Kala azar

dermatology

1. kala azar, black fever, sandfly
disease, Dum-Dum fever and
espundia.
SYNONYMS

2. INDIA
•WEST BENGAL
•ANDHRA PRADESH
•BIHAR
•ASSAM
•EASTERN UP
• TAMIL NADU
•JHARKHAND

3. •1756;Russel:The first description in
English

•1898;Borovsky noted the protozoal
nature of the organism

•1903;Leishman identified the parasite

•1903;Donovan described identical
organisms in a splenic puncture


PIONEERING WORK

4. LEISHMANIA PARASITES AND DISEASES
DiseaseSPECIES

Cutaneous leishmaniasis

*Leishmania tropica
*Leishmania major
Leishmania aethiopica
Leishmania mexicana
Mucocutaneous
leishmaniasis
Leishmania braziliensis

Visceral leishmaniasis
*Leishmania donovani
*Leishmania infantum
Leishmania chagasi
Endemic in Saudi Arabia *

5. LIFE CYCLE

6. PROMASTIGOTES OF
LEISHMANIA
AMASTIGOTE OF
LEISHMANIA

7. VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS
[“KALA AZAR”]

8. [PHLEBOTOMUS]

9. ▪ Secondary infections[ TB; Pn; GE; Measles; Amoebic]
; Diarrhea

11. • LFT Derangement

12. MONTENEGRO TEST

16. M
IL
TI
F
O
SI
N
E

17. SPECIAL SITUATIONS


[Atypical presentation; Florid Parasite Infestation;
Relapses; Difficult Eradication]

18. RESPONSE TO TREATMENT
•Weight; Albumin; Hb. Best markers for
response
•Time Frame:
1-2 wks; clinical
3-4 wks: Biochemical
1-2 yrs: Splenomegaly

19. ; Indian
MONTHS
treated

24. STRATEGIES
•Interruption of transmission by
reducing vector population – Indoor
Residual Insecticides
•Early diagnosis & treatment
•Health education programme
•Capacity Building
•Supervision, Monitoring, Evaluation