern medical science, and so it
is appropriate that a process and product are named for
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62. Louis Pasteur Accomplishments
Louis Pasteur was a scientist. He led many scientific discoveries particularly in the study of germs
and living organisms. It is through the work of Pasteur that we know to wash our hands to prevent
that spread of germs, that medical instruments need to be sterilized, and his research on germ theory
led to the development of antibiotics. His initial motivation was a love of science, but his research
and life events led him to ask important science questions that begged to be answered. After his
initial research on crystallization and how polarized light passed through them he became associated
with another scientist named Biot. It was after testing Pasteur's theories that the two became good
friends and colleagues. Pasteur's work into the study of disease and vaccination was further spurred
on when two of his daughters died of typhoid.
Pasteur's study of crystallography gained him great recognition and he became the Dean of the
Faculty of Science Lille. In this school they were doing a great deal of research on the production of
alcohol by fermentation of the beetroot. "At this time the theory of Liebig, that fermentation was a
chemical process," (Fleming) was being researched. Pasteur questioned this theory ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
With Edward Jenner's discovery of the smallpox vaccination, Pasteur asked the questioned if a
vaccine be found for all diseases. Pasteur's work showed that bacteria could cause infectious
diseases. His discovery of the chicken cholera vaccination was through a process of trial and error.
He was able to "isolate a microbe from fowls suffering from this disease". (Fleming) Many
experiments of trial and error were conducted and it was actually chickens that were injected with an
old culture that led Pasteur and his team to discover the vaccination for chicken cholera. Building on
his germ studies he was able to investigate other diseases including anthrax and
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64. Louis Pasteur
During the nineteenth century a country located in the western border of Europe that was once quite
prosperous was beginning to take quite a turn. This country was France. At the time France was
known for its alcoholic industry. Alcohol was so important to France that alcoholic beverages even
became a prominent part of French culture. France was also advancing in medicine and attempting
to progress far in technology to contribute to this field. For example, France was constantly creating
vaccines that were saving hundreds of lives both in the present day and in the future. More and more
citizens of France were aiming to become a part of the medical field, leading to a new–found respect
for that field of science. The silk industry was also prominent, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Louis had to pick between two experimental approaches. He either had to choose from a purely
chemical experimental approach where he would have to define the pattern in which the molecules
are arranged through experiments or from the approach of revealing the physical properties of
crystals by extensive research and physical observation. Pasteur decided to choose the latter
otherwise known as crystallography. Pasteur decided to become a member of the research team that
studied crystals. He wanted to discover the true essence and the mystery behind crystals. Little did
Pasteur know that his research of crystals would result in France's advancement in the scientific
field. Pasteur's research project consisted of the two crystalline structures. One crystalline structure
was of tartaric acid, a compound that is generally found in wine that is sour. The other crystalline
structure that Pasteur focused on was called racemic acid, which was found in the vats that wine was
made in. He focused on these two specific crystals because they had a unique feature. Although they
both seemed to have the same shape, they were geometrically different; the tartaric acid was
optically active, while the racemic acid was not. After almost a year of extensive sketching, in which
his artist background contributed greatly, and experimenting, he finally
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66. Essay about The Father of Microbes: Biography of Louis...
Louis Pasteur was born in the town of Dole, France in a family of tanners. He was born in
December 27, 1822, in a time when the germs and microbes hadn't been discovered. The profession
of tanner is a person who gets leather to become soft and strong. This profession came from his
great grandfather who owned a tanning business since 1763 (Notable Biographies, 2008). As
children, the Jean–Joseph and Jeanne Roqui Pasteur, taught them to be loyal, respect, financial
security, and hard work. By the year of 1831, Pasteur went to Ecole Primaire and to College d'
Arboix (Pasteur Brewing, 2008) where it is believed that he witnesses treatment of rabies on victims
which killed 16 on that day. After that, Pasteur decides to go to Paris to enter at ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Two years later, Pasteur was a professor in the University of Lille, where he helped a helped a
"producer of vinegar from beet juice" (Notable Biographies, 2008). The producer's problem with the
vinegar was that the vinegar would be spoiled and wanted to find a solution to keep it from spoiling.
