Jump starting a vehicle

Jump start also called as Boost, is the method of starting vehicle with discharged battery by attaching a good battery of another vehicle or by any other external power source.
Jump starting a car refers to recharging a dead (uncharged) car battery just enough to get the starter motor rotating.

1. Jump starting a vehicle Shivleela s. angadi Adam center, pune 20/2/2019 1

2. Basics Jump start also called as Boost , is the method of starting vehicle with discharged battery by attaching a good battery of another vehicle or by any other external power source. Jump starting a car refers to recharging a dead (uncharged) car battery just enough to get the starter motor rotating . The external supply of electricity recharges the disabled battery and provides some power to crank the engine. To jump start a car, you need a second car with a fully charged battery; you then connect the positive terminals of each battery to each other, and the negative terminals to each other. 2

3. Circuit diagram 3 Fig. 1 . Jump starting of vehicle Source : www.google.com/search?q=jump+starting+of+vehicle

4. Components required for jumpstart 4 1 2 3 4 COMPONENTS: 1. Jumper cables 2. Good battery 3. Safety goggles 4. Safety gloves Fig. 2 : Components required for jumpstart Source : www.google.com

5. Procedure to jump start a vehicle 5

6. 1. Checking the Battery 6 Make sure the battery is the problem . Check the headlights. Are they dim or bright? ( Note that in some cars you will need to turn the ignition on to test the headlights). If they are dim, it's likely your battery is the culprit. If your headlights are bright, you do not have a dead battery and a jump start will not help. Ensure that the doors will unlock when you push the button on the key and/or try to open the door from the outside, the interior lights work, and the clock or GPS (if equipped) moves or powers on. Put the key in the ignition and see whether your dashboard lights up as usual. Test the stereo. In most cases, even with a low battery you should see some dashboard lights and get some sound out of the stereo. If you do not get a flicker out of your dashboard, you may have a problem with your  ignition switch. Try to  start the car. Does it turn over very slowly, or does it crank quickly? If it cranks quickly, you do not have a dead battery and a jump start will not help. If it cranks slowly, or not at all, you probably have a dead battery. Fig. 3 : checking the battery Source : https ://www.wikihow.com/Jump-Start-a-Car

7. 2. locate the Battery Open each car’s hood  and locate the battery.  On most cars, it will be near the front of the car on the right or left side, but on some cars the battery is located near the firewall between the engine and passenger compartment. In some cars the battery is located in the trunk. If unsure, check your car manual for location of the battery. Identify the positive and negative terminals . The positive terminal will be marked with a plus sign (+) and will usually have a red cable attached on it. The negative terminal will be marked with a minus sign (-) and will usually have a black cable attached to it. 7 Fig. 4 : Locate battery Source : https ://www.wikihow.com/Jump-Start-a-Car

8. 8 Park the working car near, but not touching, the disabled car.   Park the car in such a way that the distance between both car batteries is as small as possible. Turn off the engine, radio, lights, A/C, fans and all other electrical components.  Make sure that all of these things are off in the disabled car, too . Don't let the cars touch at all . If the cars are touching, jumping the battery can cause a dangerous electrical arc between the vehicles . Fig. 5 : Park both the cars Source : https ://www.wikihow.com/Jump-Start-a-Car 3 . Park working car near the disabled car

9. Put on safety gear (goggles and gloves) if you have it.   Inspect batteries for cracks, leaks or other damage. If you find any of these things, do not jump start the car. Call a tow truck instead or replace the battery . It may be necessary to remove the disabled automobile's battery cables from the battery terminals and clean both cables and terminals. Use a stiff wire brush to remove all corrosion. Reconnect the cables to the battery terminals and jump the car. Remove any positive (+) red post protective covers if applicable. 9 Fig. 6 : Safety measures 4 . Safety measures Source : https ://www.wikihow.com/Jump-Start-a-Car

10. Untangle and unwind your jumper cables.   Like your battery, your jumper cables will probably have red and black cables and will have heavy-duty clamps to connect to the battery terminals. You must make sure that the red and black ends of your jumper cables never touch each other once they are connected to the batteries; permitting them to do so can result in serious arcing and/or damage to one or both cars. 10 Fig. 7 : Safety measures Source : https://www.wikihow.com/Jump-Start-a-Car

11. Connect the jumper cables in the order described below : Connect one red clamp to the positive (+) terminal of the dead battery. Connect the other red clamp to the positive (+) terminal of the good battery. Connect one black clamp to the negative (-) terminal of the good battery. Connect the other black clamp to a piece of grounded metal on the dead car,  preferably  the bolt where the thick negative cable from the battery connects to the chassis. If this is not practical, look for shiny metal (not painted or oily) that is attached to the engine. Usually a nut, bolt or other protruding shiny metal will work. You may see a small spark when you connect to a good ground. As a last resort, you may connect to the negative (-) post of the dead battery, but this risks igniting hydrogen gas coming off the battery. Make sure none of the cables are dangling into the engine compartment, where they could be exposed to moving parts. 11 Fig. 8 : Battery Connections Source : https://www.wikihow.com/Jump-Start-a-Car 5. Battery connections

