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May 13, 2025
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काय चिकक�सा 1 (A)
काय, चिकक�सा &
कायचिकक�सा
आवरण मनस &
मानचसक रोग
धातु �दोषज चवकार
चिकक�सा ितु�पाद सामा�यज &
नाना�मज चवकार
Nutritional deficiency
disorders रोगी रोग परी�ा
कियाकाल Importance of दोष-
दू�याकद in चिकक�सा
वाधध�यज�य चवकार
वृचि & �य of दोष
– धातु – मल
इच�िय�दोषज चवकार
चिचवधोपिम Alzheimer’s disease
ओज षड् चवधोपिम Sleep disorders
साम – चनराम शोधन & शमन General debility
रोगानु�पच�िकर चिकक�सा चनदान पररवजधन Genetic factors
रोग �शमन चिकक�सा औषध मा�ा Environmental factors
दोषोपिम औषध सेवन काल Iatrogenic factors
�थाना�तर दोष &
लीन दोष
अनुपान Drug allergy
प�य-अप�य Food allergy
काय, चिकक�सा &
कायचिकक�सा
आवरण मनस &
मानचसक रोग
धातु �दोषज चवकार
चिकक�सा ितु�पाद सामा�यज &
नाना�मज चवकार
Nutritional deficiency
disorders रोगी रोग परी�ा
कियाकाल Importance of दोष-
दू�याकद in चिकक�सा
वाधध�यज�य चवकार
वृचि & �य of दोष
– धातु – मल
इच�िय�दोषज चवकार
चिचवधोपिम Alzheimer’s disease
ओज षड् चवधोपिम Sleep disorders
साम – चनराम शोधन & शमन General debility
रोगानु�पच�िकर चिकक�सा चनदान पररवजधन Genetic factors
रोग �शमन चिकक�सा औषध मा�ा Environmental factors
दोषोपिम औषध सेवन काल Iatrogenic factors
�थाना�तर दोष &
लीन दोष
अनुपान Drug allergy
प�य-अप�य Food allergy
Rabin Singh
1 Chikitsa
काय, चिकक�सा & कायचिकक�सा
काय
चन�चि (Etymology of Kaya)
िीयते�ाकदच � इचत काय� ।
The term ‘Kaya’ means nourishment and building up of the body with
ingested food.
िीयते �श�तदोषधातुमल � इचत काय� ।
Kaya or the body forms dosha, dhatu and mala after assimilation of food.
जाठर� �ाचणनामाचन� काय इ�यच चधयते ।
काय�य अ�तरने� .....।
The digestive fire of the human body is also known as ‘Kaya’. The term
‘Kaya’ denotes the meaning of whole process of metabolism.
पयाधय (Synonyms of Kaya)
अथ कलेवरं गा�ं वपु� संहननं शरीर ब�मध चव�ह� ।
कायो देह� �लीव पुंसो चियां मू�तध�तनु�तनू ॥ (अमरकोश)
1. कलेवर Effect of combination of shukra and shonita.
2. गा� That which moves.
3. वपु That which carries.
4. संहनन Formed by the proper combination of pancha-mahabhoota.
5. शरीर That which undergoes destruction continuously.
6. ब�मध That which has the capacity to reproduce.
7. चव�ह� That which receives sukha and dukha.
8. काय That which gets nourishment with ingested food.
9. देह That which grows continuously.
10. �लीव That which has capacity to copulate.
11. पु�ष Male.
12. िी Female.
13. मू�तध That which has shape.
14. तनु That which expands.
15. तनू That which grows and expands with proper nourishment.
ेद (Types of Kaya)
Kaya can be classified on the basis of following factors
1. मानचसक �कृचत, 2. शारीररक or दोषज �कृचत, 3. सार
काय ेद
मानचसक �कृचत शारीररक �कृचत सार
साचववक राजचसक तामचसक वाचतक �वक् सार
प चिक रिसार
�ा� आसुर पाशव कफज मांससार
माहे�ि रा�स मा��य ि�िज मेदसार
या�य प शाि वान�प�य च�दोषसम अच�थसार
वा�ण सापध म�ासार
कौबेर �ेत शुिसार
गा�धवध शाकुन सववसार
आषध
काय- ेद based on मानचसक �कृचत 16
(A) साचववक काय 7
Individuals of a sattvik kaya possess a good intellect and memory and
have an inherent instinct for cleanliness. Although they usually have
good amount of knowledge, they always make efforts to get more. They
possess a good will and allow others to prosper well. They are polite and
have faith in the divine and devotion to the good.
1 Chikitsa
काय, चिकक�सा & कायचिकक�सा
काय
चन�चि (Etymology of Kaya)
िीयते�ाकदच � इचत काय� ।
The term ‘Kaya’ means nourishment and building up of the body with
ingested food.
िीयते �श�तदोषधातुमल � इचत काय� ।
Kaya or the body forms dosha, dhatu and mala after assimilation of food.
जाठर� �ाचणनामाचन� काय इ�यच चधयते ।
काय�य अ�तरने� .....।
The digestive fire of the human body is also known as ‘Kaya’. The term
‘Kaya’ denotes the meaning of whole process of metabolism.
पयाधय (Synonyms of Kaya)
अथ कलेवरं गा�ं वपु� संहननं शरीर ब�मध चव�ह� ।
कायो देह� �लीव पुंसो चियां मू�तध�तनु�तनू ॥ (अमरकोश)
1. कलेवर Effect of combination of shukra and shonita.
2. गा� That which moves.
3. वपु That which carries.
4. संहनन Formed by the proper combination of pancha-mahabhoota.
5. शरीर That which undergoes destruction continuously.
6. ब�मध That which has the capacity to reproduce.
7. चव�ह� That which receives sukha and dukha.
8. काय That which gets nourishment with ingested food.
9. देह That which grows continuously.
10. �लीव That which has capacity to copulate.
11. पु�ष Male.
12. िी Female.
13. मू�तध That which has shape.
14. तनु That which expands.
15. तनू That which grows and expands with proper nourishment.
ेद (Types of Kaya)
Kaya can be classified on the basis of following factors
1. मानचसक �कृचत, 2. शारीररक or दोषज �कृचत, 3. सार
काय ेद
मानचसक �कृचत शारीररक �कृचत सार
साचववक राजचसक तामचसक वाचतक �वक् सार
प चिक रिसार
�ा� आसुर पाशव कफज मांससार
माहे�ि रा�स मा��य ि�िज मेदसार
या�य प शाि वान�प�य च�दोषसम अच�थसार
वा�ण सापध म�ासार
कौबेर �ेत शुिसार
गा�धवध शाकुन सववसार
आषध
काय- ेद based on मानचसक �कृचत 16
(A) साचववक काय 7
Individuals of a sattvik kaya possess a good intellect and memory and
have an inherent instinct for cleanliness. Although they usually have
good amount of knowledge, they always make efforts to get more. They
possess a good will and allow others to prosper well. They are polite and
have faith in the divine and devotion to the good.
Rabin Singh
2 Chikitsa
1. �ा� काय Respectable, authoritative, free from passion and anger.
Possessing the knowledge and the power of discrimination.
2. माहे�ि काय Devotion to sacred books, studies rituals and oblations.
Has good farsightedness, and strong courage. Knowledgable and
has authoritative behavior and speech.
3. या�य काय Free from mean and conflicting desires and acts. Having
initiative and excellent memory as well as leadership. Free from
emotional binds, hatred, ignorance and envy. Has good capacity for
timely action.
4. वा�ण काय Good looking, lovable, free from mean acts, exhibits
emotions in its proper place. Observes all religious rites.
5. कौबेर काय Enjoys pleasure in recreation but has liking for virtuous
acts and purity. Has good courage, patience and hatred for impure
thoughts.
6. गा�धवध काय Possession of wealth, attendants and luxuries. Likes
music, dance and all kinds of arts. Also fond of poetry, stories and
epics. Takes pleasure in various perfumes, good clothes, garlands
and flowers. Full of passion.
7. आषध काय Religious, following all the rituals in correct manner,
having excellent memory, purity, love and self control. Free from
pride, ignorance, greed or anger. Possessing the power of
understanding and retention.
(B) राजचसक काय 6
Those of a rajasika kaya have a nature that tries to overpower others.
They are not satisfied with the positions and possessions they achieve,
and therefore always strive for more. Hence they are ambitious and
industrious in nature. Usually these people are short-tempered and
egoistic. They have a brave but jealous and cruel character.
8. आसुर काय Has great pleasure in self-praise. He is very brave but
cruel and full of envy as well as ruthless. He may have appearance
that can create terror in others. Likes physical and verbal disguise.
9. रा�स काय He has constant behavior, which is full of cruel activity,
anger and intolerance. Likes to eat, drink and sleep too much.
10. प शाि काय Has unclean habits. Also likes to eat and drink, but has
abnormal diet and daily regimen. Likes opposite sex.
11. सापध काय He may have brave or cowardly attitude. Has sharp
reactions for others comments. Many times has fearful disposition.
12. �ेत काय Has envious character, is greedy and actions which are
without discrimination. Also has excessive desire for food.
13. शाकुन काय He is full of passion. The character is unsteady but
ruthless and has excessive appetite.
(C) तामचसक काय 3
Those of a tamasika kaya are lazy and arrogant – both physically and
mentally. Consequently they are not curious about anything. Usually
they have lesser intelligence. They prefer not to work and are interested
mainly in eating, drinking, and sleeping. They avoid cleanliness and are
not health conscious. They are afraid of many things; hence they do not
initiate any work on their own.
14. पाशव काय His behavior is like animal. He lacks normal intelligence.
Has excessive indulgence in sex and sleep.
15. मा��य काय He has unsteady character, with constant passion and
is coward in nature. Has excessive desire for intake of water and
other drinks.
16. वान�प�य काय He also lacks natural intelligence and has excessive
indulgence in food and drinks. He jas no interest in arts and science
as well as scientific achievements.
2 Chikitsa
1. �ा� काय Respectable, authoritative, free from passion and anger.
Possessing the knowledge and the power of discrimination.
2. माहे�ि काय Devotion to sacred books, studies rituals and oblations.
Has good farsightedness, and strong courage. Knowledgable and
has authoritative behavior and speech.
3. या�य काय Free from mean and conflicting desires and acts. Having
initiative and excellent memory as well as leadership. Free from
emotional binds, hatred, ignorance and envy. Has good capacity for
timely action.
4. वा�ण काय Good looking, lovable, free from mean acts, exhibits
emotions in its proper place. Observes all religious rites.
5. कौबेर काय Enjoys pleasure in recreation but has liking for virtuous
acts and purity. Has good courage, patience and hatred for impure
thoughts.
6. गा�धवध काय Possession of wealth, attendants and luxuries. Likes
music, dance and all kinds of arts. Also fond of poetry, stories and
epics. Takes pleasure in various perfumes, good clothes, garlands
and flowers. Full of passion.
7. आषध काय Religious, following all the rituals in correct manner,
having excellent memory, purity, love and self control. Free from
pride, ignorance, greed or anger. Possessing the power of
understanding and retention.
(B) राजचसक काय 6
Those of a rajasika kaya have a nature that tries to overpower others.
They are not satisfied with the positions and possessions they achieve,
and therefore always strive for more. Hence they are ambitious and
industrious in nature. Usually these people are short-tempered and
egoistic. They have a brave but jealous and cruel character.
8. आसुर काय Has great pleasure in self-praise. He is very brave but
cruel and full of envy as well as ruthless. He may have appearance
that can create terror in others. Likes physical and verbal disguise.
9. रा�स काय He has constant behavior, which is full of cruel activity,
anger and intolerance. Likes to eat, drink and sleep too much.
10. प शाि काय Has unclean habits. Also likes to eat and drink, but has
abnormal diet and daily regimen. Likes opposite sex.
11. सापध काय He may have brave or cowardly attitude. Has sharp
reactions for others comments. Many times has fearful disposition.
12. �ेत काय Has envious character, is greedy and actions which are
without discrimination. Also has excessive desire for food.
13. शाकुन काय He is full of passion. The character is unsteady but
ruthless and has excessive appetite.
(C) तामचसक काय 3
Those of a tamasika kaya are lazy and arrogant – both physically and
mentally. Consequently they are not curious about anything. Usually
they have lesser intelligence. They prefer not to work and are interested
mainly in eating, drinking, and sleeping. They avoid cleanliness and are
not health conscious. They are afraid of many things; hence they do not
initiate any work on their own.
14. पाशव काय His behavior is like animal. He lacks normal intelligence.
Has excessive indulgence in sex and sleep.
15. मा��य काय He has unsteady character, with constant passion and
is coward in nature. Has excessive desire for intake of water and
other drinks.
16. वान�प�य काय He also lacks natural intelligence and has excessive
indulgence in food and drinks. He jas no interest in arts and science
as well as scientific achievements.
Rabin Singh
3 Chikitsa
काय- ेद based on शारीररक / दोषज �कृचत 7
1. वाचतक �कृचत
शारीररक ल�ण Dry, lean, small body with prominent veins and tendons,
voice is longdrawn, dry, low, broken, hallow and hoarse. Restless
movement of joints, eyes, eyebrows, jaws, lips, hands, feet etc. Rough
hair, nails, teeth, cracked limbs, joints produces sound while walking.
Vata Prakriti Purushas are having less strength, short life span, less
wealth and progeny.
मानचसक ल�ण Always wakeful, inconsistant behavior, variation of
moods, quick in grasping and forgetting, ungrateful, jealous, thievish,
unsteady in nfriendship, quickly affected by fear, like music, gambling
and hunting. Short tempered, grinds his teeth during sleep.
2. प चिक �कृचत
शारीररक ल�ण Soft, delicated body with many moles, spots and
pimples, flabby and soft joints and limbs, colour of the body is
gouravavarna (fair), nails, eyes, tongue, palate, lips, palm and sole arw
coppery colour. Eyes are small and unsteady with less lashes, desire of
cold things, profusely sweating with strong offensive smell from the
body. Frequently passing urine and faeces. Early wrinkles, grey hair and
baldness, less hairs with brownish colour and soft.
मानचसक ल�ण Incapable to bear sufferings, irritable temper, intelligent
and scholar, quick grasping mind, makes lengthy speech, brave, never
overpowered by fear, dislikes sunlight and hot things. These persons are
having moderate knowledge, experience, wealth, strength, and lifespan,
small quantity of semen. Limited sex, appetite and offspring.
3. कफज �कृचत
शारीररक ल�ण Pleasant look, dark complexion, firm and well
interlocking joints, stable and strong body, attractive appearance,
smooth, plump and rounded limbs, stable movements, deep thundering
voice, talks less, strong, curly, black, plenty of hairs, sleeps more, eyes
are red with a slight red tinge in the corners, he has profuse semen,
more desire for sexual act, more children, very little perspiration. Kapha
prakriti persons possess good strength, wealth, knowledge, vitality,
gentleness and long life span.
मानचसक ल�ण He is self controlled forbearing, unselfish and strong
mentality. He has no hurry in taking decisions and giving opinions. He is
fast in his enemity, but unflinching and unchanging in his friendship. He
is grateful, humble and not having excessive desire towards wordly
things. He bears hunger, thirst, suffering and sunlight. He has a dignified
nature, respectful towards his superiors, obedient to his teachres, makes
large gifts after long delibration.
4. 5. & 6. ि�िज �कृचत (वात-चपि, वात-कफ, चपि-कफ)
Mixed lakshanas of two doshas.
7. च�दोषज सम �कृचत
Mixed lakshanas of three doshas.
काय- ेद based on सार 8
1. �वक् सार पु�ष Tvaksara or rasasara purusha has got soft, smooth,
thin, shining skin & hairs. They are happy, healthy & wealthy,
intelligent, charming & soft nature, and log life.
3 Chikitsa
काय- ेद based on शारीररक / दोषज �कृचत 7
1. वाचतक �कृचत
शारीररक ल�ण Dry, lean, small body with prominent veins and tendons,
voice is longdrawn, dry, low, broken, hallow and hoarse. Restless
movement of joints, eyes, eyebrows, jaws, lips, hands, feet etc. Rough
hair, nails, teeth, cracked limbs, joints produces sound while walking.
Vata Prakriti Purushas are having less strength, short life span, less
wealth and progeny.
मानचसक ल�ण Always wakeful, inconsistant behavior, variation of
moods, quick in grasping and forgetting, ungrateful, jealous, thievish,
unsteady in nfriendship, quickly affected by fear, like music, gambling
and hunting. Short tempered, grinds his teeth during sleep.
2. प चिक �कृचत
शारीररक ल�ण Soft, delicated body with many moles, spots and
pimples, flabby and soft joints and limbs, colour of the body is
gouravavarna (fair), nails, eyes, tongue, palate, lips, palm and sole arw
coppery colour. Eyes are small and unsteady with less lashes, desire of
cold things, profusely sweating with strong offensive smell from the
body. Frequently passing urine and faeces. Early wrinkles, grey hair and
baldness, less hairs with brownish colour and soft.
मानचसक ल�ण Incapable to bear sufferings, irritable temper, intelligent
and scholar, quick grasping mind, makes lengthy speech, brave, never
overpowered by fear, dislikes sunlight and hot things. These persons are
having moderate knowledge, experience, wealth, strength, and lifespan,
small quantity of semen. Limited sex, appetite and offspring.
3. कफज �कृचत
शारीररक ल�ण Pleasant look, dark complexion, firm and well
interlocking joints, stable and strong body, attractive appearance,
smooth, plump and rounded limbs, stable movements, deep thundering
voice, talks less, strong, curly, black, plenty of hairs, sleeps more, eyes
are red with a slight red tinge in the corners, he has profuse semen,
more desire for sexual act, more children, very little perspiration. Kapha
prakriti persons possess good strength, wealth, knowledge, vitality,
gentleness and long life span.
मानचसक ल�ण He is self controlled forbearing, unselfish and strong
mentality. He has no hurry in taking decisions and giving opinions. He is
fast in his enemity, but unflinching and unchanging in his friendship. He
is grateful, humble and not having excessive desire towards wordly
things. He bears hunger, thirst, suffering and sunlight. He has a dignified
nature, respectful towards his superiors, obedient to his teachres, makes
large gifts after long delibration.
4. 5. & 6. ि�िज �कृचत (वात-चपि, वात-कफ, चपि-कफ)
Mixed lakshanas of two doshas.
7. च�दोषज सम �कृचत
Mixed lakshanas of three doshas.
काय- ेद based on सार 8
1. �वक् सार पु�ष Tvaksara or rasasara purusha has got soft, smooth,
thin, shining skin & hairs. They are happy, healthy & wealthy,
intelligent, charming & soft nature, and log life.