Pasteur then observed the beet juice with a microscope and found that it had yeast and alcohol. The
action of beet juice and yeast was fermentation. To solve this he heated up the beet juice and
destroyed the yeast. With this, he called this process "pasteurization" (BBC History, 2011). On he
continued, and started to do research on Silkworms. By the year of 1865, Pasteur helped the silk
industry in France. Silkworms were becoming dangerous to the industry because they were ruining
the silk. In four months, Pasteur came up with different methods and solutions to solve the problem.
Despite his great success, his father died, and his two daughters died from the typhoid fever in 1866.
Then his left side of the body was paralyzed due to a cerebral hemorrhage by 1868. However despite
this time of tragic failures, he continued with his works(Notable Biographies, 2008). In the Franco–
German War Pasteur made an spectacular finding! He theorized, as he saw the wounds on the
soldiers and the unsterilized instruments that were used, that the "diseases and infections were
caused by microbes" (Notable Biographies, 2008). He proposed to heat the sterilize the instruments
by
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68. How Did Louis Pasteur Affect The Economy
Louis Pasteur also made a major impact on the agricultural industries of France's economy as well.
In the early years of the 1880s, an issue rose among the fields of farmers across the country of
France. Their cattle and sheep were suddenly dying, collapsing to the ground for what appeared as if
some sudden, unseen force was knocking them down. Farmers and cattle owners were perplexed
and worried, for they were losing money and they were losing money rapidly. Sheep and cattle were
not only resources in the clothing industries for cloth and leather but also in agriculture as a food
source. The discovery was made by another scientist that the cause of these animal's deaths was
because of a disease called anthrax. Anthrax, at the time, was seen ... Show more content on
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His interest in rabies began when he eleven years old. In October of 1831, a rabid wolf ravaged
through Pasteur's town, biting and attacking anything in its way. Young Pasteur witnessed this tragic
event and never forgot the seventeen dogs and the six children that were harmed. Around fifty years
later, Pasteur's drive to find a rabies bacillus was still going strong yet throughout France is was
believed that the experiment was inevitable for failure Rabies is a viral and contagious disease. This
did not stop Pasteur's lab from making progress in their experimentation. In their first attempt, Louis
and his team attempted to make dogs immune to the effects of rabies. In doing so, they injected the
disease into different species. They noticed that as the disease was passed to each other, it gradually
weakened in its effects. Pasteur then began to inject animals with a less potent injection of rabies.
The hope was that slowly but surely, immunity would be built up within that animal. The method
consisted of approximately seven to fourteen daily injection of the live rabies virus into the animal
to be observed and analyzed over time. Out of the fifty animals that were tested on, there had been
constant successes in making them resistant to rabies. As a result of this progress and success,
Pasteur decided that it was time to begin human trials. At first, many were skeptical that Pasteur and
his team's vaccine would work. However as more and more cases occurred, and with nowhere else
to go, people requested treatment with the rabies vaccine. By October of 1886, over two thousand
people had received the vaccine. Although the vaccine was not one hundred percent successful,
ninety–nine percent of individuals that were infected with rabies survived with the aid of Pasteur's
vaccine. Through
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70. The Discovery Of Rabies Vaccinations
Oddly enough, the motivation that led Louis Pasteur to his discoveries of rabies vaccinations,
the contagiousness of anthrax ,diseases, bacteria and viruses, began with his study of why a
beet –root alcohol was souring. Pasteur was hired by a manufacturer of alcohol to find out why
they were having this problem. Interestingly, the scientists of his day, believed in what they
called "spontaneous generation." This means they believed that maggots spontaneously grew
from rotten meat or putrefied foods, and that fleas just formed from the ground, spontaneously!
and other unexplainable formations. Pasteur performed many extensive experiments where he
kept liquids like milk, and alcohol open to the air and other samples he closed off from any
outside influence. He discovered that the closed off liquids did not grow bacteria's as fast. He
also came up with the idea to boil the liquid and seal it. He found that killing the bacteria and not
allowing it to be contaminated, stopped the souring. This is where the term, "Pasteurized milk"
comes from. Louis believed in the germ theory. He studied how they spread and tried to
convince the doctors of his day to scrub their hands and tools before helping another patient.