12. Start the working car.   Let it idle for a few minutes. Do not race the engine, but do rev the engine a little above idle for 30 to 60 seconds. You do this to charge the battery in the dead car, because the starter in the dead car will draw most of the required current (well in excess of 100 amps) from that battery,  not  through the cables. Common retail jumper cables are not built to pass the current required. Charging the dead battery is a must. If 30 seconds doesn't do it, try charging for the full 60 seconds by keeping the engine at a high idle. A good, clean connection between the battery cables and the battery terminals is essential. 12 6 . Start the working car Fig. 9 : Start the working car Source : https://www.wikihow.com/Jump-Start-a-Car

13. Try to start the disabled vehicle.   If it does not start, shut the engine off and disconnect the last connection temporarily while you  slightly twist or wiggle  each of the four clamps to help ensure a good electrical connection. Restart the working car again. Allow another five minutes for charging before attempting to start the disabled vehicle. If this does not work after a few tries, you may need to have the car towed or the  battery replaced. 13 7. Start the disabled car Fig. 10 : Start the disabled car Source : https://www.wikihow.com/Jump-Start-a-Car

14. Remove the jumper cables once the car starts.   Do this in the  reverse  of the order in which they were attached, and don't let any of the cables or clamps touch each other (or dangle into the engine compartment). Disconnect the black clamp from grounded metal on the dead car. Disconnect the black clamp from the negative (-) terminal of the good battery. Disconnect the red clamp from the positive (+) terminal of the good battery. Disconnect the red clamp from the positive (+) terminal of the dead battery. Replace any positive (+) red post protective covers if applicable. These covers help prevent accidental short circuiting the battery. 14 8 . Procedure to remove connections Fig. 11 : Procedure to remove connections Source : https://www.wikihow.com/Jump-Start-a-Car

15. 9. Disabled car in running condition Keep the recently-disabled car's engine running.   Run the car above idle (slightly revved up with your foot on the gas) for five minutes and then on or above idle for 20 minutes before turning it off. This should give the battery enough charge to start the car again. If it does not, you probably have a dead battery or a dying alternator. 15 Fig. 12 : Disabled car in running condition Source : https://www.wikihow.com/Jump-Start-a-Car

16. 16 Source : www.google.com/How-to-jump-start-vehicle How to Properly Jump Start a Car.mp4

17. What happens when you jumpstart your car the wrong way ? 17 What happens when you Jump Start your car the WRONG WAY!.mp4 Source : www.google.com/jump start car animation

18. Specifications of jumper cables Jumper cable gauge  refers to the thickness of the jumper cable’s wiring. A standard set of jumper cables has a gauge rating of six. The smaller the gauge rating, the thicker the cables are. The thicker the cables are, the more effective they’ll be. Nevertheless , a set of jumper cables with a gauge rating of eight should provide enough power to jump start most vehicles. For larger vehicles with larger batteries , it may be necessary to use a set of jumper cables with a gauge rating of six, or even four or two. The lower the gauge rating, the more expensive the cables tend to be . Thickness of Jumper cables varies with current carrying capacity. 18

19. FOR MOST CARS For most cars it is recommend to use 4 gauge jumper cables. 4 Gauge x 20 Ft 500A Heavy duty This set will crank 500 Amps and is 20 feet long FOR TRUCKS For heavy duty trucks, especially diesel it is recommend to use 1 gauge jumper cables . 1 Gauge x 25 Ft 800A Heavy duty This set of cables will crank 800 Amps and is 25 feet long. 19 Fig. 13 : 4 Gauge x 20 Ft Jumper cable Source : www.google.com/ 4 Gauge x 20 Ft Jumper cable Fig. 14 : 1 Gauge x 25 Ft Jumper cable Source : www.google.com / 1 Gauge x 25 Ft Jumper cable

20. Facts Jumper cables should not be used to interconnect between different voltage systems. Connecting 6V and 12V systems together may cause damage . If the dead battery is physically damaged, has a low  electrolyte  level, is decayed or frozen, a jump start will not repair the battery. A vehicle with a frozen battery should not be jump started, as the battery may explode. Jumper cables typically do not have overload protection, so when reversed they may become hot enough that the wire insulation begins to melt. If this continues without the problem being detected, the insulation may melt until the wires inside make contact, resulting in an unfused direct short of the supply battery. 20

21. Batteries die not because they lose voltage or the ability to store charge, but because resistance between the terminals increases as the internal electrodes corrode. In the case of car batteries, a fully charged battery will measure about 12.6 volts between the terminals, while a completely dead battery will measure 11.9 volts . Thus, there actually is a voltage between the two batteries which will conveniently cause charge to flow from the full battery to the dead one . 21

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