Rabin Singh
4 Chikitsa
2. रिसार पु�ष Nakha (nails), nayana (eyes), taalu (palate), jihva
(tongue), ostha (lips), paani (palms), padatala (soles) are so soft and
tamra (coppery) or red coloured. Rakta sara purushas are always
happy, enthusiastic, and intelligent. Soft nature, less strength. They
are unable to withstand stress and strain.
3. मांससार पु�ष No depressions are seen in the body that means body
is round and highly muscular. Bones are completely surrounded by
muscles and not visible, body is heavy. These persons are
courageous, forgiving in nature. Healthy, firm, solid, happy and have
good life span.
4. मेदोसार पु�ष These persons sweat more and voice is soft. Huge
body but they are unable to withstand stress and strain. Healthy,
wealthy, happy, helping and serving in nature.
5. अच�थसार पु�ष These persons’ head and shoulder are big in size
and their teeth, nails, mandibular joint and bone are so strong. These
persons look very enthusiastic, active and will have good endurance
and strong body.
6. म�ासार पु�ष Majjasara purushas are not lean, having good
strength, smooth & deep voice, large eyes, and wealthy. Having
pleasant colour with bulky, long and round joints. They possess long
life span, good physical stamina and scientific and literary
knowledge. They have good progeny and social dignity.
7. शुिसार पु�ष Shukrasara persons are soft with solid strong bones,
teeth and nails are white, has excessive desire for coitus. They
possess healthy progeny many in number, pleasant looks, charming
face, and the eyes look as if floating in pure milk. Overwhelming
enthusiastic, attractive voice, pleasant colour and broad buttocks.
8. सववसार पु�ष These persons are having excellent working, thinking,
analyzing ability, and has high aims and ambitions which are
properly planned. They are strong and happy. They can withstand all
types of stress and strain. They are confident in doing all their work;
they take Sukha-dukha, Maan-apamaan, J ay-parajay equally.
Lifespan is long, and they have got respectable place in the society.
चिकक�सा
चन�चि (Etymology of Chikitsa)
ककत् रोगापनयने ।
The word chikitsa is formed by the root word ‘kit rogapanayane’ that
means removal of disease.
चिकक�सा �क् �चतकिया ।
Chikitsa is that which prevents and cures the painful conditions.
या किया �ाचधहरणी सा चिकक�सा चनग�ते ।
Chikitsa is the procedure that which destroys or removes disease.
पयाधय (Synonyms of Chikitsa)
चिककच�सतं �ाचधहरं प�यं साधनमौषधम् ।
�ायचििं �शमनं �कृचत�थापनं चहतम् ॥ (ि.चि.1/3)
1. चिककच�सतं method of treatment
2. �ाचधहरं which cures disease
3. प�यं wholesome, and which is beneficial for the srotas
4. साधनं an instrument for treatment
5. औषधं which cures disease
6. �ायचििं daivavyapashraya viz. pooja, bali, upahara etc.
7. �शमनं subsides or pacifies the disease
8. �कृचत�थापनं brings the vitiated dosha to normal state
9. चहतं beneficial to both body and mind
4 Chikitsa
2. रिसार पु�ष Nakha (nails), nayana (eyes), taalu (palate), jihva
(tongue), ostha (lips), paani (palms), padatala (soles) are so soft and
tamra (coppery) or red coloured. Rakta sara purushas are always
happy, enthusiastic, and intelligent. Soft nature, less strength. They
are unable to withstand stress and strain.
3. मांससार पु�ष No depressions are seen in the body that means body
is round and highly muscular. Bones are completely surrounded by
muscles and not visible, body is heavy. These persons are
courageous, forgiving in nature. Healthy, firm, solid, happy and have
good life span.
4. मेदोसार पु�ष These persons sweat more and voice is soft. Huge
body but they are unable to withstand stress and strain. Healthy,
wealthy, happy, helping and serving in nature.
5. अच�थसार पु�ष These persons’ head and shoulder are big in size
and their teeth, nails, mandibular joint and bone are so strong. These
persons look very enthusiastic, active and will have good endurance
and strong body.
6. म�ासार पु�ष Majjasara purushas are not lean, having good
strength, smooth & deep voice, large eyes, and wealthy. Having
pleasant colour with bulky, long and round joints. They possess long
life span, good physical stamina and scientific and literary
knowledge. They have good progeny and social dignity.
7. शुिसार पु�ष Shukrasara persons are soft with solid strong bones,
teeth and nails are white, has excessive desire for coitus. They
possess healthy progeny many in number, pleasant looks, charming
face, and the eyes look as if floating in pure milk. Overwhelming
enthusiastic, attractive voice, pleasant colour and broad buttocks.
8. सववसार पु�ष These persons are having excellent working, thinking,
analyzing ability, and has high aims and ambitions which are
properly planned. They are strong and happy. They can withstand all
types of stress and strain. They are confident in doing all their work;
they take Sukha-dukha, Maan-apamaan, J ay-parajay equally.
Lifespan is long, and they have got respectable place in the society.
चिकक�सा
चन�चि (Etymology of Chikitsa)
ककत् रोगापनयने ।
The word chikitsa is formed by the root word ‘kit rogapanayane’ that
means removal of disease.
चिकक�सा �क् �चतकिया ।
Chikitsa is that which prevents and cures the painful conditions.
या किया �ाचधहरणी सा चिकक�सा चनग�ते ।
Chikitsa is the procedure that which destroys or removes disease.
पयाधय (Synonyms of Chikitsa)
चिककच�सतं �ाचधहरं प�यं साधनमौषधम् ।
�ायचििं �शमनं �कृचत�थापनं चहतम् ॥ (ि.चि.1/3)
1. चिककच�सतं method of treatment
2. �ाचधहरं which cures disease
3. प�यं wholesome, and which is beneficial for the srotas
4. साधनं an instrument for treatment
5. औषधं which cures disease
6. �ायचििं daivavyapashraya viz. pooja, bali, upahara etc.
7. �शमनं subsides or pacifies the disease
8. �कृचत�थापनं brings the vitiated dosha to normal state
9. चहतं beneficial to both body and mind
Rabin Singh
5 Chikitsa
Definition of ेषज
“रोग यं जयचत” That which defeat or overpower the fear of disease. The
term ‘ ेषज’ is used as synonym of चिकक�सा (treatment) and औषध
(medicine) as well.
ेद (Types of Chikitsa)
According to Acharya Charaka, there are innumerable (असं�य) diseases
and hence treatments (chikitsa) are also innumerable. There are various
classifications of chikitsa
एकचवध चिकक�सा (One type)
चनदान पररवजधन – Avoiding the causative factors, or the treatment of
underlying cause is an important type of chikitsa. Acharya Sushruta has
told “सं�ेपत� किया योगो चनदानपररवजधनम्”.
चिचवध चिकक�सा (Two types)
(I) 1. शीत चिकक�सा – Hot therapy for diseases caused by coldness
2. उ�ण चिकक�सा– Cold therapy for diseases caused by hotness
(II) 1. संतपधण चिकक�सा (बृंहण) – Tonifying or nourishing the body
2. अपतपधण चिकक�सा (लंघन) – Reducing or making the body light
(III) 1. शोधन चिकक�सा – Purificatory treatments
2. शमन चिकक�सा – Palliative or pacifying treatments
(IV) 1. ऊजध�कर चिकक�सा – Promoting the strength (preventive rx)
2. रोग� चिकक�सा – Pacifying the disease (curative rx)
(V) Types of ऊजध�कर चिकक�सा
1. रसायन – Rejuvenatives (bringing youth and longevity)
2. वाजीकरण – Aphrodisiacs (helping in progeny)
(VI) Types of रोग� चिकक�सा
1. रोग �शमन चिकक�सा – Treatment for pacification of disease
2. अपुन धव चिकक�सा – Treatment for un-occurrence of disease
(VII) 1. ि� ूत चिकक�सा – Drug therapy
2. अि� ूत चिकक�सा – Non drug therapy
च�चवध चिकक�सा (Three types)
(I) 1. द व�पा�य चिकक�सा – Devine or spiritual therapy
2. युचि�पा�य चिकक�सा – Rational therapy (objectively planned)
3. सववाजय चिकक�सा – Psychological therapy
(II) 1. अ�त� पररमाजधन चिकक�सा – Internal administration of medicines
2. बचह� पररमाजधन चिकक�सा – External application of medicines
3. शि�चणधान – Shastrakarma or surgery
(III) 1. हेतु चवपरीत चिकक�सा – Opposite to etiology (causative factors)
2. �ाचध चवपरीत चिकक�सा – Opposite to disease
3. उ याथधकारर चिकक�सा – Mixed approach
(IV) 1. दोष ��यनीक चिकक�सा – Treatment of aggravated dosha
2. �ाचध ��यनीक चिकक�सा – Treatment of yvadhi (disease)
3. उ य ��यनीक चिकक�सा – Mixed approach
(V) According to Bhaishajya Ratnavali
1. आसुरी चिकक�सा – Surgery is called aasuri chikitsa because of
the violent procedures (हहंसा) such as incision, excision etc.
2. मानुषी चिकक�सा – Herbal and herbomineral approach
3. द वी चिकक�सा –Spiritual approach including parada-preparations
5 Chikitsa
Definition of ेषज
“रोग यं जयचत” That which defeat or overpower the fear of disease. The
term ‘ ेषज’ is used as synonym of चिकक�सा (treatment) and औषध
(medicine) as well.
ेद (Types of Chikitsa)
According to Acharya Charaka, there are innumerable (असं�य) diseases
and hence treatments (chikitsa) are also innumerable. There are various
classifications of chikitsa
एकचवध चिकक�सा (One type)
चनदान पररवजधन – Avoiding the causative factors, or the treatment of
underlying cause is an important type of chikitsa. Acharya Sushruta has
told “सं�ेपत� किया योगो चनदानपररवजधनम्”.
चिचवध चिकक�सा (Two types)
(I) 1. शीत चिकक�सा – Hot therapy for diseases caused by coldness
2. उ�ण चिकक�सा– Cold therapy for diseases caused by hotness
(II) 1. संतपधण चिकक�सा (बृंहण) – Tonifying or nourishing the body
2. अपतपधण चिकक�सा (लंघन) – Reducing or making the body light
(III) 1. शोधन चिकक�सा – Purificatory treatments
2. शमन चिकक�सा – Palliative or pacifying treatments
(IV) 1. ऊजध�कर चिकक�सा – Promoting the strength (preventive rx)
2. रोग� चिकक�सा – Pacifying the disease (curative rx)
(V) Types of ऊजध�कर चिकक�सा
1. रसायन – Rejuvenatives (bringing youth and longevity)
2. वाजीकरण – Aphrodisiacs (helping in progeny)
(VI) Types of रोग� चिकक�सा
1. रोग �शमन चिकक�सा – Treatment for pacification of disease
2. अपुन धव चिकक�सा – Treatment for un-occurrence of disease
(VII) 1. ि� ूत चिकक�सा – Drug therapy
2. अि� ूत चिकक�सा – Non drug therapy
च�चवध चिकक�सा (Three types)
(I) 1. द व�पा�य चिकक�सा – Devine or spiritual therapy
2. युचि�पा�य चिकक�सा – Rational therapy (objectively planned)
3. सववाजय चिकक�सा – Psychological therapy
(II) 1. अ�त� पररमाजधन चिकक�सा – Internal administration of medicines
2. बचह� पररमाजधन चिकक�सा – External application of medicines
3. शि�चणधान – Shastrakarma or surgery
(III) 1. हेतु चवपरीत चिकक�सा – Opposite to etiology (causative factors)
2. �ाचध चवपरीत चिकक�सा – Opposite to disease
3. उ याथधकारर चिकक�सा – Mixed approach
(IV) 1. दोष ��यनीक चिकक�सा – Treatment of aggravated dosha
2. �ाचध ��यनीक चिकक�सा – Treatment of yvadhi (disease)
3. उ य ��यनीक चिकक�सा – Mixed approach
(V) According to Bhaishajya Ratnavali
1. आसुरी चिकक�सा – Surgery is called aasuri chikitsa because of
the violent procedures (हहंसा) such as incision, excision etc.
2. मानुषी चिकक�सा – Herbal and herbomineral approach
3. द वी चिकक�सा –Spiritual approach including parada-preparations
Rabin Singh
6 Chikitsa
(VI) Types of ि� (drugs used in chikitsa)
1. ौम ि� (minerals) – पारद, गंधक, अ�क, �वणध, रजत, ता�, लौह etc.
2. औचिद् ि� (herbs) – वन�पचत, वान�प�य, वी�ध, औषध.
3. जांगम ि� (animal products) – दु�ध, घृत, मधु, गोरोिन, �वाल, शुचि etc.
(VII) Types of अपतपधण चिकक�सा
1. लंघन – Fasting (उपवास), or use of light foods (लघु आहार or ि�) such
as पेया, चवलेपी, मु�यूष etc. for those patients who have अ�पदोष or अ�पबल.
2. पािन – Along with लंघन or उपवास, use of digestants (पािन ि�) such as
चि�क, मु�ता, च�कटु etc. for those patients who have म�यमदोष or म�यमबल.
3. दोषावसेिन – Purificatory procedures (संशोधन) for elimination of the
aggravated dosha in those patients who are बलवान or having ब�दोष.
(VIII) Types of कृचम चिकक�सा
1. अपकषधण – Expulsion of unwanted things that means to take out or
remove by force. This has been again subdivided into 2 types
(i) बा� अपकषधण – e.g. Surgical removal of gulma, arbuda, krimi etc.
(ii) आ�य�तर अपकषधण – e.g. Removal of aggravated dosha by shodhana.
2. �कृचत चवघात – It means to break the pathogenesis of disease by
means of either external application (बचहर् पररमाजधन) or internal medicine
(अ�त�पररमाजधन).
3. चनदान पररवजधन – Avoiding the etiology factors (cause) of the disease.
ितु�वधध चिकक�सा (Four types)
Acharya Sushruta has mentioned four types of treatments
1. संशोधन – Purificatory therapy
2. संशमन – Palliative therapy
3. आहार – Dietic regimen (pathya)
4. आिार – Good conduct of body, mind & speech
पंिचवध चिकक�सा (Five types)
संशोधन चिकक�सा (पंिकमध) – According to Charaka
1. वमन – Emesis
2. चवरेिन – Purgation
3. अनुवासन बच�त – Unctuous enema
4. चन�ह ब�त – Decoction enema
5. न�य – Errhines / Nasal insufflation
According to Sushruta
1. वमन – Emesis
2. चवरेिन – Purgation
3. चन�ह बच�त – Enema
4. चशरोचवरेिन (न�य) – Errhines
5. रिमो�ण – Blood letting
ष�चवध चिकक�सा (Six types)
षडोपिप or षडचवध उपिम (Acharya Charaka has explained six types of
treatment measures)
1. लंघन – यह�कंचित लाघवकरं देहे त�लंघनं �मृतम् ।
Reducing therapy – that which brings lightness in the body.
2. बृंहण – बृह�वं य�छरीर�य जनयेत् त� बृंहणम् ।
Nourishing therapy – increases the musculature or bulk of body.
3. ��ण – रौ�यं खर�वं व श� य�कुयाधद तचि��णम् ।
Drying therapy – brings dryness, roughness and non-sliminess.
4. �ेहन – �ेहनं �ेह चव�य�द मादधवं �लेद कारकम् ।
Oleation therapy – brings unctuousness, sliminess, softness & moisture.
5. �वेदन – �त� गौरव शीत�ं �वेदनं �वेद कारकम् ।
Sudation – removes stiffness heaviness coldness, and induces sweating.
6. �त� न – �त� नं �त� यचत यद् गचतम�तं िलं �ुवम् ।
Astringent therapy – that which stops the flow of doshas.
6 Chikitsa
(VI) Types of ि� (drugs used in chikitsa)
1. ौम ि� (minerals) – पारद, गंधक, अ�क, �वणध, रजत, ता�, लौह etc.
2. औचिद् ि� (herbs) – वन�पचत, वान�प�य, वी�ध, औषध.
3. जांगम ि� (animal products) – दु�ध, घृत, मधु, गोरोिन, �वाल, शुचि etc.
(VII) Types of अपतपधण चिकक�सा
1. लंघन – Fasting (उपवास), or use of light foods (लघु आहार or ि�) such
as पेया, चवलेपी, मु�यूष etc. for those patients who have अ�पदोष or अ�पबल.
2. पािन – Along with लंघन or उपवास, use of digestants (पािन ि�) such as
चि�क, मु�ता, च�कटु etc. for those patients who have म�यमदोष or म�यमबल.
3. दोषावसेिन – Purificatory procedures (संशोधन) for elimination of the
aggravated dosha in those patients who are बलवान or having ब�दोष.
(VIII) Types of कृचम चिकक�सा
1. अपकषधण – Expulsion of unwanted things that means to take out or
remove by force. This has been again subdivided into 2 types
(i) बा� अपकषधण – e.g. Surgical removal of gulma, arbuda, krimi etc.
(ii) आ�य�तर अपकषधण – e.g. Removal of aggravated dosha by shodhana.
2. �कृचत चवघात – It means to break the pathogenesis of disease by
means of either external application (बचहर् पररमाजधन) or internal medicine
(अ�त�पररमाजधन).
3. चनदान पररवजधन – Avoiding the etiology factors (cause) of the disease.
ितु�वधध चिकक�सा (Four types)
Acharya Sushruta has mentioned four types of treatments
1. संशोधन – Purificatory therapy
2. संशमन – Palliative therapy
3. आहार – Dietic regimen (pathya)
4. आिार – Good conduct of body, mind & speech
पंिचवध चिकक�सा (Five types)
संशोधन चिकक�सा (पंिकमध) – According to Charaka
1. वमन – Emesis
2. चवरेिन – Purgation
3. अनुवासन बच�त – Unctuous enema
4. चन�ह ब�त – Decoction enema
5. न�य – Errhines / Nasal insufflation
According to Sushruta
1. वमन – Emesis
2. चवरेिन – Purgation
3. चन�ह बच�त – Enema
4. चशरोचवरेिन (न�य) – Errhines
5. रिमो�ण – Blood letting
ष�चवध चिकक�सा (Six types)
षडोपिप or षडचवध उपिम (Acharya Charaka has explained six types of
treatment measures)
1. लंघन – यह�कंचित लाघवकरं देहे त�लंघनं �मृतम् ।
Reducing therapy – that which brings lightness in the body.
2. बृंहण – बृह�वं य�छरीर�य जनयेत् त� बृंहणम् ।
Nourishing therapy – increases the musculature or bulk of body.
3. ��ण – रौ�यं खर�वं व श� य�कुयाधद तचि��णम् ।
Drying therapy – brings dryness, roughness and non-sliminess.
4. �ेहन – �ेहनं �ेह चव�य�द मादधवं �लेद कारकम् ।
Oleation therapy – brings unctuousness, sliminess, softness & moisture.
