Jute fiber

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1. Jute fiber Jute is a long , soft , shiny vegetable fiber that can be spun into coarse. jute is a member of best fiber . Jute is also known as golden fiber . In contrast to most taxtile fiber which consist mainly cellulose . Jute fiber part cellulose and part lignin . Jute is therefor partly a wood . It has high tensely , strength , low extensibility and ensures better breath ability of fabrics . Jute fiber is 100% bio-degradable and recyclable and thus environmentally friendly.

2. Major jute growing countries Jute is a caltivated on a large scale (65-70%) in Bangladesh India Africa Brazil Indo-china Japan Mayanmer Nepal

3. Classification of jute plant There are 40 species of jute in where following 6 species are common: Corchorus capsularis Corchorus olitorius Corchorus fuscus Corchorus decumanglatus Corchorus monpoxensis Corchorus japanicus

4. Types of jute Jute products fall into our classes of manufacture: HESSIAN OR BURLAP SACKING CANVAS JUTE YARN AND TWINE

5. Jute cultivation Jute is a rainy season crop , sown from march to may occording to rainfall and type of land . It is harvested from june to September depending upon whether the sowing ar early or late.

6. Grading of jute By the term grading of jute we mean the assortment of raw jute according to their quality . Fiber characteristics which influences grading of jute to higher or low standard are – Length Strength Fineness Uniformity in color Cleanliness

7. Chemical composition Cellulose = 65.2% Hemi cellulose = 22.2% Lignin = 10.8% Fats and wax = 0.3% Water = 1.5%

8. Chemical structure Jute is a cellulose fiber . Its repeating unit is cellubiose , jute is composed of 65% cellulose and 35% natural waxes , oils and lignin.

9. Micro properties of jute fiber Ultimate length = 1.5 to 4mm Diamiter = 0.015 to 0.002mm Length = 150-300cm Length width ratio = 90:1 contain 6 to 20 ultimate in cross section . Color = yellow to brown to grey Cross-section = oval

10. Physical properties of jute fiber parameters values/result tenacity 3.4-4.5 length 0.2-30inch Stretch and elasticity Not good resiliency Not very good Abrasion resistance Relatively good Moisture regain 13.75% Specific gravity 1.48-1.50 Dimensional stability good Color Yellowish,yellow,brown,golden Heat resistance good Specific heat 0.324 Diamiter 18 micron

11. Chemical Properties of Jute Fibre Constituents (in % of Bone Dry Weight of the Fibre )                Jute     C . capsularis C. olitorius   Alphacellulose 60.0 – 63.0 58.0 - 59.0   Hemicellulose 21.0 – 24.0 22.0 – 25.0   Lignin 12.0 – 13.0 13.0 – 14.0   Fats & Waxes 0.4 – 1.0 0.4 – 0.9   Pectin 0.2 – 1.5 0.2 – 0.5   Proteins / Nitrogenous matter, etc.   0.80 – 1.9 0.8 – 1.6 Ash 0.7 – 1.2 0.5 – 1.2 The chemical composition of jute fibres and sticks are given in the following tables Table: Chemical composition of jute fibre

12. Table: Chemical composition of jute sticks Constituents Jute Stick (in % of Bone Dry Weight of the Fibre ) Alphacellulose 40.8-47.5 Hemicellulose 23.0-23.6 Acetyl Content 3.6-4.7 Lignin 22.2-23.5 Fats & Waxes 1.7-2.4 Pectin 0.5-0.7 Ash 0.6-0.8

13. Defects of jute fiber Rooty fiber : this problem is caused by improper decomposition or retting of jute . Specky fiber : improper retting and washing causes foreign materials to stuck with the fiber and spot is created . Croppy fiber : the fiber is the top of the plant become sticky and rough . If the plants don’t immerse in to the water properly while retting can cause this problem . Weak fiber : over ratting ,bundling in wet condition storing for long time reduces fiber strength can cause this problem . Sticky fiber : if fiber is collected from immature plant the stick of the plant may come with the fiber while fiber collected .

14. Uses of Jute Twine and Rope . A very popular use: jute fibers are used alone or blended with other types of fibers to make twine and rope.

15. Paper- Jute fibers can be turned into pulp and paper and with increasing concern over forest destruction for the wood pulp used to make most paper, the importance of jute for this purpose may increase. Fabrics. Jute can be used for Hessian cloth, sacking, scrim, carpet backing cloth (CBC), canvas and even blended to make silk. Hessian, lighter than sacking, is used for bags, wrappers, wall-coverings, upholstery, and home furnishings. Sacking, a fabric made of heavy jute fibers, has its use in the name. CBC made of jute comes in two types.

16. Floor coverings consist of woven, tufted and piled carpets. Jute non- wovens and composites can be used for underlay, linoleum substrate, and more.

17. JUTE PRODUCTION Jute can be grown in 4–6 months with a huge amount of cellulose being produced from the jute hurd that can meet most of the wood needs of the world. Jute is the major crop among others that is able to protect deforestation. Jute is one of the most environmentally-friendly fibers. The expired fibers can be recycled more than once .

18. Thank’s To All