Kaviya sri

diseases of ber

1. COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY Affiliated to Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore Kullapuram, Via Vaigai dam, Theni-625 562 DISEASES OF BER Course Teacher: Submitted by: Dr. Parthasarathy . S S.Kaviya Sri, Asst. Prof., (Plant Pathology). 2015021059.

2. BER Other names : Indian Jujube, Jujube Scientific Name : Ziziphus mauritiana Family : Rhamnaceae © https://www.google.com

3. Diseases of ber Powdery Mildew – Oidium erysiphoides f . sp. zizyphi Leaf spot - Alternaria chartarum Rust - Phakopsora zizyphi f. sp. e llipsoides Soft rot - Phomopsis natsume

4. Ber Powdery Mildew Oidium erysiphoides   f. sp.  zizyphi Kingdom :Fungi Division : Ascomycota Class : Ascomycetes Order : Erysiphales Family : Erysiphaceae Genus : Oidium Species : Oidium erysiphoides   f. sp.  zizyphi

5. Symptoms: A white powdery mass on developing young leaves and later shrink and defoliate. Small, white powdery growth appear on the young fruits which later enlarge and coalesce and finally turn brown to dark brown.

6. In severe cases, the whole fruit surface gets covered with the powdery mass. Affected young fruits drop off prematurely or become corky, cracked, mis-shapen and underdeveloped. Matured fruits turn rusty. Sometimes the whole crop is rendered unmarketable.

7. SYMPTOM: ©https://www.apsnet.org

8. Pathogen: The fungal mycelium become external on the host while conidiophore are oidium type, upright single, measuring 75.8-139.4 × 12.6 mm . Conidia are cylindrical, hyaline, measuring about 25.2 - 37.8 × 16.8 - 21.0 mm with scars . Conidia of this fungus germinates and form appressoria after 2-4 hours at 20 ± 2º C in most saturated atmosphere, where sporulation starts 96 hours after inoculation on susceptible ber leaves.

9. The disease appears by the end of October and prevails up to April. © www.sciencedirect.com

10. Life cycle © https://www.google.com/search?q=powdery+mildew+of+ber+disease+cycle

11. Favourable conditions: Temperature: 10-30º C Mode of spread : Primary spread: Infected plant debris Secondary spread: Air borne conidia

12. Management: Spraying of D inocap 0.05% or W ettable S ulphur 0.25% or Carbendazim 0.1% should be done during first and third weeks of November or when the fruit attains pea size. Triton-AE or Teepol or Sandovit may be added for adhesion.

13. Alternaria   leaf spot Alternaria chartarum © www.farms.com

14. Symptoms: The disease is characterised by the formation of small irregular brown spot on the upper surface of the leaves. On the lower surface dark brown to black spots are formed. The spots coalesce to form big patches. The diseased leaves later drop.

15. Conidia can range from obovoid to short ellipsoidal, with colors of golden brown to blackish brown © inspq.qc.ca

16. Primary spread: Infected plant debris Management: The disease can be controlled effectively by spraying Mancozeb 0.25 per cent.

17. Rust Phakopsora zizyphi f. sp. ellipsoides Synonym: Uredo zizyphi Brown coloured telia is emerged from the infected tissues and produces several teliospores and uredospores . It survives through teliospores .

18. Symptoms: Cinnamon brown colour raised rusty pustules appears on the surface of leaves, stem and fruits.

19. Mode of spread: Primary spread: Uredospores Favourable condition: Light humid weather

20. Management : Mancozeb + Metalaxyl - 0.2% Carbendazim - 0.1% can be used to control this disease.

21. Soft rot   Phomopsis natsume Kingdom: Fungi Division: Ascomycota Class: Sordariomycetes Order: Diaporthales Family: Valsaceae Genus: Phomopsis Species: Phomopsis natsume

22. Symptoms: The disease appears as a light russet vinaceous coloured , irregular spot on the fruits. It increases in size and make the whole fruit into pulpy, brown to black in colour with soft and loose outer skin. © http://agritech.tnau.ac.in

23. Management : The disease can be-controlled by spraying with Carbendazim 0.05 per cent.