5. �वेदन – �त� गौरव शीत�ं �वेदनं �वेद कारकम् ।
Sudation – removes stiffness heaviness coldness, and induces sweating.
6. �त� न – �त� नं �त� यचत यद् गचतम�तं िलं �ुवम् ।
Astringent therapy – that which stops the flow of doshas.
Rabin Singh
7 Chikitsa
स�चवध चिकक�सा (Seven types)
There are 7 types of शमन चिकक�सा
1. पािन (आमदोष पािन) – Using digestants e.g. चि�क, मु�ता
2. दीपन (अचन दीपन) – Using appetizers e.g. च�कटु (शु�ठी, मररि, चप�पली)
3. �ुधा (उपवास) – Fasting / or intake of less food
4. तृ�णा – Intake of less or no water
5. आतप सेवन – Exposure to sun rays
6. मा�त सेवन – Exposure to fresh air
7. �ायाम – Exercise
अ�चवध चिकक�सा (Eight types)
अ�चवध शिकमध – Acharya Sushruta has explained eight types of surgical
procedures.
1. छेदन – Excision
2. ेदन – Incision
3. लेखन – Scrapping
4. वेधन – Puncturing
5. एषण – Probing
6. आहरण – Extraction
7. चव�ावण – Drainage or Blood lettinig
8. सीवन – Suturing or Stitching
दशचवध चिकक�सा (Ten types)
There are 10 types of लंघन चिकक�सा in which 4 types of संशोधन and 6
types of अि� ूत चिकक�सा are included.
1. वमन – Emesis
2. चवरेिन – Purgation
3. चन�ह बच�त – Enema
4. न�य – Errhines
5. पािन (आमदोष पािन) – Using digestants e.g. चि�क, मु�ता
6. उपवास – Fasting / or intake of less food
7. चपपासा (तृ�णा) – Intake of less or no water
8. आतप सेवन – Exposure to sun rays
9. मा�त सेवन – Exposure to fresh air
10. �ायाम – Exercise
अ�ादश ेद (Eighteen types)
There are 18 types of उपशय (therapeutic tests) explained by Acharya
Charaka
1. हेतु चवपरीत
2. �ाचध चवपरीत
3. हेतु-�ाचध चवपरीत 3 (औषध-अ�-चवहार)
4. हेतु चवपरीताथधकारी = 18
5. �ाचध चवपरीताथधकारी
6. हेतु-�ाचध चवपरीताथधकारी
कायचिकक�सा
परर ाषा (Definition of Kayachikitsa)
कायचिकक�सा� नाम सवा�गसंच�तानां �ाधीनां �वररिचपिशोषो�मादाप�मारकु�-
मेहाचतसारादीनामुपशमनाथधम् । (सु.सू. 1/11)
Kayachikitsa deals with treatment of all the diseases of body like jwara,
raktapitta, shosha, unmada, apasmara, kushtha, prameha, atisara etc.
जाठर� �ाचणनामचन� काय इ�यच चधयते ।
स�तं चिकक�सेत् सीद�तं स व कायचिकक�सक� ॥ (ििपाचण)
Kaya is agni of the body, and the physician, who can treat the agni
properly, definitely become successful.
कायचिकक�सा इचत काय�य अ�तरनेचिकक�सा । (गंगाधर)
Kayachikitsa is the treatment of agni of the body.
7 Chikitsa
स�चवध चिकक�सा (Seven types)
There are 7 types of शमन चिकक�सा
1. पािन (आमदोष पािन) – Using digestants e.g. चि�क, मु�ता
2. दीपन (अचन दीपन) – Using appetizers e.g. च�कटु (शु�ठी, मररि, चप�पली)
3. �ुधा (उपवास) – Fasting / or intake of less food
4. तृ�णा – Intake of less or no water
5. आतप सेवन – Exposure to sun rays
6. मा�त सेवन – Exposure to fresh air
7. �ायाम – Exercise
अ�चवध चिकक�सा (Eight types)
अ�चवध शिकमध – Acharya Sushruta has explained eight types of surgical
procedures.
1. छेदन – Excision
2. ेदन – Incision
3. लेखन – Scrapping
4. वेधन – Puncturing
5. एषण – Probing
6. आहरण – Extraction
7. चव�ावण – Drainage or Blood lettinig
8. सीवन – Suturing or Stitching
दशचवध चिकक�सा (Ten types)
There are 10 types of लंघन चिकक�सा in which 4 types of संशोधन and 6
types of अि� ूत चिकक�सा are included.
1. वमन – Emesis
2. चवरेिन – Purgation
3. चन�ह बच�त – Enema
4. न�य – Errhines
5. पािन (आमदोष पािन) – Using digestants e.g. चि�क, मु�ता
6. उपवास – Fasting / or intake of less food
7. चपपासा (तृ�णा) – Intake of less or no water
8. आतप सेवन – Exposure to sun rays
9. मा�त सेवन – Exposure to fresh air
10. �ायाम – Exercise
अ�ादश ेद (Eighteen types)
There are 18 types of उपशय (therapeutic tests) explained by Acharya
Charaka
1. हेतु चवपरीत
2. �ाचध चवपरीत
3. हेतु-�ाचध चवपरीत 3 (औषध-अ�-चवहार)
4. हेतु चवपरीताथधकारी = 18
5. �ाचध चवपरीताथधकारी
6. हेतु-�ाचध चवपरीताथधकारी
कायचिकक�सा
परर ाषा (Definition of Kayachikitsa)
कायचिकक�सा� नाम सवा�गसंच�तानां �ाधीनां �वररिचपिशोषो�मादाप�मारकु�-
मेहाचतसारादीनामुपशमनाथधम् । (सु.सू. 1/11)
Kayachikitsa deals with treatment of all the diseases of body like jwara,
raktapitta, shosha, unmada, apasmara, kushtha, prameha, atisara etc.
जाठर� �ाचणनामचन� काय इ�यच चधयते ।
स�तं चिकक�सेत् सीद�तं स व कायचिकक�सक� ॥ (ििपाचण)
Kaya is agni of the body, and the physician, who can treat the agni
properly, definitely become successful.
कायचिकक�सा इचत काय�य अ�तरनेचिकक�सा । (गंगाधर)
Kayachikitsa is the treatment of agni of the body.
Rabin Singh
8 Chikitsa
चिकक�सा ितु�पाद
The prognosis of any disease – whether the disease is easily curable,
difficult to cure, or incurable – depends upon its nature and the healthy
combination of the four factors required for the successful treatment
the physician, the medicine, the attendant, and the patient himself.
च ष�ि�ा�युप�थाता रोगी पादितु�यम् ।
चिककच�सत�य चन�दध�ं, ��येक त�तु�णम् ॥ (अ.�.सू.1/27)
There are four limbs of the treatment च षक or व � (physician), ि�
(medicine), उप�थाता or पररिारक (attendant), and रोगी (patient). Each of
them is having four qualities those are important for successful
treatment.
च षक (physician)
द��तीथाधिशािाथो दृ�कमाध शुचि ुधषक । (अ.�.सू.1/27)
1. Skilled in the practical application of medical knowledge
2. Acquired theoretical knowledge
3. Acquired experience in practical work
4. Purity in mind, body (action) and speech
ि� (medicine)
ब�क�पं ब�गुणं स�प�ं यो�यमौषधम् । (अ.�.सू.1/27)
1. Available in many formulations
2. Having many qualities
3. Potent (having good potency)
4. Capable to cure respective disease, and suitable to the patient
पररिारक (attendant)
अनुरि� शुचिदध�ो बुचिमान् पररिारक� । (अ.�.सू.1/27)
1. Sympathy for the patient
2. Purity in mind, body (action) and speech
3. Skilled in nursing techniques
4. Intelligent
रोगी (patient)
आ�ो रोगी च ष�व�यो �ापक� सववावानचप । (अ.�.सू.1/27)
1. Should be able to afford the treatment
2. Should be obedient, or follow the advice of physician
3. Should be able to describe his ailments
4. Should have will power (courageous with balanced mind, and willing
to overcome disease)
चिकक��य पु�ष
The person who is treated is called ‘Chikitsya purusha’. Treatment of
Ayurveda is aimed at living person; and the living person has been
described as चिकक��य पु�ष that is having various synonyms such as िेतन
पु�ष, कमध पु�ष, संयोग पु�ष, �थूल पु�ष, राचष पु�ष, & ितु�व�शचतक पु�ष, and
various classifications based on its constitution such as एकधातुज पु�ष,
ष�धातुज पु�ष, & ितु�व�शचत त�वा�मक पु�ष.
1. एकधातुज पु�ष composed of आ�मा (िेतना धातु).
2. ष�धातुज पु�ष composed of पंिमहा ूत + िेतना धातु.
3. ितु�व�शचत त�वा�मक पु�ष composed of 24 elements अ��कृचत (अ�ि
– महान – अहंकार – पंिमहा ूत) & षोडश चवकार (पंित�मा�ा – पंि�ानेच�िय –
पंिकमेच�िय – मन)
8 Chikitsa
चिकक�सा ितु�पाद
The prognosis of any disease – whether the disease is easily curable,
difficult to cure, or incurable – depends upon its nature and the healthy
combination of the four factors required for the successful treatment
the physician, the medicine, the attendant, and the patient himself.
च ष�ि�ा�युप�थाता रोगी पादितु�यम् ।
चिककच�सत�य चन�दध�ं, ��येक त�तु�णम् ॥ (अ.�.सू.1/27)
There are four limbs of the treatment च षक or व � (physician), ि�
(medicine), उप�थाता or पररिारक (attendant), and रोगी (patient). Each of
them is having four qualities those are important for successful
treatment.
च षक (physician)
द��तीथाधिशािाथो दृ�कमाध शुचि ुधषक । (अ.�.सू.1/27)
1. Skilled in the practical application of medical knowledge
2. Acquired theoretical knowledge
3. Acquired experience in practical work
4. Purity in mind, body (action) and speech
ि� (medicine)
ब�क�पं ब�गुणं स�प�ं यो�यमौषधम् । (अ.�.सू.1/27)
1. Available in many formulations
2. Having many qualities
3. Potent (having good potency)
4. Capable to cure respective disease, and suitable to the patient
पररिारक (attendant)
अनुरि� शुचिदध�ो बुचिमान् पररिारक� । (अ.�.सू.1/27)
1. Sympathy for the patient
2. Purity in mind, body (action) and speech
3. Skilled in nursing techniques
4. Intelligent
रोगी (patient)
आ�ो रोगी च ष�व�यो �ापक� सववावानचप । (अ.�.सू.1/27)
1. Should be able to afford the treatment
2. Should be obedient, or follow the advice of physician
3. Should be able to describe his ailments
4. Should have will power (courageous with balanced mind, and willing
to overcome disease)
चिकक��य पु�ष
The person who is treated is called ‘Chikitsya purusha’. Treatment of
Ayurveda is aimed at living person; and the living person has been
described as चिकक��य पु�ष that is having various synonyms such as िेतन
पु�ष, कमध पु�ष, संयोग पु�ष, �थूल पु�ष, राचष पु�ष, & ितु�व�शचतक पु�ष, and
various classifications based on its constitution such as एकधातुज पु�ष,
ष�धातुज पु�ष, & ितु�व�शचत त�वा�मक पु�ष.
1. एकधातुज पु�ष composed of आ�मा (िेतना धातु).
2. ष�धातुज पु�ष composed of पंिमहा ूत + िेतना धातु.
3. ितु�व�शचत त�वा�मक पु�ष composed of 24 elements अ��कृचत (अ�ि
– महान – अहंकार – पंिमहा ूत) & षोडश चवकार (पंित�मा�ा – पंि�ानेच�िय –
पंिकमेच�िय – मन)
Rabin Singh
9 Chikitsa
अचिकक��य पु�ष
The patients unsuitable for treatment are called ‘Achikitsya purusha’.
The physician should reject those patients who are अचिकक��य
त�था – अनपवाद �तीकार�याधन�यापररिारक�य व �माचननि�ड�यासूयक�य -
ती�धमाध�चिरचत�ीणबलमांसशोचणत त�यासा�यरोगोपहत�य मुमुषुधहलंगाच�वत�य िेचत ॥
(ि.चव.3/45)
अनपवाद �तीकार Those who don’t follow the beneficial advice.
अधन Those who don’t have money to afford the treatment.
अपररिारक Those who don’t have nurse or caretaker.
व �माचनन Those who pose themselves as physician.
ि�ड Those who are having violent behavior.
असूयक Those who are envious or cynic (हनंदक).
ती� धमध अ�चि Those who don’t have faith in dharma (rightful acts),
or who enjoys the vicious acts (adharma).
अचत�ीण बल मांस शोचणत Excessive depletion of strength, muscles or
flesh, and blood.
असा�य रोगोपहत Those who are suffering from incurable disease.
मुमुषुध हलंगाच�वत Those who are having symptoms of imminent death
(अरर� ल�ण).
If the physician takes such patients under his treatment, then he is
defamed because of unsuccessful treatments, and such treatment is
considered as sinful act for the physician.
रोगी-रोग परी�ा
Examination of the patient and disease is essential for the proper
diagnosis so that the disease can be treated successfully,
रोगी परी�ा The patient should be examined first and then the disease.
Examination of the patient can be done by following methods
(A) च�चवध परी�ा
1. दशधन – Inspection – Direct observation of the patient, वणध (change in
colour), ��ता (drynesss), �लाचन (lethargy), �माण (measurements),
आकृचत (structure), व ��यता deformities etc.
2. �पशधन – Palpation – शीतता-उ�णता (temperature), गु�ता-लघुता, सु�ता-
असु�ता, खरता-��णता, स�प�दता-अ�प�दता (palpitations), organomegaly,
tenderness etc.
3. �� – Interrogation (History taking) – Name, age, occupation,
address, complaints, H/o present illness, H/o past illnesss, family
history etc. and आहार, चवहार, को�, अचन, मल-मू� �वृचि, चनिा, �सन etc.
(B) पंिचवध परी�ा (पंि�ानेच�िय)
1. ि�ुररच�िय परी�ा – �ाकृत & चवकृत वणध, छाया, आकृचत, �माण etc.
2. �वचगच�िय (�पशधनेच�िय) परी�ा – �ाकृत & चवकृत �पशध, body temperature,
organomegaly, tenderness etc.
3. �ो�ेच�िय परी�ा – Gurgling soung (आ��कूंजन), cracking & crepitations in
joints, auscultatory sounds like wheezing, ronchi, murmurs etc.
abnormal sounds, voice of patient like normal voice or hoarseness of
voice etc.
4. रसनेच�िय परी�ा – �ाकृत & चवकृत रस (Examined by अनुमान)
5. �ाणेच�िय परी�ा – �ाकृत & चवकृत ग�ध
9 Chikitsa
अचिकक��य पु�ष
The patients unsuitable for treatment are called ‘Achikitsya purusha’.
The physician should reject those patients who are अचिकक��य
त�था – अनपवाद �तीकार�याधन�यापररिारक�य व �माचननि�ड�यासूयक�य -
ती�धमाध�चिरचत�ीणबलमांसशोचणत त�यासा�यरोगोपहत�य मुमुषुधहलंगाच�वत�य िेचत ॥
(ि.चव.3/45)
अनपवाद �तीकार Those who don’t follow the beneficial advice.
अधन Those who don’t have money to afford the treatment.
अपररिारक Those who don’t have nurse or caretaker.
व �माचनन Those who pose themselves as physician.
ि�ड Those who are having violent behavior.
असूयक Those who are envious or cynic (हनंदक).
ती� धमध अ�चि Those who don’t have faith in dharma (rightful acts),
or who enjoys the vicious acts (adharma).
अचत�ीण बल मांस शोचणत Excessive depletion of strength, muscles or
flesh, and blood.
असा�य रोगोपहत Those who are suffering from incurable disease.
मुमुषुध हलंगाच�वत Those who are having symptoms of imminent death
(अरर� ल�ण).
If the physician takes such patients under his treatment, then he is
defamed because of unsuccessful treatments, and such treatment is
considered as sinful act for the physician.
रोगी-रोग परी�ा
Examination of the patient and disease is essential for the proper
diagnosis so that the disease can be treated successfully,
रोगी परी�ा The patient should be examined first and then the disease.
Examination of the patient can be done by following methods
(A) च�चवध परी�ा
1. दशधन – Inspection – Direct observation of the patient, वणध (change in
colour), ��ता (drynesss), �लाचन (lethargy), �माण (measurements),
आकृचत (structure), व ��यता deformities etc.
2. �पशधन – Palpation – शीतता-उ�णता (temperature), गु�ता-लघुता, सु�ता-
असु�ता, खरता-��णता, स�प�दता-अ�प�दता (palpitations), organomegaly,
tenderness etc.
3. �� – Interrogation (History taking) – Name, age, occupation,
address, complaints, H/o present illness, H/o past illnesss, family
history etc. and आहार, चवहार, को�, अचन, मल-मू� �वृचि, चनिा, �सन etc.
(B) पंिचवध परी�ा (पंि�ानेच�िय)
1. ि�ुररच�िय परी�ा – �ाकृत & चवकृत वणध, छाया, आकृचत, �माण etc.
2. �वचगच�िय (�पशधनेच�िय) परी�ा – �ाकृत & चवकृत �पशध, body temperature,
organomegaly, tenderness etc.
3. �ो�ेच�िय परी�ा – Gurgling soung (आ��कूंजन), cracking & crepitations in
joints, auscultatory sounds like wheezing, ronchi, murmurs etc.
abnormal sounds, voice of patient like normal voice or hoarseness of
voice etc.
4. रसनेच�िय परी�ा – �ाकृत & चवकृत रस (Examined by अनुमान)
5. �ाणेच�िय परी�ा – �ाकृत & चवकृत ग�ध
Rabin Singh
10 Chikitsa
(C) षड् चवध परी�ा
1. to 5. पंि�ानेच�िय परी�ा
6. �� परी�ा – Interrogation (History taking)
(D) अ�चवध (अ ��थान) परी�ा
1. नाडी परी�ा – Examination of pulse – Examination of radial pulse, 1 cm
below wrist joint of right hand of male patient or left hand of female
patient with the help of first three fingers of physician examine the
गचत (rate), ताल (rhythm), यचत (volume), तनाव (tension) & वेग (force) of
the pulse, and identify the वात, चपि & कफ- pulsations at the index,
middle and ring fingers respectively. दोषानुसार नाडीगचतs are as
follows
(i) वात �कोप जलौका or सपध गचत
(ii) चपि �कोप काक or म�डूक गचत
(iii) कफ �कोप पारावत or हंस गचत
2. मू� परी�ा – For urine examination collect the sample of urine in early
morning. Following tests are done for मू� परी�ा
मू� �वृचि (frequency of micturition), धार (stream of urine while
micturition), संहनन (density of urine), मा�ा (quantity), ग�ध (smell), वणध
(colour), सरि (presence of blood), सपूय (presence of pus), सशकधरा
(presence of calculus), सशुि (presence of semen), त लचब�दु परी�ा etc.