There were many women who were getting fevers after delivery and he came up with he idea
that it was the doctors who were spreading germs and deadly bacteria. Louis Pasteur was
always full of questions like, why does mold grow on certain foods?, how to stop
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72. The Epidemic Of Smallpox Vaccine
In the 21th century we live our lives day to day seeing the next medicine breakthrough. It is easy for
us to assume that's how the history of medicine has always been. On the contrary, medicine became
positively modern in the 19th century, new inventions were introduced, new discoveries were
brought to their attention, remedies was in the spotlight, and the start of women's professions
generated. Vaccines are the most successful strategies in medicine to prevent and even eliminate the
most gruesome and contagious diseases. For centuries, smallpox traumatized the human race. Today,
smallpox is not something we automatically think of when somebody gets a rash or have the chills,
thanks to Edward Jenner. The first successful smallpox vaccine was introduced by Jenner in 1796.
Although, Jenner's portrayed the first scientific attempt to control this deadly disease, later in the
19th century it was perceived that the vaccination did not grant immunity for the rest a victim 's life.
As the 19th century came to an end, the smallpox vaccine became more advanced and more
depended on. Scientist Louis Pasteur amazed the French Academy of Medicine when he prevented
two boys from contracting rabies. Once a person was to get rabies, the symptom was death. A 15–
year–old, Jean–Baptiste, was bitten several times while conflicting with a rabid dog. Three days
following to the dog attack, Pasteur and his colleagues injected Jean 13 times over 10 days with
rabid rabbits' nerve tissue that had
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74. The Contributions Of Louis Pasteur
Louis Pasteur was a biologist and a French chemist who made major contributions to chemistry,
medicine and industry. He is famous for his germ theory and he is also famous for the development
of vaccines. He is also famous for the food preparing process known as pasteurization.
Personal Biography
Louis Pasteur born on December 27, 1822, in Dole, France. He grew up in the town of Arbois. His
father, Jean–Joseph Pasteur was a tanner and a sergeant major. Since his father was decorated with
the Legion of Honor during the Napoleonic Wars, strong patriotism was instilled in Louis when he
was young. This became an important part of his character later on. In his early school years, he was
an average student but he was gifted in drawing and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The other children died of typhoid. But it was this tragedy of losing his children that inspired Louis
Pasteur to try to discover cures for diseases like the typhoid. He was affected very deeply over his
loss and that is what gave him the inspiration to do something for incurable diseases.
Scientific Biography
In 1854 he was a chemistry professor at the university of Lille, and it was here where he started
working with the germ theory. Although he did not invent the germ theory, he was able to further
develop it by demonstrating that bacteria was responsible for souring wine, beer and milk. People in
those days believed that germs just popped out of nowhere but Pasteur proved otherwise. Through
his experiments he showed that bacteria did not just appear but it came from other living things. It
was this that earned him the nickname "Father of the Germ Theory." Using his knowledge of germs
he went on to invent pasteurization. He found that boiling and then cooling liquid could remove
bacteria. Not only will this kill all the bacteria making the beverages safer to drink, it also made
them last longer. Pasteur kept learning about bacteria and he started to think that it had something to
do with why humans get diseases. In 1865, Louis Pasteur helped save the silk industry. He
investigated why silkworms were getting a disease, which was threatening the French silk market.
He proved that microbes were attacking the healthy silkworm eggs and he said if the microbes
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76. How Did Louis Pasteur Contribute To Society
Between Marie Curie and Louis Pasteur I think that Louis Pasteur made more significant
contributions to society. I think this because he saved millions of lives with inventing a way to
pasteurize milk. He also found out how to cure rabies. If he hadn't made these contributions a lot of
people would have died. That is why I think Louis Pasteur made great contributions to society.
The first reason I think Louis Pasteur made more significant contributions is beacause he invented a
way to pasteurize milk. If he hadn't we might still be drinking milk that could kill us. Making milk
safe from Tuberculosis saved millions of people who could have died. This was a big contributions
to society.
The next reason I believe Louis Pasteur made
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78. Louis Pasteur Accomplishments
Louis Pasteur was incredible! I had heard about him before, and knew that he had made
advancements in the medical world, but before doing my research, I don't think I could have pin–
pointed exactly what he did. He was responsible for many significant discoveries, but the one I have
chosen to focus on is the study of bacteriology.
It all began when Louis Pasteur (who had made his mark in crystallography, and been hired as the
dean and professor at University of Lille) was approached in the 1850s by a man who was having
trouble with his sugar–beet juice going bad before he was able to distill alcohol from it. Because of
his previous work, this question intrigued him! Under his microscope, he was able to identify round
globules
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