Juvenile delinquency

social problems in India

1. J uvenile delinquency Sub:-Social Problems in India Presented by:- ALLWIN THOMAS N T

2. Juvenile Delinquency Delinquency is a kind of abnormality. When an individual deviates from the course of normal social life, his behaviour is called delinquency Juvenile delinquency is a type of abnormal or anti social behaviour by a juvenile who is below an age specified by statute ‘ Juvenile delinquency’ applies to the “violation of criminal code and /or pursuit of certain patterns of behaviour disapproved for children and young adolescents” (Reckless-1956)

3. Characteristics (India) The delinquency rates are much higher among boys than among girls The delinquency rates tend to be highest during early adolescence (12-16 year age group) Juvenile delinquency is more an urban than a rural phenomenon. Children living with parents and guardians are found to be more involved in the juvenile crime Low educational background is the prime attribute for delinquency Poor economic background is another important characteristics of juvenile delinquency in india More juvenile delinquents are first offenders

4. Types of delinquency Howard Becker has referred to four types of delinquencies Individual delinquency Only one individual is involved in committing a delinquent act Cause is located within the individual delinquent Group – supported delinquency The delinquencies are committed in companionship with others and cause is located not in the personality of the individual or in the delinquent’s family

5. Organized delinquency The delinquencies that are committed by developing formally organized groups Situational delinquency Situational delinquency is not deeply rooted Because of less developed impulse controls and /or because of lesser reinforcement of family restraints

6. Causes of delinquency Causes are divided into two groups a) Individual factors b) Situational factors Individual factors (Personality traits ) Submissiveness, defiance, hostility, impulsiveness, feeling of in security, fear, lack of self control and emotional conflicts

7. Situational factor Family Parent’s discipline, parent’s affection, cohesiveness of family, conduct – standards of home, substitute parents, economic condition of family, broken homes, affection of siblings Peer group relation School environment Adjustment to school mates, attitudes towards school, failure in classes or academic interests Movies Working environment

8. Preventive Programes Organizing activities that contribute to healthy personality development and adjustments of children General improvements in the institutional structure of the society ( family, neighbourhood , school) Raising the income levels of poverty- stricken families Establishing schools Providing recreational facilities in neighbourhoods Improving marital relations through family counseling services and family social work Imparting moral and social education

9. Controlling environment of children contributing to delinquency Community organization and the efforts of child care agencies Organizing specific preventive service for children Remand or Observation homes, Reformatory schools Borstal schools Probation hostels

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