3. मल परी�ा – Stool examination – The stool also should be examined
like urine मल �वृचि (frequency of defaecation), मा�ा, संहनन, वणध,
ग�ध, सरिता, सापूयता, सकृचम, सकफ, आम, चनराम etc.
4. चज�वा परी�ा – Tongue is examined for its वणध, आकृचत, अंकुर, चल�ता, �पशध,
गचत etc. For example, in अचनमा��, चज�वा (tongue) becomes चल� or
मलावृत (coated). In वात�कोप it becomes शीत, ��, �फुरटत (fissure);
In चपि�कोप – रि-�याम वणध; In कफ�कोप – �ेत & चपच�छल; And in च�दोष
�कोप – कृ�ण, क�टकयुि चज�वा.
5. श�द परी�ा – Examination of voice (�वर) of the patient – in वात�कोप it
becomes �� �वर, in चपि�कोप – ती� �वर, in कफ�कोप – ग� ीर �वर.
6. �पशध परी�ा – Examination of skin (�विा) of the patient – in वात�कोप it
becomes शीत & कृ�णवणध �विा, in चपि�कोप – उ�ण & पीतवणध �विा, in
कफ�कोप – आिध (�लेदयुि) & �ेतवणध �विा.
7. दृक परी�ा – Examination of eyes (ने�) of the patient – वणध, पा�डुता
(pallority), पीतता (icterus), रिता (redness), शोफ (swelling) etc. should
be examined. In वात�कोप eyes become ��, धूमवणध; In चपि�कोप – पीत,
दाहयुि; In कफ�कोप – च��ध, जल (िव) युि.
8. आकृचत परी�ा – Examination of body built of the patient – Physique of
the patient is examined on the basis of कृश, �थूल, सामा�य, अचत��व,
अचतदीघध etc.
(E) दशचवध परी�ा
1. �कृचत – Constitution of the patient (e.g. वातज, चपिज, कफज etc.)
2. चवकृचत – Strength of the disease (e.g. �वर, म�यम, अवर)
3. सार – dhatus of best quality (e.g. �व�सार, रिसार, मांससार etc.)
4. संहनन – Compactness of the body (�वर, म�यम, अवर)
5. सा��य – Habitual and suitable foods etc. (�वर, म�यम, अवर)
6. सवव – Mental strength (�वर, म�यम, अवर)
7. �माण – Measurements of the body (�वर, म�यम, अवर)
8. आहारशचि – Strength of digestive fire is examined in two ways
(i) अ�यवहरण शचि – intake capacity (�वर, म�यम, अवर)
(ii) जरण शचि – digestive capacity (�वर, म�यम, अवर)
9. �ायामशचि – strength of the patient is examined by his exercising or
normal working capacity (�वर, म�यम, अवर)
10. वय – age group of the patient (बाल-म�यम-जीणध)
10 Chikitsa
(C) षड् चवध परी�ा
1. to 5. पंि�ानेच�िय परी�ा
6. �� परी�ा – Interrogation (History taking)
(D) अ�चवध (अ ��थान) परी�ा
1. नाडी परी�ा – Examination of pulse – Examination of radial pulse, 1 cm
below wrist joint of right hand of male patient or left hand of female
patient with the help of first three fingers of physician examine the
गचत (rate), ताल (rhythm), यचत (volume), तनाव (tension) & वेग (force) of
the pulse, and identify the वात, चपि & कफ- pulsations at the index,
middle and ring fingers respectively. दोषानुसार नाडीगचतs are as
follows
(i) वात �कोप जलौका or सपध गचत
(ii) चपि �कोप काक or म�डूक गचत
(iii) कफ �कोप पारावत or हंस गचत
2. मू� परी�ा – For urine examination collect the sample of urine in early
morning. Following tests are done for मू� परी�ा
मू� �वृचि (frequency of micturition), धार (stream of urine while
micturition), संहनन (density of urine), मा�ा (quantity), ग�ध (smell), वणध
(colour), सरि (presence of blood), सपूय (presence of pus), सशकधरा
(presence of calculus), सशुि (presence of semen), त लचब�दु परी�ा etc.
3. मल परी�ा – Stool examination – The stool also should be examined
like urine मल �वृचि (frequency of defaecation), मा�ा, संहनन, वणध,
ग�ध, सरिता, सापूयता, सकृचम, सकफ, आम, चनराम etc.
4. चज�वा परी�ा – Tongue is examined for its वणध, आकृचत, अंकुर, चल�ता, �पशध,
गचत etc. For example, in अचनमा��, चज�वा (tongue) becomes चल� or
मलावृत (coated). In वात�कोप it becomes शीत, ��, �फुरटत (fissure);
In चपि�कोप – रि-�याम वणध; In कफ�कोप – �ेत & चपच�छल; And in च�दोष
�कोप – कृ�ण, क�टकयुि चज�वा.
5. श�द परी�ा – Examination of voice (�वर) of the patient – in वात�कोप it
becomes �� �वर, in चपि�कोप – ती� �वर, in कफ�कोप – ग� ीर �वर.
6. �पशध परी�ा – Examination of skin (�विा) of the patient – in वात�कोप it
becomes शीत & कृ�णवणध �विा, in चपि�कोप – उ�ण & पीतवणध �विा, in
कफ�कोप – आिध (�लेदयुि) & �ेतवणध �विा.
7. दृक परी�ा – Examination of eyes (ने�) of the patient – वणध, पा�डुता
(pallority), पीतता (icterus), रिता (redness), शोफ (swelling) etc. should
be examined. In वात�कोप eyes become ��, धूमवणध; In चपि�कोप – पीत,
दाहयुि; In कफ�कोप – च��ध, जल (िव) युि.
8. आकृचत परी�ा – Examination of body built of the patient – Physique of
the patient is examined on the basis of कृश, �थूल, सामा�य, अचत��व,
अचतदीघध etc.
(E) दशचवध परी�ा
1. �कृचत – Constitution of the patient (e.g. वातज, चपिज, कफज etc.)
2. चवकृचत – Strength of the disease (e.g. �वर, म�यम, अवर)
3. सार – dhatus of best quality (e.g. �व�सार, रिसार, मांससार etc.)
4. संहनन – Compactness of the body (�वर, म�यम, अवर)
5. सा��य – Habitual and suitable foods etc. (�वर, म�यम, अवर)
6. सवव – Mental strength (�वर, म�यम, अवर)
7. �माण – Measurements of the body (�वर, म�यम, अवर)
8. आहारशचि – Strength of digestive fire is examined in two ways
(i) अ�यवहरण शचि – intake capacity (�वर, म�यम, अवर)
(ii) जरण शचि – digestive capacity (�वर, म�यम, अवर)
9. �ायामशचि – strength of the patient is examined by his exercising or
normal working capacity (�वर, म�यम, अवर)
10. वय – age group of the patient (बाल-म�यम-जीणध)
Rabin Singh
11 Chikitsa
(F) �माण (परी�ा)
च�चवध परी�ा आ�ोपदेश – ��य� – अनुमान
ितु�वधध परी�ा आ�ोपदेश – ��य� – अनुमान – युचि
1. आ�ोपदेश परी�ा Examination of the patient on the basis of आ�विन
(told by acharyas) such as involvement of dosha-dush ya,
aggravating factors, how the disease is manifested, prognosis,
complications, nomenclature of the disease etc.
2. ��य� परी�ा Direct observation or examination by sense organs
like पंि�ानेच�िय परी�ा or दशधन-�पशधन परी�ा etc
3. अनुमान परी�ा Examination of the patient with the help of inference,
e.g. examination of अचन by observing पािनशचि, examination of बल by
�ायामशचि, examination of �ानेच�िय by अथध�हण शचि etc. It helps to
examine and diagnose those conditions which cannot be observed
directly. अनुमान �माण gives knowledge of च�काल (past-present-future).
4. युचि परी�ा The physician has to use his skill and specification of
circumstances such as देश (place), काल (time) etc. to plan the
treatment by observing all the tests and effect of treatment.
रोग परी�ा
रोग परी�ा plays important role in the diagnosis (रोग-चनदान) as well as
treatment (चिकक�सा). With the help of चनदान पंिक the disease (रोग) is
examined and then treatment is planned on the basis of ेद, बल,
सा�यसा�यता etc.
चनदान पंिक
चनदान – पूवध�प – �प – उपशय – स��ाच�
These are called चनदान पंिक because of their utility in the diagnosis (रोग-
चनदान) and being five in number (पंिक).
1. चनदान (हेतु)
�ाचधचवचनिय करणं चनदानम् । (मधुकोष मा.चन. 1/4)
The causative factors of the disease are called चनदान. It has various
synonyms such as हेतु, चनचमि, आयतन, कारण etc.
It has various classifications
Two types (1) बा� हेतु – e.g. चम�या आहार-चवहार
(2) आ�य�तर हेतु – e.g. दोष-दू�य समू�छधन
(1) उ�पादक हेतु – produces disease directly
(2) ��न हेतु – aggravating factors of disease
(1) अनुब��य हेतु – (�धान) – primary cause
(2) अनुब�ध हेतु – (अ�धान) – secondary cause
Three types (1) असा��येच�ियाथध संयोग – improper use of sense organs
(अयोग or हीनयोग – चम�यायोग – अचतयोग of इच�ियाs)
(2) ��ापराध – sinful acts
(चम�यायोग of वाक्-मन-शरीर)
(3) पररणाम (काल) – seasonal imbalance
(अयोग – चम�यायोग – अचतयोग of काल)
Four types (1) सच�कृ� हेतु – nearest cause – such as दोष �कोप
according to day, night, before and after food etc.
(2) चव�कृ� हेतु – distant or slow cause – such as कफ-संिय in
हेमंत ऋतु is responsible for कफ-�कोप in वसंत ऋतु.
(3) �च िारी हेतु – weak cause – the etilogical factors those
produce disease with combination of other factors or when
get favourable conditions.
(4) �ाधाचनक हेतु – powerful cause – such as poison that
manifests disease immediately.
11 Chikitsa
(F) �माण (परी�ा)
च�चवध परी�ा आ�ोपदेश – ��य� – अनुमान
ितु�वधध परी�ा आ�ोपदेश – ��य� – अनुमान – युचि
1. आ�ोपदेश परी�ा Examination of the patient on the basis of आ�विन
(told by acharyas) such as involvement of dosha-dush ya,
aggravating factors, how the disease is manifested, prognosis,
complications, nomenclature of the disease etc.
2. ��य� परी�ा Direct observation or examination by sense organs
like पंि�ानेच�िय परी�ा or दशधन-�पशधन परी�ा etc
3. अनुमान परी�ा Examination of the patient with the help of inference,
e.g. examination of अचन by observing पािनशचि, examination of बल by
�ायामशचि, examination of �ानेच�िय by अथध�हण शचि etc. It helps to
examine and diagnose those conditions which cannot be observed
directly. अनुमान �माण gives knowledge of च�काल (past-present-future).
4. युचि परी�ा The physician has to use his skill and specification of
circumstances such as देश (place), काल (time) etc. to plan the
treatment by observing all the tests and effect of treatment.
रोग परी�ा
रोग परी�ा plays important role in the diagnosis (रोग-चनदान) as well as
treatment (चिकक�सा). With the help of चनदान पंिक the disease (रोग) is
examined and then treatment is planned on the basis of ेद, बल,
सा�यसा�यता etc.
चनदान पंिक
चनदान – पूवध�प – �प – उपशय – स��ाच�
These are called चनदान पंिक because of their utility in the diagnosis (रोग-
चनदान) and being five in number (पंिक).
1. चनदान (हेतु)
�ाचधचवचनिय करणं चनदानम् । (मधुकोष मा.चन. 1/4)
The causative factors of the disease are called चनदान. It has various
synonyms such as हेतु, चनचमि, आयतन, कारण etc.
It has various classifications
Two types (1) बा� हेतु – e.g. चम�या आहार-चवहार
(2) आ�य�तर हेतु – e.g. दोष-दू�य समू�छधन
(1) उ�पादक हेतु – produces disease directly
(2) ��न हेतु – aggravating factors of disease
(1) अनुब��य हेतु – (�धान) – primary cause
(2) अनुब�ध हेतु – (अ�धान) – secondary cause
Three types (1) असा��येच�ियाथध संयोग – improper use of sense organs
(अयोग or हीनयोग – चम�यायोग – अचतयोग of इच�ियाs)
(2) ��ापराध – sinful acts
(चम�यायोग of वाक्-मन-शरीर)
(3) पररणाम (काल) – seasonal imbalance
(अयोग – चम�यायोग – अचतयोग of काल)
Four types (1) सच�कृ� हेतु – nearest cause – such as दोष �कोप
according to day, night, before and after food etc.
(2) चव�कृ� हेतु – distant or slow cause – such as कफ-संिय in
हेमंत ऋतु is responsible for कफ-�कोप in वसंत ऋतु.
(3) �च िारी हेतु – weak cause – the etilogical factors those
produce disease with combination of other factors or when
get favourable conditions.
(4) �ाधाचनक हेतु – powerful cause – such as poison that
manifests disease immediately.
Rabin Singh
12 Chikitsa
Importance
सं�ेपत� कियायोगो चनदानपररवजधनम् । (सु.उ.1/25)
Avoiding the etiological factors is the first line of treatment for all the
diseases. So चनदान not only helps in diagnosis but also helps in
prevention and treatment of disease.
2. पूवध�प
पूवध�पं �ागु�पचि ल�णं �ाधे । (ि.चन.1/8)
Before complete manifestation of disease, the pre-clinical symptoms or
prodromal symptoms are called पूवध�प.
It has two types
(1) सामा�य पूवध�प – e.g. – �वर सामा�य पूवध�प – �म अरचत चववणध व र�य नयन�लव
(2) चवशेष पूवध�प – e.g. – �वर चवशेष पूवध�प – जृ� ा in वातज �वर
नयनदाह in चपिज �वर
अन�ाच लाषा in कफज �वर
Importance
�थानसं�चयण� कुिा ाचव�ाचध �बोधकम् । (मा.चन.1/5-6)
At the stage of �थानसं�य, the prodromal symptoms (पूवध�प) arise and
indicate the upcoming disease. So पूवध�प helps in diagnosis as well as
prevention and treatment of disease at early stage.
3. �प (ल�ण)
�ाधे� �व�पं �िं तद् �पम् । (मधुकोष मा.चन. 1/7)
Signs and symptoms of disease are called �प or ल�ण.
It has two types
(1) सामा�य �प – general symptoms of disease
(2) चवशेष �प – specific symptoms of different types of disease – वातज,
चपताज, कफज etc.
Importance
�ाधे� �व�पं...
For proper diagnosis the physician must have knowledge of clinical
features of the disease.
4. उपशय
उपशय� पुन� हेतु�ाचधचवपरीतानां चवपरीताथधकाररणां ि
औषधाहारचवहाराणां उपयोग� सुखानुब�ध� ।
Therapeutic tests with use of relieving factors of the disease such as
medicines, foods or activities are called उपशय. The aggravating factors
are called अनुपशय.
उपशय has eighteen types
अ�ादश उपशय औषध आहार चवहार
हेतु चवपरीत उ�ण ि� �योग in
वात कफज �वर
मांसरस �योग in
वातज �वर
चव�ाम in �मज
�वर
�ाचध चवपरीत रा�ा & गु�गुलु
�योग in वात�ाचध
यव �योग in
�थौ�य
िंिमण in �मेह
हेतु-�ाचध चवपरीत दशमूल �योग as
शोथहर & वातहर
in वाचतक शोथ
पेया �योग in
शीतज�य वाचतक
�वर
राच�जागरण in
च��ध आहार &
कदवा�व�ज�य त�िा
हेतु चवपरीताथधकारी उ�ण उपनाह �योग
in चपिज �ण
उ�ण & ती�ण ि�
�योग in कामला
developing य
in वातज उ�माद
�ाचध चवपरीताथधकारी मदनफल �योग in
��लास or छ�दध
दु�ध �योग in
अचतसार
�वाहण in ��लास
or छ�दध
हेतु-�ाचध चवपरीताथधकारी जांगल चवष �योग
in �थावर चवष
म� सेवन in
मदा�यय
�लवन -swimming
in उ��त�
Importance
गूढहलंग�ाचध उपशयानुपशया�यां परी�ेत् ।
Both the उपशय & अनुपशय helps in the diagnosis of गूढहलंग �ाचध (diseases
of complex symptoms).
12 Chikitsa
Importance
सं�ेपत� कियायोगो चनदानपररवजधनम् । (सु.उ.1/25)
Avoiding the etiological factors is the first line of treatment for all the
diseases. So चनदान not only helps in diagnosis but also helps in
prevention and treatment of disease.
2. पूवध�प
पूवध�पं �ागु�पचि ल�णं �ाधे । (ि.चन.1/8)
Before complete manifestation of disease, the pre-clinical symptoms or
prodromal symptoms are called पूवध�प.
It has two types
(1) सामा�य पूवध�प – e.g. – �वर सामा�य पूवध�प – �म अरचत चववणध व र�य नयन�लव
(2) चवशेष पूवध�प – e.g. – �वर चवशेष पूवध�प – जृ� ा in वातज �वर
नयनदाह in चपिज �वर
अन�ाच लाषा in कफज �वर
Importance
�थानसं�चयण� कुिा ाचव�ाचध �बोधकम् । (मा.चन.1/5-6)
At the stage of �थानसं�य, the prodromal symptoms (पूवध�प) arise and
indicate the upcoming disease. So पूवध�प helps in diagnosis as well as
prevention and treatment of disease at early stage.
3. �प (ल�ण)
�ाधे� �व�पं �िं तद् �पम् । (मधुकोष मा.चन. 1/7)
Signs and symptoms of disease are called �प or ल�ण.
It has two types
(1) सामा�य �प – general symptoms of disease
(2) चवशेष �प – specific symptoms of different types of disease – वातज,
चपताज, कफज etc.
Importance
�ाधे� �व�पं...
For proper diagnosis the physician must have knowledge of clinical
features of the disease.
4. उपशय
उपशय� पुन� हेतु�ाचधचवपरीतानां चवपरीताथधकाररणां ि
औषधाहारचवहाराणां उपयोग� सुखानुब�ध� ।
Therapeutic tests with use of relieving factors of the disease such as
medicines, foods or activities are called उपशय. The aggravating factors
are called अनुपशय.
उपशय has eighteen types
अ�ादश उपशय औषध आहार चवहार
हेतु चवपरीत उ�ण ि� �योग in
वात कफज �वर
मांसरस �योग in
वातज �वर
चव�ाम in �मज
�वर
�ाचध चवपरीत रा�ा & गु�गुलु
�योग in वात�ाचध
यव �योग in
�थौ�य
िंिमण in �मेह
हेतु-�ाचध चवपरीत दशमूल �योग as
शोथहर & वातहर
in वाचतक शोथ
पेया �योग in
शीतज�य वाचतक
�वर
राच�जागरण in
च��ध आहार &
कदवा�व�ज�य त�िा
हेतु चवपरीताथधकारी उ�ण उपनाह �योग
in चपिज �ण
उ�ण & ती�ण ि�
�योग in कामला
developing य
in वातज उ�माद
�ाचध चवपरीताथधकारी मदनफल �योग in
��लास or छ�दध
दु�ध �योग in
अचतसार
�वाहण in ��लास
or छ�दध
हेतु-�ाचध चवपरीताथधकारी जांगल चवष �योग
in �थावर चवष
म� सेवन in
मदा�यय
�लवन -swimming
in उ��त�
Importance
गूढहलंग�ाचध उपशयानुपशया�यां परी�ेत् ।
Both the उपशय & अनुपशय helps in the diagnosis of गूढहलंग �ाचध (diseases
of complex symptoms).
Rabin Singh
13 Chikitsa
5. स��ाच�
यथादु�ेन दोषेन यथा िानुचवस�पधता ।
चनवृचिरामय�यासौ स��ाच��जाचत�आगचत� ॥
The mechanisms by which the doshas get vitiated, and pathways
through which they produce the disease (pathogenesis), are called
स��ाच�. It has synonyms such as स��ाच�, जाचत, आगचत.
It has six types
(1) सं�या – number of types of disease – e.g. अ� �वर, पंि गु�म etc.
(2) �ाधा�य – predominant dosha in particular disease denoted by तर, तम.
(3) चवक�प – अंशांश क�पना of �कुचपत दोष that means the aggravated
qualities of dosha such as गु�-लघु, च��ध-��, शीतता-उ�णता etc..
(4) बल – strength of the disease.
(5) काल – relation of disease with time variations such as day, night,
seasonal changes, before and after food etc.
(6) चवचध – subtypes of disease other than number - e.g. उ�वधग & अधोग
रिचपि, नव�वर, जीणध�वर, पुनरावतधक �वर, मृद् �णज�य पा�डु etc.
As the कियाकाल also gives knowledge of pathogenesis of the disease,
the षड् कियाकालाs (six stages of the disease) are also considered as types
of स��ाच� itself.
Importance
स��ाच� चवघटनमेव चिकक�सा ।
Treatment is nothing but to break the pathogenesis of the disease.
षड् कियाकाल
Disease (�ाचध) is not a state; it is rather a process of changing
manifestations, involving different stages. The physician must have
knowledge of different stages of a particular disease for its prevention
and cure. In Ayurveda, the diiferent stages of the pathogenesis of
diseases are described as कियाकाल.
संियं ि �कोपं ि �सरं �थानसं�यम् ।
�हिं ेदं ि यो वेच�ि दोषाणां स वेद् च षक् ॥ (सु.सू.21/36)
There are six stages of the pathogenesis
1. संिय, 2. �कोप, 3. �सर, 4. �थानसं�य, 5. �ि, 6. ेद
Who has the knowledge of all these stages is called physician (च षक्).
These stages (अव�था) suggest the physician what action (किया) should
be taken to prevent or cure the disease, and that is why these are called
कियाकाल.
1. संिय (Acumulation of doshas)
‘संहचत �पा वृचि� िय’ Dosha-vriddhi in its own place (seat) is called chaya.
Accumulation of doshas first takes place in their normal seats of
predominance. Lakshanas of this stage are as follows
त� संचितानां खलु दोषाणां �त�धपूणधको�ता पीताव ासता म�दो�मता िांगानां
गौरवमाल�यं ियकारणचविेषिेचत हलंगाचन वच�त । (सु.सू. 21/18)
As soon as this accumulation starts, it is reflected in the mind in the form
of a desire for the qualities opposite to those of the particular dosha and
the patient develops hatred (िेष) for substances having similar qualities
of the accumulated dosha. दोषानुसार ल�णाs are
a. वात दोष संिय �त�धता – पूणधको�ता
b. चपि दोष संिय पीताव ासता – म�दो�मता
c. कफ दोष संिय अंग गौरवता – आल�य
13 Chikitsa
5. स��ाच�
यथादु�ेन दोषेन यथा िानुचवस�पधता ।
चनवृचिरामय�यासौ स��ाच��जाचत�आगचत� ॥
The mechanisms by which the doshas get vitiated, and pathways
through which they produce the disease (pathogenesis), are called
स��ाच�. It has synonyms such as स��ाच�, जाचत, आगचत.
It has six types
(1) सं�या – number of types of disease – e.g. अ� �वर, पंि गु�म etc.
(2) �ाधा�य – predominant dosha in particular disease denoted by तर, तम.
(3) चवक�प – अंशांश क�पना of �कुचपत दोष that means the aggravated
qualities of dosha such as गु�-लघु, च��ध-��, शीतता-उ�णता etc..
(4) बल – strength of the disease.
(5) काल – relation of disease with time variations such as day, night,
seasonal changes, before and after food etc.
(6) चवचध – subtypes of disease other than number - e.g. उ�वधग & अधोग
रिचपि, नव�वर, जीणध�वर, पुनरावतधक �वर, मृद् �णज�य पा�डु etc.
As the कियाकाल also gives knowledge of pathogenesis of the disease,
the षड् कियाकालाs (six stages of the disease) are also considered as types
of स��ाच� itself.
Importance
स��ाच� चवघटनमेव चिकक�सा ।
Treatment is nothing but to break the pathogenesis of the disease.
षड् कियाकाल
Disease (�ाचध) is not a state; it is rather a process of changing
manifestations, involving different stages. The physician must have
knowledge of different stages of a particular disease for its prevention
and cure. In Ayurveda, the diiferent stages of the pathogenesis of
diseases are described as कियाकाल.
संियं ि �कोपं ि �सरं �थानसं�यम् ।
�हिं ेदं ि यो वेच�ि दोषाणां स वेद् च षक् ॥ (सु.सू.21/36)
There are six stages of the pathogenesis
1. संिय, 2. �कोप, 3. �सर, 4. �थानसं�य, 5. �ि, 6. ेद
Who has the knowledge of all these stages is called physician (च षक्).
These stages (अव�था) suggest the physician what action (किया) should
be taken to prevent or cure the disease, and that is why these are called
कियाकाल.
1. संिय (Acumulation of doshas)
‘संहचत �पा वृचि� िय’ Dosha-vriddhi in its own place (seat) is called chaya.
Accumulation of doshas first takes place in their normal seats of
predominance. Lakshanas of this stage are as follows
त� संचितानां खलु दोषाणां �त�धपूणधको�ता पीताव ासता म�दो�मता िांगानां
गौरवमाल�यं ियकारणचविेषिेचत हलंगाचन वच�त । (सु.सू. 21/18)
As soon as this accumulation starts, it is reflected in the mind in the form
of a desire for the qualities opposite to those of the particular dosha and
the patient develops hatred (िेष) for substances having similar qualities
of the accumulated dosha. दोषानुसार ल�णाs are
a. वात दोष संिय �त�धता – पूणधको�ता
b. चपि दोष संिय पीताव ासता – म�दो�मता
c. कफ दोष संिय अंग गौरवता – आल�य
Rabin Singh
14 Chikitsa
2. �कोप (Aggravation of doshas)
‘चवलयन �पा वृचि� �कोप’ Dosha-vriddhi with its excitation or aggravation is
called prakopa. दोषानुसार �कोप ल�ण
तेषां �कोपात् को�तोदस�रणाच�लकाचपपासापररदाहा�िेष�दयो��लेदाि जाय�ते ।
(सु.सू.21/27)
a. वात �कोप को� तोद – स�रण (वायु स�रण)
b. चपि �कोप अच�लका (अ�लो�ार) – चपपासा (तृ�णा) – पररदाह
c. कफ �कोप अ�िेष (अ�चि) – �दयो��लेद (��लास)
Aggravations of doshas are of two types
i. िय पूवधक �कोप Aggravation of dosha followed by its
accumulation. This can be either (a) �वा ाचवक िय �कोप – such as
seasonal chaya & prakopa, or (b) अ�वा ाचवक िय �कोप – such as
chaya & prakopa due to चम�या आहार चवहार.
ii. अिय पूवधक �कोप Sudden aggravation of doshas can also be
occurred without the stage of accumulation (i.e. अिय) due to
harsh-activities (अचत�ायाम), day-sleep (कदवा�व�), sun-burn (आतप
सेवन), trauma (आग�तुज) etc.
3. �सर (Spread of aggravated doshas)
If the earlier stage (�कोपाव�था) is not treated, then the aggravated
doshas expand and overflow just like starch with yeast, when soaked in
water (चप�+सुराबीज+जल) for overnight, it gets fermented and rises up in
its vessel. In �सराव�था the doshas start expanding, overflowing from their
seats, and spreading to other parts of the body. दोषानुसार �सर ल�ण
एवं �कुचपतानां �सरतां वायो�वधमागधगमनाटोपो, ओषिोषपररदाहधूमायनाचन चपि�य,
अरोिकाचवपाकांगसाद�छ�दधिेचत �े�मणो हलंगाचन वच�त । (सु.सू. 21/32)
a. वात �सर वायु चवमागध गमन – आटोप
b. चपि �सर ओष – िोष – पररदाह – धूमायन
c. कफ �सर अ�चि – अचवपाक – अंग साद – छ�दध
There are 15 types of spread (�सर) of aggravated dosha
(1) वात (6) वात-कफ (11) वात-चपि-शोचणत
(2) चपि (7) चपि-कफ (12) वात-कफ-शोचणत
(3) कफ (8) वात-शोचणत (13) चपि-कफ-शोचणत
(4) रि (9) चपि-शोचणत (14) वात-चपि-कफ
(5) वात-चपि (10) कफ-शोचणत (15) वात-चपि-कफ-शोचणत
4. �थानसं�य (Localization of the aggravated doshas)
एवं �कुचपता� तां�ताञ् शरीर�देशानाग�य तां�तान् �ाधीन् जनयच�त । तेषामेव-
मच चनचव�ानां पूवध�प�ादु ाधव� ॥ (सु.सू. 21/33)
The aggravated doshas circulating in all over the body during �सराव�था,
if not treated properly, then advance to next stage and get settled or
localized in a part of the body, where they find favourable condition, or
weak tissue, organ, channel or vitiated srotas (ख व गु�य). This stage of
disease gives rise to prodromal symptoms (पूवध�प).
�कुचपत दोष gets �थानसं�य in different locations producing different types
of diseases
उदरगत गु�म –चविचध –उदर रोग –अचनसंग –आनाह –चवसूचिका –अचतसार etc.
बच�तगत �मेह – अ�मरी – मू�ाघात – मू�दोष etc.
मे�गत चन�ि�कश – उपदंश – शूकदोष etc.
वृषणगत वृचि रोग etc.
गुदगत ग�दर – अशध etc.
ऊ�वधज�ुगत ऊ�वधज�ुगत चवकार etc.
�वक् मांसरिगत �ुिरोग – कु� – चवसपध etc.
मेदोगत �च�थ – अपिी – अबुधद – गलग�ड – अलजी etc.
अच�थगत अच�थचविचध etc.
सच�धगत सच�धगत वात etc.
पादगत �ीपद – वातरि – वातक�टक etc.
14 Chikitsa
2. �कोप (Aggravation of doshas)
‘चवलयन �पा वृचि� �कोप’ Dosha-vriddhi with its excitation or aggravation is
called prakopa. दोषानुसार �कोप ल�ण
तेषां �कोपात् को�तोदस�रणाच�लकाचपपासापररदाहा�िेष�दयो��लेदाि जाय�ते ।
(सु.सू.21/27)
a. वात �कोप को� तोद – स�रण (वायु स�रण)
b. चपि �कोप अच�लका (अ�लो�ार) – चपपासा (तृ�णा) – पररदाह
c. कफ �कोप अ�िेष (अ�चि) – �दयो��लेद (��लास)
Aggravations of doshas are of two types
i. िय पूवधक �कोप Aggravation of dosha followed by its
accumulation. This can be either (a) �वा ाचवक िय �कोप – such as
seasonal chaya & prakopa, or (b) अ�वा ाचवक िय �कोप – such as
chaya & prakopa due to चम�या आहार चवहार.
ii. अिय पूवधक �कोप Sudden aggravation of doshas can also be
occurred without the stage of accumulation (i.e. अिय) due to
harsh-activities (अचत�ायाम), day-sleep (कदवा�व�), sun-burn (आतप
सेवन), trauma (आग�तुज) etc.
3. �सर (Spread of aggravated doshas)
If the earlier stage (�कोपाव�था) is not treated, then the aggravated
doshas expand and overflow just like starch with yeast, when soaked in
water (चप�+सुराबीज+जल) for overnight, it gets fermented and rises up in
its vessel. In �सराव�था the doshas start expanding, overflowing from their
seats, and spreading to other parts of the body. दोषानुसार �सर ल�ण
एवं �कुचपतानां �सरतां वायो�वधमागधगमनाटोपो, ओषिोषपररदाहधूमायनाचन चपि�य,
अरोिकाचवपाकांगसाद�छ�दधिेचत �े�मणो हलंगाचन वच�त । (सु.सू. 21/32)
a. वात �सर वायु चवमागध गमन – आटोप
b. चपि �सर ओष – िोष – पररदाह – धूमायन
c. कफ �सर अ�चि – अचवपाक – अंग साद – छ�दध
There are 15 types of spread (�सर) of aggravated dosha
(1) वात (6) वात-कफ (11) वात-चपि-शोचणत
(2) चपि (7) चपि-कफ (12) वात-कफ-शोचणत
(3) कफ (8) वात-शोचणत (13) चपि-कफ-शोचणत
(4) रि (9) चपि-शोचणत (14) वात-चपि-कफ
(5) वात-चपि (10) कफ-शोचणत (15) वात-चपि-कफ-शोचणत
4. �थानसं�य (Localization of the aggravated doshas)
एवं �कुचपता� तां�ताञ् शरीर�देशानाग�य तां�तान् �ाधीन् जनयच�त । तेषामेव-
मच चनचव�ानां पूवध�प�ादु ाधव� ॥ (सु.सू. 21/33)
The aggravated doshas circulating in all over the body during �सराव�था,
if not treated properly, then advance to next stage and get settled or
localized in a part of the body, where they find favourable condition, or
weak tissue, organ, channel or vitiated srotas (ख व गु�य). This stage of
disease gives rise to prodromal symptoms (पूवध�प).
�कुचपत दोष gets �थानसं�य in different locations producing different types
of diseases
उदरगत गु�म –चविचध –उदर रोग –अचनसंग –आनाह –चवसूचिका –अचतसार etc.
बच�तगत �मेह – अ�मरी – मू�ाघात – मू�दोष etc.
मे�गत चन�ि�कश – उपदंश – शूकदोष etc.
वृषणगत वृचि रोग etc.
गुदगत ग�दर – अशध etc.
ऊ�वधज�ुगत ऊ�वधज�ुगत चवकार etc.
�वक् मांसरिगत �ुिरोग – कु� – चवसपध etc.
मेदोगत �च�थ – अपिी – अबुधद – गलग�ड – अलजी etc.
अच�थगत अच�थचविचध etc.
सच�धगत सच�धगत वात etc.
पादगत �ीपद – वातरि – वातक�टक etc.
Rabin Singh
15 Chikitsa
5. �ि (Manifestation of signs & symptoms of disease)
Later on दोष-दू�य-स�मू�छधन gets completed and the complete
manifestation of signs and symptoms (�प) of the disease takes place. If
the disease is not treated in पूवध�पाव�था, it advances to �पाव�था.
For example: �वर ल�ण स�ताप (increased body temperature),
अचतसार ल�ण अचतिव सरण (excessive passage of watery stool) etc.
6. ेद (Chronicity or Differentiation of disease)
After some time if the disease pocess continues, then the disease
becomes chronic, and the physician can differentiate the exact types of
dosha vitiation. If this stage is not treated properly, then complications
may occur and disease becomes incurable (असा�य).
Importance of Kriyakala
1. ‘कियाकालो चिकक�सा अवसर�’ The knowledge of stages of disease
provides opportunity to prevent it in earlier stage or treat it properly.
2. Kriyakala helps to understand the progress of diseases as well as to
plan suitable preventive measures.
3. If the physician skips the earlier stages due to any reason and
disease progresses to later stage, then also he can treat the disease
and stop it to progress further with the help of Kriyakala.
4. Different stages require different types of treatment measures those
should be apllied to the respective stages only
i. संियाव�था रोग-अनु�पचिकर चिकक�सा
ii. �कोपाव�था हेतु चवपरीत चिकक�सा दोष ��यनीक चिकक�सा
iii. �सराव�था हेतु चवपरीत चिकक�सा
iv. �थानसं�याव�था दोष & दू�य चिकक�सा उ य��यनीक चिकक�सा
v. �िाव�था �ाचध चवचश� चिकक�सा
vi. ेदाव�था जीणध �ाचध चवचश� चिकक�सा �ाचध ��यनीक चिकक�सा
वृचि & �य of दोष - धातु - मल
सामा�य चनदान of दोषधातुमल �य
�� & अ�प आहार – अनशन – अचत�ायाम – अचत�वाय – �जागर – आतप सेवन –
मा�त सेवन – चि�ता – शोक – य – कफ शोचणत शुि मल अचतवतधन – जीणध आयु etc.
सवधदा सवध ावानां सामा�यं वृचिकारणम् ।
�ासहेतु� चवशेषि .....॥ (ि.सू.1/44-45)
Indulgence in the foods & activities (आहार-चवहार) of similar qualities
(सामा�य) results in वृचि, whereas the foods & activities of dissimilar
qualities (चवशेष) result in �य.
चनदान of वात-वृचि (वात�कोप)
a. आहारज चनदान कटु चति कषाय रस अचतसेवन – �� लघु शीतवीयध आहार सेवन
– अनशन – चवषमाशन – सतीन – कलाय – मसूर – आढकी – शु�क शाक etc.
b. चवहारज चनदान अचत�ायाम – अचत�वाय – लंघन (उपवास) – �लवन – पतन –
अच घात – राच�जागरण – वेगधारण etc.
c. मानचसक चनदान अचत शोक – चि�ता – य – �लाचन etc.
d. अ�य चनदान धातु �य – रि�ाव – सांयकाल – वषाध ऋतु – वृिाव�था etc.
चनदान of चपि-वृचि (चपि�कोप)
a. आहारज चनदान कटु अ�ल लवण रस अचतसेवन – �ार ती�ण चवदाही उ�णवीयध
आहार सेवन – अ�यशन – चतल – अतसी – सषधप – कुल�थ – माष – हररतशाक –
कांजी – दचध – मांस of म��य, गोधा, वाराह, माचहष, ग�, अचवक etc.
b. चवहारज चनदान अचत आतप सेवन – अचत िी �संग – अचत�ायाम etc.
c. मानचसक चनदान िोध – शोक – य – ई�याध – िेष etc.
d. अ�य चनदान म�या�न काल – म�य राच� – शरद ऋतु – म�याव�था etc.
15 Chikitsa
5. �ि (Manifestation of signs & symptoms of disease)
Later on दोष-दू�य-स�मू�छधन gets completed and the complete
manifestation of signs and symptoms (�प) of the disease takes place. If
the disease is not treated in पूवध�पाव�था, it advances to �पाव�था.
For example: �वर ल�ण स�ताप (increased body temperature),
अचतसार ल�ण अचतिव सरण (excessive passage of watery stool) etc.
6. ेद (Chronicity or Differentiation of disease)
After some time if the disease pocess continues, then the disease
becomes chronic, and the physician can differentiate the exact types of
dosha vitiation. If this stage is not treated properly, then complications
may occur and disease becomes incurable (असा�य).
Importance of Kriyakala
1. ‘कियाकालो चिकक�सा अवसर�’ The knowledge of stages of disease
provides opportunity to prevent it in earlier stage or treat it properly.
2. Kriyakala helps to understand the progress of diseases as well as to
plan suitable preventive measures.
3. If the physician skips the earlier stages due to any reason and
disease progresses to later stage, then also he can treat the disease
and stop it to progress further with the help of Kriyakala.
4. Different stages require different types of treatment measures those
should be apllied to the respective stages only
i. संियाव�था रोग-अनु�पचिकर चिकक�सा
ii. �कोपाव�था हेतु चवपरीत चिकक�सा दोष ��यनीक चिकक�सा
iii. �सराव�था हेतु चवपरीत चिकक�सा
iv. �थानसं�याव�था दोष & दू�य चिकक�सा उ य��यनीक चिकक�सा
v. �िाव�था �ाचध चवचश� चिकक�सा
vi. ेदाव�था जीणध �ाचध चवचश� चिकक�सा �ाचध ��यनीक चिकक�सा
वृचि & �य of दोष - धातु - मल
सामा�य चनदान of दोषधातुमल �य
�� & अ�प आहार – अनशन – अचत�ायाम – अचत�वाय – �जागर – आतप सेवन –
मा�त सेवन – चि�ता – शोक – य – कफ शोचणत शुि मल अचतवतधन – जीणध आयु etc.
सवधदा सवध ावानां सामा�यं वृचिकारणम् ।
�ासहेतु� चवशेषि .....॥ (ि.सू.1/44-45)
Indulgence in the foods & activities (आहार-चवहार) of similar qualities
(सामा�य) results in वृचि, whereas the foods & activities of dissimilar
qualities (चवशेष) result in �य.
चनदान of वात-वृचि (वात�कोप)
a. आहारज चनदान कटु चति कषाय रस अचतसेवन – �� लघु शीतवीयध आहार सेवन
– अनशन – चवषमाशन – सतीन – कलाय – मसूर – आढकी – शु�क शाक etc.
b. चवहारज चनदान अचत�ायाम – अचत�वाय – लंघन (उपवास) – �लवन – पतन –
अच घात – राच�जागरण – वेगधारण etc.
c. मानचसक चनदान अचत शोक – चि�ता – य – �लाचन etc.
d. अ�य चनदान धातु �य – रि�ाव – सांयकाल – वषाध ऋतु – वृिाव�था etc.
चनदान of चपि-वृचि (चपि�कोप)
a. आहारज चनदान कटु अ�ल लवण रस अचतसेवन – �ार ती�ण चवदाही उ�णवीयध
आहार सेवन – अ�यशन – चतल – अतसी – सषधप – कुल�थ – माष – हररतशाक –
कांजी – दचध – मांस of म��य, गोधा, वाराह, माचहष, ग�, अचवक etc.
b. चवहारज चनदान अचत आतप सेवन – अचत िी �संग – अचत�ायाम etc.
c. मानचसक चनदान िोध – शोक – य – ई�याध – िेष etc.
d. अ�य चनदान म�या�न काल – म�य राच� – शरद ऋतु – म�याव�था etc.
Rabin Singh
16 Chikitsa
चनदान of कफ-वृचि (कफ�कोप)
a. आहारज चनदान मधुर अ�ल लवण रस अचतसेवन – गु� च��ध चपच�छल अच �यच�द
शीतवीयध आहार सेवन – अ�यशन – समशन – नवा� – इ�ुरस – गुड चवकार – �ीर
चवकार – दचध – गोधूम – माष – चतलचप� – आनूप मांस etc.
b. चवहारज चनदान कदवा�व� – अचत�व� – अ�ायाम – आल�य etc.
c. मानचसक चनदान हषध – संतोष – अचि�ता – तमोगुण �धानता etc.
d. अ�य चनदान �ात� काल – ोजनोपरांत – वसंत ऋतु – बा�याव�था etc.
वृचि ल�ण चिकक�सा
वात वृचि का�यध – का��यध –
उ�णकाचम�व – कं प –
आनाह – शकृ द् �ह – बल
इच�िय �ंश – �लाप – �म
– दीनता
• �ेहन-�वेदन पिात् मृदु संशोधन
• अनुवासन & चन�ह बच�त
• न�य, ग�डूष, धूमपान
• चशरोबच�त, अ�यंग, मदधन, वे�न
• मधुर-अ�ल-लवण रस युि, उ�ण & च��ध आहार
• वातशामक ि� �योग – चतलत ल, दशमूल,
रा�ा, एर�ड, चनगुध�डी, अकध, हररिा, बला,
अ�ग�धा, लशुन, मांसरस etc.
चपि वृचि पीत चवट् मू� ने� �वक् –
�ुदा – तृ�णा – दाह –
संताप – मू�छाध –
अ�पचनिता – शीतकाचम�व
• चवरेिन & रिमो�ण
• शीत �देह, पररषेक, अ�यंग
• मधुर-चति, कषाय रस �धान & शीत ि� सेवन
• �ीर & घृत �योग
• चपिशामक ि� �योग – पंिचति, ि�दन,
उशीर, �ीबेर, मुिा, �वाल, यच�मधु etc.
कफ वृचि अचनसदन (अचनमा��) –
�सेक – आल�य – गौरव –
� �य (�ेतता) – श �य
(शीतता) – �थांग�व –
�ास – कास – अचतचनिता
• �वेदन, वमन, चशरोचवरेिन �योग
• ती�ण चवरेिन
• �ायाम, �� उितधन
• कटु-चति-कषाय रस, ती�ण, ऊ�ण, �� आहार
• कफशामक ि� �योग – मधु, पंिकोल, च�कटु,
च�फला, लवंग, यव�ार etc.
�य ल�ण चिकक�सा
वात �य साद – अ�प ाचषता –
सं�ानाश – मोह –
कफवृचि ल�ण
• कटु-चति, कषाय रस �धान, ��, लघु, शीत गुण
�धान ि� �योग – मु�, सतीन, कलाय, आढकी,
जांगल मांसरस etc.
• राच�जागरण, �ायाम, चि�ता
चपि �य म�दो�मा – म�दाचन
(अचनमा��) – � ाहाचन
• कटु-अ�ल-लवण रस �धान, �ार, ती�ण,
उ�णवीयध ि� �योग – चतल, माष, कु ल�थ,
अतसी, म��य मांस, च�कटु etc.
• आतपसेवन, �ायाम
कफ �य �म – �े�माशय शू�य�व –
�द् िव – �थसंचधता
• मधुर-अ�ल-लवण रस �धान, गु�, च��ध,
चपच�छल, शीतवीयध ि� �योग – नवा�, गोधूम,
इ�ुरस, गुड चवकार, �ीर, दचध, आनूप मांस etc.
• कदवा�व�, चव�ाम, हषध (अचि�ता)
ि. धातु वृचि ल�ण �य ल�ण
1 रस अचनमा�� – �सेक – उ��लेद –
आल�य – गौरव – � �य – श चथ�य –
कास – �ास – अचतचनिा
श�द असचह�णुता – �द् िव – ��पीडा
– �लाचन – �लम – शू�यता – तृ�णा –
शोष – �ाकृ त कमध �ास – रिाकद धातु
अपिय
2 रि चवसपध – �लीहावृचि – चविचध – कु � –
वातरि – रिचपि – गु�म – उपकु श
– कामला – �ंग – अचननाश –
स�मोह – �वक् ने� मू� रिवणधता
रिा�पता – पा�डु – �वक् ��ता –
�वक् �फोटन – चसरा श चथ�य – �वक्
�लानता – अचनमा�� – चशर�क�प –
�म – चतचमर
3 मांस च�फक्-ग�ड-औ�-चश�-उ�-बा�-जंघा
�थूलता – गौरव – अचधमांस – अबुधद –
अशध – ओ� �कोप
च�फक्-ग�ड-औ�-चश�-व�-�ीवा-
क�ा-उ�-उदर शु�कता – ��ता –
तोद – �म – धमनी श चथ�य –
संचधवेदना – ने� �लाचन
4 मेद च��धांगता – उदर पा�ध – वृचि –
कास – �ास – दौगध��य – �ुदातुर –
तृ�णा – चनिा – �मेह – �थौ�य
�लीहा वृचि – संचधशू�यता – ��ता –
मांस �ण अच लाषा – संचध�फु टन –
कृ शता
16 Chikitsa
चनदान of कफ-वृचि (कफ�कोप)
a. आहारज चनदान मधुर अ�ल लवण रस अचतसेवन – गु� च��ध चपच�छल अच �यच�द
शीतवीयध आहार सेवन – अ�यशन – समशन – नवा� – इ�ुरस – गुड चवकार – �ीर
चवकार – दचध – गोधूम – माष – चतलचप� – आनूप मांस etc.
b. चवहारज चनदान कदवा�व� – अचत�व� – अ�ायाम – आल�य etc.
c. मानचसक चनदान हषध – संतोष – अचि�ता – तमोगुण �धानता etc.
d. अ�य चनदान �ात� काल – ोजनोपरांत – वसंत ऋतु – बा�याव�था etc.
वृचि ल�ण चिकक�सा
वात वृचि का�यध – का��यध –
उ�णकाचम�व – कं प –
आनाह – शकृ द् �ह – बल
इच�िय �ंश – �लाप – �म
– दीनता
• �ेहन-�वेदन पिात् मृदु संशोधन
• अनुवासन & चन�ह बच�त
• न�य, ग�डूष, धूमपान
• चशरोबच�त, अ�यंग, मदधन, वे�न
• मधुर-अ�ल-लवण रस युि, उ�ण & च��ध आहार
• वातशामक ि� �योग – चतलत ल, दशमूल,
रा�ा, एर�ड, चनगुध�डी, अकध, हररिा, बला,
अ�ग�धा, लशुन, मांसरस etc.
चपि वृचि पीत चवट् मू� ने� �वक् –
�ुदा – तृ�णा – दाह –
संताप – मू�छाध –
अ�पचनिता – शीतकाचम�व
• चवरेिन & रिमो�ण
• शीत �देह, पररषेक, अ�यंग
• मधुर-चति, कषाय रस �धान & शीत ि� सेवन
• �ीर & घृत �योग
• चपिशामक ि� �योग – पंिचति, ि�दन,
उशीर, �ीबेर, मुिा, �वाल, यच�मधु etc.
कफ वृचि अचनसदन (अचनमा��) –
�सेक – आल�य – गौरव –
� �य (�ेतता) – श �य
(शीतता) – �थांग�व –
�ास – कास – अचतचनिता
• �वेदन, वमन, चशरोचवरेिन �योग
• ती�ण चवरेिन
• �ायाम, �� उितधन
• कटु-चति-कषाय रस, ती�ण, ऊ�ण, �� आहार
• कफशामक ि� �योग – मधु, पंिकोल, च�कटु,
च�फला, लवंग, यव�ार etc.
�य ल�ण चिकक�सा
वात �य साद – अ�प ाचषता –
सं�ानाश – मोह –
कफवृचि ल�ण
• कटु-चति, कषाय रस �धान, ��, लघु, शीत गुण
�धान ि� �योग – मु�, सतीन, कलाय, आढकी,
जांगल मांसरस etc.
• राच�जागरण, �ायाम, चि�ता
चपि �य म�दो�मा – म�दाचन
(अचनमा��) – � ाहाचन
• कटु-अ�ल-लवण रस �धान, �ार, ती�ण,
उ�णवीयध ि� �योग – चतल, माष, कु ल�थ,
अतसी, म��य मांस, च�कटु etc.
• आतपसेवन, �ायाम
कफ �य �म – �े�माशय शू�य�व –
�द् िव – �थसंचधता
• मधुर-अ�ल-लवण रस �धान, गु�, च��ध,
चपच�छल, शीतवीयध ि� �योग – नवा�, गोधूम,
इ�ुरस, गुड चवकार, �ीर, दचध, आनूप मांस etc.
• कदवा�व�, चव�ाम, हषध (अचि�ता)
ि. धातु वृचि ल�ण �य ल�ण
1 रस अचनमा�� – �सेक – उ��लेद –
आल�य – गौरव – � �य – श चथ�य –
कास – �ास – अचतचनिा
श�द असचह�णुता – �द् िव – ��पीडा
– �लाचन – �लम – शू�यता – तृ�णा –
शोष – �ाकृ त कमध �ास – रिाकद धातु
अपिय
2 रि चवसपध – �लीहावृचि – चविचध – कु � –
वातरि – रिचपि – गु�म – उपकु श
– कामला – �ंग – अचननाश –
स�मोह – �वक् ने� मू� रिवणधता
रिा�पता – पा�डु – �वक् ��ता –
�वक् �फोटन – चसरा श चथ�य – �वक्
�लानता – अचनमा�� – चशर�क�प –
�म – चतचमर
3 मांस च�फक्-ग�ड-औ�-चश�-उ�-बा�-जंघा
�थूलता – गौरव – अचधमांस – अबुधद –
अशध – ओ� �कोप
च�फक्-ग�ड-औ�-चश�-व�-�ीवा-
क�ा-उ�-उदर शु�कता – ��ता –
तोद – �म – धमनी श चथ�य –
संचधवेदना – ने� �लाचन
4 मेद च��धांगता – उदर पा�ध – वृचि –
कास – �ास – दौगध��य – �ुदातुर –
तृ�णा – चनिा – �मेह – �थौ�य
�लीहा वृचि – संचधशू�यता – ��ता –
मांस �ण अच लाषा – संचध�फु टन –
कृ शता
Rabin Singh
17 Chikitsa
ि. धातु वृचि ल�ण �य ल�ण
5 अच�थ अ�यच�थ – अचधद�त – के श नख
अचतवृचि
अच�थशूल – संचधशूल – अच�थ
चशचथलता – के श लोम नख �म�ु
रोमाकद �पतन
6 म�ा सवा�ग & ने� गौरव – तमोदशधन – �म
– मू�छाध – अच�थ पवध �ण
अ�पशुिता – पवध ेद – अच�थ चछिता
– अच�थ चन�तोद – �म – चतचमर
7 शुि शुिा�मरी – शुि अचत�वृचि –
�व�दोष – अचतिीकामता – शुि
�दोषज चवकार
दौबध�य – मुखशोष – पा�डु – सदन –
�म – �ल �य – शुि चिर�ाव – मे�
वृषण वेदना
ि. उपधातु वृचि ल�ण �य ल�ण
1 �त�य �तन �थूलता – मु�मुध�� �त�य �वृचि –
�तन तोद
�तन�लानता – �ीरा�पता – �ीर
अनु�पचि
2 आतधव आतधव अचत�वृचि (रि �दर) – अंगमदध
– दौबध�य – दाह – पा�डु – दौगध��य
यथा उचितकाल अदशधन – अ�प
आतधव – योचनवेदना
3 क�डरा,
चसरा,
�ायु
संकोि – ख�ली आकद चवकार क�डरा चसरा �ायु �दोषज चवकार –
�त� – �च�थ – �फु रण – सुच�
ि. मल वृचि ल�ण �य ल�ण
1 पुरीष कु च� शूल – आटोप – आ�मान – कु च�
गौरव – वेदना
�दय पा�ध पीडा – आ��कूं जन –
सश�द मल �वृचि – वायु उ�वधगमन
– कु च� संिरण
2 मू� मू�ाचध�य – मु�मुध�� मू� �वृचि –
बच�ततोद – आ�मान
अ�पमू�ता – बच�ततोद – मू�कृ �र
– अचततृ�णा – मुख शु�कता – मू�
व व�यध
3 �वेद तक् दौगध��य – क�डू – अचत�वेद –
रोमहषध
रोमकू प अवरोध – रोमकू प �त�धता
– �वक् ��ता – �वक् �फु टन – �पशध
�ान अ ाव – रोम �पतन
दोष-धातु-मल वृचि & �य चिकक�सा
दोषा� �ीणा बृंहचयत�ा�, कुचपता� �शमचयत�ा�, वृिा� चनहधतध�ा�,
समा� पररपा�या इचत चसिा�त� । (सु.चि.33/3)
To maintain the health of a patient, the physician should increase the
decreased dosha, or decrease the increased dosha to bring the
equilibrium state of dosha, with respective treatment measures.
सवधदा सवध ावानां सामा�यं वृचिकारणम् ।
�ासहेतु� चवशेषि .....॥ (ि.सू.1/44-45)
In case of वृचि , the physician should use चवशेष चिकक�सा as the foods
and activities of dissimilar qualities of dosha, dhatu & mala cause �य
and bring it to normal state.
In case of �य, the physician should use सामा�य चिकक�सा as the foods
and activities of similar qualities of dosha, dhatu & mala cause वृचि and
bring it to normal state.
रसधातु �दोष चिकक�सा लंघन (उपवास)
रि �दोष चिकक�सा रिचपिशामक चिकक�सा – चवरेिन – रिमो�ण
मांस �दोष चिकक�सा संशोधन (पंिकमध) – शिकमध – �ारकमध –अचनकमध
मेदो �दोष चिकक�सा अपतपधण or कषधण – �थौ�यहर & कफ-मेदोहर चिकक�सा
अच�थ �दोष चिकक�सा पंिकमध – चति �ीर बच�त – चति घृत �योग
म�ा �दोष चिकक�सा मधुर चति ि� – �वाय – �ायाम – यथाकाल संशोधन
शुि �दोष चिकक�सा शुिल ि� �योग – शोधन – वाजीकरण
पुरीष वृचि चिकक�सा मलचवरेिक & चवबंधहर ि��योग (e.g.एर�डत ल,हरीतकी etc.)
पुरीष �य चिकक�सा यव, माष, कु�माष, शाक, धा�या�ल आकद मलवधधक ि� �योग.
मू� वृचि चिकक�सा गो�ुराकद मू�ल or मू�चवरेिनीय ि� �योग
मू� �य चिकक�सा इ�ुरस, वा�णीम�ड, िव, मधुर अ�ल लवण मू�वधधक ि� �योग
�वेद वृचि चिकक�सा चपिशामक ि�, पंिचति घृत गु�गुलु �योग
�वेद �य चिकक�सा अ�यंग पिात �वेदन ि� �योग
17 Chikitsa
ि. धातु वृचि ल�ण �य ल�ण
5 अच�थ अ�यच�थ – अचधद�त – के श नख
अचतवृचि
अच�थशूल – संचधशूल – अच�थ
चशचथलता – के श लोम नख �म�ु
रोमाकद �पतन
6 म�ा सवा�ग & ने� गौरव – तमोदशधन – �म
– मू�छाध – अच�थ पवध �ण
अ�पशुिता – पवध ेद – अच�थ चछिता
– अच�थ चन�तोद – �म – चतचमर
7 शुि शुिा�मरी – शुि अचत�वृचि –
�व�दोष – अचतिीकामता – शुि
�दोषज चवकार
दौबध�य – मुखशोष – पा�डु – सदन –
�म – �ल �य – शुि चिर�ाव – मे�
वृषण वेदना
ि. उपधातु वृचि ल�ण �य ल�ण
1 �त�य �तन �थूलता – मु�मुध�� �त�य �वृचि –
�तन तोद
�तन�लानता – �ीरा�पता – �ीर
अनु�पचि
2 आतधव आतधव अचत�वृचि (रि �दर) – अंगमदध
– दौबध�य – दाह – पा�डु – दौगध��य
यथा उचितकाल अदशधन – अ�प
आतधव – योचनवेदना
3 क�डरा,
चसरा,
�ायु
संकोि – ख�ली आकद चवकार क�डरा चसरा �ायु �दोषज चवकार –
�त� – �च�थ – �फु रण – सुच�
ि. मल वृचि ल�ण �य ल�ण
1 पुरीष कु च� शूल – आटोप – आ�मान – कु च�
गौरव – वेदना
�दय पा�ध पीडा – आ��कूं जन –
सश�द मल �वृचि – वायु उ�वधगमन
– कु च� संिरण
2 मू� मू�ाचध�य – मु�मुध�� मू� �वृचि –
बच�ततोद – आ�मान
अ�पमू�ता – बच�ततोद – मू�कृ �र
– अचततृ�णा – मुख शु�कता – मू�
व व�यध
3 �वेद तक् दौगध��य – क�डू – अचत�वेद –
रोमहषध
रोमकू प अवरोध – रोमकू प �त�धता
– �वक् ��ता – �वक् �फु टन – �पशध
�ान अ ाव – रोम �पतन
दोष-धातु-मल वृचि & �य चिकक�सा
दोषा� �ीणा बृंहचयत�ा�, कुचपता� �शमचयत�ा�, वृिा� चनहधतध�ा�,
समा� पररपा�या इचत चसिा�त� । (सु.चि.33/3)
To maintain the health of a patient, the physician should increase the
decreased dosha, or decrease the increased dosha to bring the
equilibrium state of dosha, with respective treatment measures.
सवधदा सवध ावानां सामा�यं वृचिकारणम् ।
�ासहेतु� चवशेषि .....॥ (ि.सू.1/44-45)
In case of वृचि , the physician should use चवशेष चिकक�सा as the foods
and activities of dissimilar qualities of dosha, dhatu & mala cause �य
and bring it to normal state.
In case of �य, the physician should use सामा�य चिकक�सा as the foods
and activities of similar qualities of dosha, dhatu & mala cause वृचि and
bring it to normal state.
रसधातु �दोष चिकक�सा लंघन (उपवास)
रि �दोष चिकक�सा रिचपिशामक चिकक�सा – चवरेिन – रिमो�ण
मांस �दोष चिकक�सा संशोधन (पंिकमध) – शिकमध – �ारकमध –अचनकमध
मेदो �दोष चिकक�सा अपतपधण or कषधण – �थौ�यहर & कफ-मेदोहर चिकक�सा
अच�थ �दोष चिकक�सा पंिकमध – चति �ीर बच�त – चति घृत �योग
म�ा �दोष चिकक�सा मधुर चति ि� – �वाय – �ायाम – यथाकाल संशोधन
शुि �दोष चिकक�सा शुिल ि� �योग – शोधन – वाजीकरण
पुरीष वृचि चिकक�सा मलचवरेिक & चवबंधहर ि��योग (e.g.एर�डत ल,हरीतकी etc.)
पुरीष �य चिकक�सा यव, माष, कु�माष, शाक, धा�या�ल आकद मलवधधक ि� �योग.
मू� वृचि चिकक�सा गो�ुराकद मू�ल or मू�चवरेिनीय ि� �योग
मू� �य चिकक�सा इ�ुरस, वा�णीम�ड, िव, मधुर अ�ल लवण मू�वधधक ि� �योग
�वेद वृचि चिकक�सा चपिशामक ि�, पंिचति घृत गु�गुलु �योग
�वेद �य चिकक�सा अ�यंग पिात �वेदन ि� �योग
Rabin Singh
18 Chikitsa
ओज
ओज�तु तेजो धातूनां शुिा�तानां परं �मृतम् । (अ.�.सू 11/37)
Ojas is the essence of all the saptadhatu and it is formed after the
shukradhatu. It is also called बल or �ाकृत �े�मा.
ओज �थान �दय
ओज �कार 1. पर ओज अ�चब�दु �माण & �दय गत
2. अपर ओज अधध अंजली �माण & सवधशरीर गत
ओज गुण गु� शीतं मृदु ��णं बहलं मधुरं च�थरम् ।
�स�ं चपच�छल च��धं ओजो दशगुण �मृतम् ॥ (ि.चि.24/31)
ओज कमध �ाकृत�तु बलं �े�मा । (ि.सू.17/73)
Ojas is responsible for the natural strength (innate immunity) of the body.
Its functions are to nourish the body, to provide strength and
immunity, to make voice and complexion pleasant, to support life by
residing in hridaya pradesha. Loss of ojas leads to death.
ओजोदु�ी हेतु (चनदान)
�� & अ�प आहार – अनशन (�ुधा) – अचत�ायाम – अचत�वाय – �व� चवपयधय –
चि�ता – िोध – शोक – य – कफ शोचणत शुि मल अचतवतधन (चनहधरण) – धातु�य –
अच घात – जीणध आयु (वृिाव�था) etc.
ओजोदु�ी
There are three types of ojovaha sroto-dushti
1. ओजो चव�ंस – Displacement of ojas from its normal place.
2. ओजो �ापत् – Vitiation of ojas due to dushta dosha and dushya.
3. ओजो �य – Decrease of ojas in its normal quantity.
ओजोचव�ंस ल�ण सच�धचव�ेषो गा�ाणां सदनं दोष�यवनं कियासच�रोधि चव�ंसे ।
- सच�ध चव�ेष (Looseness of the joints)
- गा� सदन (Weakness of the body)
- दोष �यवन (Displacement of doshas)
- किया सच�रोध (Impairment in activities)
ओजो�ापद ल�ण �त�धगु�गा�ता वातशोफो वणध ेदो �लाचन�त�िाचनिा ि �ाप�े ।
- �त�धगु�गा�ता (Stiffness & heaviness in body)
- वातशोफ (Swelling due to vata)
- वणध ेदो (Discolouration or loss of complexion)
- �लाचन (Exhaustion)
- त�िा & चनिा (Drowsiness and excessive sleep)
ओजो�य ल�ण मू�छाध मांस�यो मोह� �लापो मरणचमचत ि �ये ।
- मू�छाध (Fainting)
- मांस�य (Muscle wasting)
- मोह (Unconsciousness)
- �लाप (Delirium)
- मरण (Death)
ओजोदु�ी चिकक�सा
In case of vitiation of ojovaha srotas, the physician should use �� &
ओजोsनुकूल चवशेष किया,
मधुर, च��ध, शीतवीयध, लघु, जीवनीय गण, ब�य, रसायन, ओजोवधधक ि� �योग.
चन�य गोदु�ध & गोघृत सेवन.
प�य आहार & चवहार सेवन.
हषध & अचि�ता.
As the ओज-�याव�था is incurable (असा�य) it should not be treated.
18 Chikitsa
ओज
ओज�तु तेजो धातूनां शुिा�तानां परं �मृतम् । (अ.�.सू 11/37)
Ojas is the essence of all the saptadhatu and it is formed after the
shukradhatu. It is also called बल or �ाकृत �े�मा.
ओज �थान �दय
ओज �कार 1. पर ओज अ�चब�दु �माण & �दय गत
2. अपर ओज अधध अंजली �माण & सवधशरीर गत
ओज गुण गु� शीतं मृदु ��णं बहलं मधुरं च�थरम् ।
�स�ं चपच�छल च��धं ओजो दशगुण �मृतम् ॥ (ि.चि.24/31)
ओज कमध �ाकृत�तु बलं �े�मा । (ि.सू.17/73)
Ojas is responsible for the natural strength (innate immunity) of the body.
Its functions are to nourish the body, to provide strength and
immunity, to make voice and complexion pleasant, to support life by
residing in hridaya pradesha. Loss of ojas leads to death.
ओजोदु�ी हेतु (चनदान)
�� & अ�प आहार – अनशन (�ुधा) – अचत�ायाम – अचत�वाय – �व� चवपयधय –
चि�ता – िोध – शोक – य – कफ शोचणत शुि मल अचतवतधन (चनहधरण) – धातु�य –
अच घात – जीणध आयु (वृिाव�था) etc.
ओजोदु�ी
There are three types of ojovaha sroto-dushti
1. ओजो चव�ंस – Displacement of ojas from its normal place.
2. ओजो �ापत् – Vitiation of ojas due to dushta dosha and dushya.
3. ओजो �य – Decrease of ojas in its normal quantity.
ओजोचव�ंस ल�ण सच�धचव�ेषो गा�ाणां सदनं दोष�यवनं कियासच�रोधि चव�ंसे ।
- सच�ध चव�ेष (Looseness of the joints)
- गा� सदन (Weakness of the body)
- दोष �यवन (Displacement of doshas)
- किया सच�रोध (Impairment in activities)
ओजो�ापद ल�ण �त�धगु�गा�ता वातशोफो वणध ेदो �लाचन�त�िाचनिा ि �ाप�े ।
- �त�धगु�गा�ता (Stiffness & heaviness in body)
- वातशोफ (Swelling due to vata)
- वणध ेदो (Discolouration or loss of complexion)
- �लाचन (Exhaustion)
- त�िा & चनिा (Drowsiness and excessive sleep)
ओजो�य ल�ण मू�छाध मांस�यो मोह� �लापो मरणचमचत ि �ये ।
- मू�छाध (Fainting)
- मांस�य (Muscle wasting)
- मोह (Unconsciousness)
- �लाप (Delirium)
- मरण (Death)
ओजोदु�ी चिकक�सा
In case of vitiation of ojovaha srotas, the physician should use �� &
ओजोsनुकूल चवशेष किया,
मधुर, च��ध, शीतवीयध, लघु, जीवनीय गण, ब�य, रसायन, ओजोवधधक ि� �योग.
चन�य गोदु�ध & गोघृत सेवन.
प�य आहार & चवहार सेवन.
हषध & अचि�ता.
As the ओज-�याव�था is incurable (असा�य) it should not be treated.
Rabin Singh
19 Chikitsa
साम-चनराम अव�था
अ� चवष
अप�यमानं शुि�वं या�य�ं चवष�पताम् । (ि.चि.15/44)
Acharya Charaka has mentioned that undigested food is a poison. And
the undigested food is responsible for production of ama.
आम
ऊ�मणोs�पबल�वेन धातुमा�मपाचितम् ।
दु�ं आमाशयगतं रसमामं �ि�ते ॥ (अ.�.सू.13/25)
Reduced digestive activities (म�दाचन) lead to production of improper
formed or uncooked first dhatu (अचवप� रसधातु). This undigested and
harmful toxic waste product gets accumulated in stomach (आमाशय),
which is known as आम.
आमदोष हेतु (चनदान)
a. आहारज चनदान अ ोजन (अनशन) – अजीणध ोजन (अ�यशन) – अकाल ोजन
(चवषमाशन) – अचत ोजन – असा��य & चव�ि आहार – गु� शीत अचत�� & दूचषत
आहार सेवन etc.
b. चवहारज चनदान कदवा�व� – आल�य – वेगधारण etc.
c. मानचसक चनदान शोक – तमोगुण �धानता etc.
d. अ�य चनदान �ेहन चम�यायोग – वमन & चवरेिन चम�यायोग – ऋतु चवषमता etc.
आम ल�ण
मल चव�� – �त� – अंग सदन – चशर�शूल – पृ� करट�ह – जृ� ा – अंगमदध – तृ�णा –
�वर – छ�दध – �वाचहका – अ�चि – अचवपाक etc.
आमज रोग
अलसी ूत आम – अलसक
चवलच�बत आम – चवलच�बका
उ�वध अध� �वृि आम – चवसूचिका
िव ब�ल आम – अचतसार
कफ �धान आम – आमाजीणध & �वाचहका
चपि �धान आम – चवद�धाजीणध, अ�लचपि & �मक रोग
वात �धान आम – चव��धाजीणध & �हणी रोग
शेष रसज�य आम – रसशेषाजीणध
साम
अप� अ�रस is called आमदोष; when this आमदोष is mixed with दोष & रोग,
they are called साम दोष and साम रोग respectively.
साम स + आम with आम
चनराम
दोष & रोग without आमदोष are called चनराम दोष and चनराम रोग respectively.
चनराम चन� + आम without आम
साम-चनराम सामा�य ल�ण
�ोतोरोध बल�ंश गौरवाचनलमूढता� ।
आल�यापचि चन�ीव मलसंग अ�चि�लमा� ॥
हलंगं मलानां सामानां, चनरामाणां चवपयधय� ॥ (अ.�.सू.13/23-24)
साम ल�ण चनराम ल�ण
�ोतोरोध – बल�ंश – शरीर गौरव – अचनल
मूढता – आल�य – अचवपाक – चन�ीव – मलसंग
– अ�चि – �लम
�ाकृ त �ोतस – �ाकृ त बल – शरीर लघुता –
वायु अनुलोमता – न आल�य – सम अचन –
�ाकृ त मल �वृचि– ोजन �चि – न �लम
साम-चनराम दोष
साम वात चवब�ध – अचनमा�� – त�िा – आ��कू जन – वेदना – शोफ – तोद – िमश� अंग
पीडन – �ेहन पिात् ल�ण वृचि – सुयोदय, मेघोदय & राच� वृचि
चनराम वात चवशद �� वायु – चन�वधब�ध – अ�पवेदना – चवपरीत गुण � शाच�त (�ेहन पिात्
ल�ण शाच�त) – �वक् �याम&ता� वणधता
साम चपि दुगधच�ध, हररत �याववणध, अ�ल, घन, गु� चपि – अ�लीकाक�ठ – �ददाह
चनराम चपि ता� पीत वणध, कटु, अ�यु�ण, अच�थर, चवगच�ध, �चि-पचि-बलवधधक चपि
19 Chikitsa
साम-चनराम अव�था
अ� चवष
अप�यमानं शुि�वं या�य�ं चवष�पताम् । (ि.चि.15/44)
Acharya Charaka has mentioned that undigested food is a poison. And
the undigested food is responsible for production of ama.
आम
ऊ�मणोs�पबल�वेन धातुमा�मपाचितम् ।
दु�ं आमाशयगतं रसमामं �ि�ते ॥ (अ.�.सू.13/25)
Reduced digestive activities (म�दाचन) lead to production of improper
formed or uncooked first dhatu (अचवप� रसधातु). This undigested and
harmful toxic waste product gets accumulated in stomach (आमाशय),
which is known as आम.
आमदोष हेतु (चनदान)
a. आहारज चनदान अ ोजन (अनशन) – अजीणध ोजन (अ�यशन) – अकाल ोजन
(चवषमाशन) – अचत ोजन – असा��य & चव�ि आहार – गु� शीत अचत�� & दूचषत
आहार सेवन etc.
b. चवहारज चनदान कदवा�व� – आल�य – वेगधारण etc.
c. मानचसक चनदान शोक – तमोगुण �धानता etc.
d. अ�य चनदान �ेहन चम�यायोग – वमन & चवरेिन चम�यायोग – ऋतु चवषमता etc.
आम ल�ण
मल चव�� – �त� – अंग सदन – चशर�शूल – पृ� करट�ह – जृ� ा – अंगमदध – तृ�णा –
�वर – छ�दध – �वाचहका – अ�चि – अचवपाक etc.
आमज रोग
अलसी ूत आम – अलसक
चवलच�बत आम – चवलच�बका
उ�वध अध� �वृि आम – चवसूचिका
िव ब�ल आम – अचतसार
कफ �धान आम – आमाजीणध & �वाचहका
चपि �धान आम – चवद�धाजीणध, अ�लचपि & �मक रोग
वात �धान आम – चव��धाजीणध & �हणी रोग
शेष रसज�य आम – रसशेषाजीणध
साम
अप� अ�रस is called आमदोष; when this आमदोष is mixed with दोष & रोग,
they are called साम दोष and साम रोग respectively.
साम स + आम with आम
चनराम
दोष & रोग without आमदोष are called चनराम दोष and चनराम रोग respectively.
चनराम चन� + आम without आम
साम-चनराम सामा�य ल�ण
�ोतोरोध बल�ंश गौरवाचनलमूढता� ।
आल�यापचि चन�ीव मलसंग अ�चि�लमा� ॥
हलंगं मलानां सामानां, चनरामाणां चवपयधय� ॥ (अ.�.सू.13/23-24)
साम ल�ण चनराम ल�ण
�ोतोरोध – बल�ंश – शरीर गौरव – अचनल
मूढता – आल�य – अचवपाक – चन�ीव – मलसंग
– अ�चि – �लम
�ाकृ त �ोतस – �ाकृ त बल – शरीर लघुता –
वायु अनुलोमता – न आल�य – सम अचन –
�ाकृ त मल �वृचि– ोजन �चि – न �लम
साम-चनराम दोष
साम वात चवब�ध – अचनमा�� – त�िा – आ��कू जन – वेदना – शोफ – तोद – िमश� अंग
पीडन – �ेहन पिात् ल�ण वृचि – सुयोदय, मेघोदय & राच� वृचि
चनराम वात चवशद �� वायु – चन�वधब�ध – अ�पवेदना – चवपरीत गुण � शाच�त (�ेहन पिात्
ल�ण शाच�त) – �वक् �याम&ता� वणधता
साम चपि दुगधच�ध, हररत �याववणध, अ�ल, घन, गु� चपि – अ�लीकाक�ठ – �ददाह
चनराम चपि ता� पीत वणध, कटु, अ�यु�ण, अच�थर, चवगच�ध, �चि-पचि-बलवधधक चपि
Rabin Singh
20 Chikitsa
साम कफ आचवल (turbid or viscus), त�तु (thready), ��यान (thick) कफ – क�ठदेशे
अवचत�ते – दुगध�धी – �ुधानाशक – उ�ारनाशक
चनराम कफ फे नवान् (frothy), चपच�डत (bolus), पा�डु (white coloured), चन�सार
(clear, light substance), अग�ध (free from foul smell), प�,
मुखशुचिकारक कफ (cleanses oral cavity)
साम धातु ल�ण (धातु �दोषज चवकार)
साम रस अ�िा – अ�चि – आ�यव र�य – अरस�ता – ��लास – गौरव – त�िा – अंगमदध –
�वर – तम – पा�डु – �ोतोरोध – �ल �य – कृ शता – अचननाश – अकाल वली
साम रि कु � – चवसपध – चपडका – रिचपि – असृ�दर (रि�दर) – वातरि – गुदपाक –
मे�पाक – मुखपाक – �लीहा – गु�म – चविचध – नीचलका – कामला – �ंग –
चप�लु – चतलकालक – दिू – िमधदल – च�� (ककलास) – पामा – कोठ – रिम�डल
– �य�छ – इ�िलु� – अशध – अबुधद – अंगमदध
साम मांस अचधमांस – अबुधद – मांसकीलक – गलशालूक – गलशु�डी – पूचतमांस – अलजी –
गलग�ड – ग�डमाला – उपचजवच�वका – मांससंघात – ओ� �कोप
साम मेद अ� चनच�दत पु�ष – �मेह पूवध�प (मुखमाधुयध, ह�तपाद शू�यता व दाह, मुख तालु
क�ठ शोष, चपपासा, आल�य, मलाचध�य, म��यग�धी, मू�दोष etc.) – �च�थ –
वृचिरोग – गलग�ड – अबुधद – मेदोज ओ��कोप – मधुमेह – अचत�वेद
साम अच�थ अ�यच�थ – अचधद�त – द�त ेद – द�तशूल – अच�थ ेद – अच�थशूल – अच�थ व
द�त चववणधता – के श लोम नख �म�ु दोष – कु नख रोग
साम म�ा �क् पवधणां (सच�धशूल) – �म – मू�छाध – तमोदशधन – ने�ाच �य�द
साम शुि �ल �य – अहषधण – शुिा�मरी – शुिमेह – शुिदोष – चन�फल शुि (shukra
dhatu incapable to produce ग ध, if conception occurs it leads to
ग धपात or birth of अ�पायु and / or चव�प स�तान)
चनराम धातु ल�ण
Dhatus in niramavastha perform their normal functions
�ीणनं जीवनं लेप� �ेहो धारण पूरणे ।
ग ो�पादि धातूनां �े� कमध िमात् �मृतम् ॥ (अ.�.सू.11/4)
साम-चनराम मल
साम पुरीष गु� – जले म�चत – दुगध�धयुि – चपच�छल – �ंश & चवच�छ� पुरीष
चनराम पुरीष जले �लवचत – दुगध�ध रचहत – प� & चपच�डत पुरीष – शरीर लघुता
आम दोष चिकक�सा
आम�दोषजानां पुन�वधकाराणां अपतपधणेन व परमो वचत� । (ि.चव.2/13)
अपतपधण चिकक�सा is best for treatment of आम �दोषज चवकाराs. Acharya
Charaka has mentioned three types of अपतपधण चिकक�सा
अपतपधणमचप ि च�चवधं –लंघनं लंघनपािनं दोषावसेिनं िचत । (ि.चव.3/43)
1. लंघन – Fasting (उपवास), or use of light foods (लघु आहार or ि�) such
as पेया, चवलेपी, मु�यूष etc. for those patients who have अ�पदोष or अ�पबल.
2. पािन – Along with लंघन or उपवास, use of digestants (पािन ि�) such as
चि�क, मु�ता, च�कटु etc. for those patients who have म�यमदोष or म�यमबल.
3. दोषावसेिन – Purificatory procedures (संशोधन) for elimination of the
aggravated dosha in those patients who are बलवान or having ब�दोष.
शांचतरामचवकाराणां वचत तु अपतपधणात् ।
च�चवधं च�चवधे दोषे त�समी�य �योजयेत् ॥
त�ा�पे लंघनं प�यं म�ये लंघन पािनम् ।
� ूते शोधनं तचि मूलादु�मूलये�मलान् ॥ (अ.�.सू.8/20-21)
For the three types of दोष-बल (अ�प-म�यम-ब�दोष) the physician should use
three types of अपतपधण चिकक�सा
1. For अ�प दोष लंघन-प�य (उपवास & म�ड, पेया, चवलेपी, यूष, ति �योग)
2. For म�यम दोष लंघन-पािन (उपवास or लघु आहार & चि�क, मु�ताकद �योग)
3. For ब�दोषाव�था संशोधन चिकक�सा (�वेदन, वमन, चवरेिन, चन�ह बच�त)
आमदोष नाशक औषध योग अचनतु�डी रस – अजीणधक�टक रस – पंिकोल िूणध – च�कटु
िूणध – लवण ा�कर िूणध – हहं�वा�क िूणध – अजमोदाकद िूणध – शंख वटी – अचनतु�डी वटी
– चि�काकद वटी – रसोन वटी – हहं�वाकद वटी – दशमूलारर� – जीरका�ारर� –
कुमायाधसव – धा�यपंिक �ाथ –शु�ठी जीरक �ाथ – चप�प�याकद घृत – चि�काकद घृत
20 Chikitsa
साम कफ आचवल (turbid or viscus), त�तु (thready), ��यान (thick) कफ – क�ठदेशे
अवचत�ते – दुगध�धी – �ुधानाशक – उ�ारनाशक
चनराम कफ फे नवान् (frothy), चपच�डत (bolus), पा�डु (white coloured), चन�सार
(clear, light substance), अग�ध (free from foul smell), प�,
मुखशुचिकारक कफ (cleanses oral cavity)
साम धातु ल�ण (धातु �दोषज चवकार)
साम रस अ�िा – अ�चि – आ�यव र�य – अरस�ता – ��लास – गौरव – त�िा – अंगमदध –
�वर – तम – पा�डु – �ोतोरोध – �ल �य – कृ शता – अचननाश – अकाल वली
साम रि कु � – चवसपध – चपडका – रिचपि – असृ�दर (रि�दर) – वातरि – गुदपाक –
मे�पाक – मुखपाक – �लीहा – गु�म – चविचध – नीचलका – कामला – �ंग –
चप�लु – चतलकालक – दिू – िमधदल – च�� (ककलास) – पामा – कोठ – रिम�डल
– �य�छ – इ�िलु� – अशध – अबुधद – अंगमदध
साम मांस अचधमांस – अबुधद – मांसकीलक – गलशालूक – गलशु�डी – पूचतमांस – अलजी –
गलग�ड – ग�डमाला – उपचजवच�वका – मांससंघात – ओ� �कोप
साम मेद अ� चनच�दत पु�ष – �मेह पूवध�प (मुखमाधुयध, ह�तपाद शू�यता व दाह, मुख तालु
क�ठ शोष, चपपासा, आल�य, मलाचध�य, म��यग�धी, मू�दोष etc.) – �च�थ –
वृचिरोग – गलग�ड – अबुधद – मेदोज ओ��कोप – मधुमेह – अचत�वेद
साम अच�थ अ�यच�थ – अचधद�त – द�त ेद – द�तशूल – अच�थ ेद – अच�थशूल – अच�थ व
द�त चववणधता – के श लोम नख �म�ु दोष – कु नख रोग
साम म�ा �क् पवधणां (सच�धशूल) – �म – मू�छाध – तमोदशधन – ने�ाच �य�द
साम शुि �ल �य – अहषधण – शुिा�मरी – शुिमेह – शुिदोष – चन�फल शुि (shukra
dhatu incapable to produce ग ध, if conception occurs it leads to
ग धपात or birth of अ�पायु and / or चव�प स�तान)
चनराम धातु ल�ण
Dhatus in niramavastha perform their normal functions
�ीणनं जीवनं लेप� �ेहो धारण पूरणे ।
ग ो�पादि धातूनां �े� कमध िमात् �मृतम् ॥ (अ.�.सू.11/4)
साम-चनराम मल
साम पुरीष गु� – जले म�चत – दुगध�धयुि – चपच�छल – �ंश & चवच�छ� पुरीष
चनराम पुरीष जले �लवचत – दुगध�ध रचहत – प� & चपच�डत पुरीष – शरीर लघुता
आम दोष चिकक�सा
आम�दोषजानां पुन�वधकाराणां अपतपधणेन व परमो वचत� । (ि.चव.2/13)
अपतपधण चिकक�सा is best for treatment of आम �दोषज चवकाराs. Acharya
Charaka has mentioned three types of अपतपधण चिकक�सा
अपतपधणमचप ि च�चवधं –लंघनं लंघनपािनं दोषावसेिनं िचत । (ि.चव.3/43)
1. लंघन – Fasting (उपवास), or use of light foods (लघु आहार or ि�) such
as पेया, चवलेपी, मु�यूष etc. for those patients who have अ�पदोष or अ�पबल.
2. पािन – Along with लंघन or उपवास, use of digestants (पािन ि�) such as
चि�क, मु�ता, च�कटु etc. for those patients who have म�यमदोष or म�यमबल.
3. दोषावसेिन – Purificatory procedures (संशोधन) for elimination of the
aggravated dosha in those patients who are बलवान or having ब�दोष.
शांचतरामचवकाराणां वचत तु अपतपधणात् ।
च�चवधं च�चवधे दोषे त�समी�य �योजयेत् ॥
त�ा�पे लंघनं प�यं म�ये लंघन पािनम् ।
� ूते शोधनं तचि मूलादु�मूलये�मलान् ॥ (अ.�.सू.8/20-21)
For the three types of दोष-बल (अ�प-म�यम-ब�दोष) the physician should use
three types of अपतपधण चिकक�सा
1. For अ�प दोष लंघन-प�य (उपवास & म�ड, पेया, चवलेपी, यूष, ति �योग)
2. For म�यम दोष लंघन-पािन (उपवास or लघु आहार & चि�क, मु�ताकद �योग)
3. For ब�दोषाव�था संशोधन चिकक�सा (�वेदन, वमन, चवरेिन, चन�ह बच�त)
आमदोष नाशक औषध योग अचनतु�डी रस – अजीणधक�टक रस – पंिकोल िूणध – च�कटु
िूणध – लवण ा�कर िूणध – हहं�वा�क िूणध – अजमोदाकद िूणध – शंख वटी – अचनतु�डी वटी
– चि�काकद वटी – रसोन वटी – हहं�वाकद वटी – दशमूलारर� – जीरका�ारर� –
कुमायाधसव – धा�यपंिक �ाथ –शु�ठी जीरक �ाथ – चप�प�याकद घृत – चि�काकद घृत
Rabin Singh
21 Chikitsa
रोगानु�पच�िकर चिकक�सा
आयुवेद �योजन
�योजनं िा�य �व�थ�य �वा��यर�णं आतुर�य चवकार�शमनं ि । (ि.सू.30/26)
The aims of Ayurveda are – (i) �व�थ�य �वा��यर�णं (i.e. prevention of
disease), and (ii) आतुर�य चवकार�शमनं (i.e. cure of disease).
To prevent the disease, physician should use रोगानु�पच�िकर चिकक�सा
(preventive treatment), and to cure the disease रोग�शमन चिकक�सा
(curative treatment).
“रोगानु�पचिकर रोग + अन् + उ�पचि कर”
The treatment that prevents the occurrence of disease is called
रोगानु�पचिकर चिकक�सा. It is preventive treatment which includes �व�थवृि
पालन, स�वृि पालन, & रसायन-वाजीकरण �योग.
1. �व�थवृि
a. कदनियाध पालन To follow the daily regimen such as waking up in
��मु�िध, then after शौि कमध – द�तधावन, चज�वाचनलेखन, अंजन, �चतमषध
न�य, ग�डूष-कवल, धूमपान, अ�यंग, उितधन, �ान, �व�छ विधारण etc.
b. राच�ियाध To follow night regimen such as avoiding the आहार,
म थुन, चनिा, अ�ययन and मागध गमन in the evening (सं�याकाल). And to
follow right methods of ोजन and शयन in the night (राच�).
c. ऋतुियाध पालन To follow the seasonal regimen such as हेम�त,
चशचशर, वस�त, �ी�म, वषाध, शरद ऋतुियाध. The physician should use
seasonal purificatory procedures (ऋतु अनुसार संशोधन) and advice
regimens to avoid aggravation of repective doshas.
d. योग To practice yoga, asana, pranayama, dhyaan etc.
2. स�वृि To follow good conduct, and avoid the sinful acts.
3. रसायन & वाजीकरण �योग Rejuvenatives & Aphrodisiacs.
रोग�शमन चिकक�सा
रोग�तु दोषव ष�यं । (अ.�.सू.1/20)
The imbalance of dosha and dushya is roga (disease). धातु व ष�यता or दोष
व ष�यता is teated by application of रोग�शमन चिकक�सा (curative treatment).
To treat the disease (रोग) which is produced by धातु व ष�यता, physician
hast to bring दोष / धातु सा�यता (i.e. equilibrium state of dosha and dhatu).
It is achieved by following measures शोधन चिकक�सा & शमन चिकक�सा
1. शोधन चिकक�सा (purificatory treatments)
यद् इयेद् बचहदोषान् पंिधा शोधनं ि तत् ।
चन�हो वमनं कायचशरोरेको अ�चव�ुचत�॥ (अ.�.सू.14/5)
शोधन कमध are the purificatory procedures those eliminate the aggravated
doshas from the body. These are five in numbers; hence they are called
as पंिकमध. According to Acharya Sushruta and Vagbhata, Shodhana
karmas are as follows
वमन – चवरेिन कमध – चशरोचवरेिन (न�य कमध) – चन�ह बच�त – रिमो�ण
2. शमन चिकक�सा (palliative or pacifying treatments)
न शोधयचत यद् दोषान् समा�ोदीरय�यचप ।
समीकरोचत िुिाि तत् संशमनमु�यते ॥ (सु.सू.1, ड�हण)
Treatment measures those neither eliminate the doshas, nor aggravate
the doshas, but they pacify the aggravated dosha and bring equilibrium
in the body, are called Shamana chikitsa. (*detailed in page no.35*)
For रोग�शमन, following treatment measures can also be used
ि� ूत & अि� ूत चिकक�सा
संतपधण & अपतपधण चिकक�सा
हेतुचवपरीत, �ाचधचवपरीत & उ याथधकारर चिकक�सा
द व�पा�य, युचि�पा�य & स�वाजय चिकक�सा
अ�त�पररमाजधन, बचह�पररमाजधन & शि�चणधान चिकक�सा
संशोधन, संशमन, आहार & आिार चिकक�सा
21 Chikitsa
रोगानु�पच�िकर चिकक�सा
आयुवेद �योजन
�योजनं िा�य �व�थ�य �वा��यर�णं आतुर�य चवकार�शमनं ि । (ि.सू.30/26)
The aims of Ayurveda are – (i) �व�थ�य �वा��यर�णं (i.e. prevention of
disease), and (ii) आतुर�य चवकार�शमनं (i.e. cure of disease).
To prevent the disease, physician should use रोगानु�पच�िकर चिकक�सा
(preventive treatment), and to cure the disease रोग�शमन चिकक�सा
(curative treatment).
“रोगानु�पचिकर रोग + अन् + उ�पचि कर”
The treatment that prevents the occurrence of disease is called
रोगानु�पचिकर चिकक�सा. It is preventive treatment which includes �व�थवृि
पालन, स�वृि पालन, & रसायन-वाजीकरण �योग.
1. �व�थवृि
a. कदनियाध पालन To follow the daily regimen such as waking up in
��मु�िध, then after शौि कमध – द�तधावन, चज�वाचनलेखन, अंजन, �चतमषध
न�य, ग�डूष-कवल, धूमपान, अ�यंग, उितधन, �ान, �व�छ विधारण etc.
b. राच�ियाध To follow night regimen such as avoiding the आहार,
म थुन, चनिा, अ�ययन and मागध गमन in the evening (सं�याकाल). And to
follow right methods of ोजन and शयन in the night (राच�).
c. ऋतुियाध पालन To follow the seasonal regimen such as हेम�त,
चशचशर, वस�त, �ी�म, वषाध, शरद ऋतुियाध. The physician should use
seasonal purificatory procedures (ऋतु अनुसार संशोधन) and advice
regimens to avoid aggravation of repective doshas.
d. योग To practice yoga, asana, pranayama, dhyaan etc.
2. स�वृि To follow good conduct, and avoid the sinful acts.
3. रसायन & वाजीकरण �योग Rejuvenatives & Aphrodisiacs.
रोग�शमन चिकक�सा
रोग�तु दोषव ष�यं । (अ.�.सू.1/20)
The imbalance of dosha and dushya is roga (disease). धातु व ष�यता or दोष
व ष�यता is teated by application of रोग�शमन चिकक�सा (curative treatment).
To treat the disease (रोग) which is produced by धातु व ष�यता, physician
hast to bring दोष / धातु सा�यता (i.e. equilibrium state of dosha and dhatu).
It is achieved by following measures शोधन चिकक�सा & शमन चिकक�सा
1. शोधन चिकक�सा (purificatory treatments)
यद् इयेद् बचहदोषान् पंिधा शोधनं ि तत् ।
चन�हो वमनं कायचशरोरेको अ�चव�ुचत�॥ (अ.�.सू.14/5)
शोधन कमध are the purificatory procedures those eliminate the aggravated
doshas from the body. These are five in numbers; hence they are called
as पंिकमध. According to Acharya Sushruta and Vagbhata, Shodhana
karmas are as follows
वमन – चवरेिन कमध – चशरोचवरेिन (न�य कमध) – चन�ह बच�त – रिमो�ण
2. शमन चिकक�सा (palliative or pacifying treatments)
न शोधयचत यद् दोषान् समा�ोदीरय�यचप ।
समीकरोचत िुिाि तत् संशमनमु�यते ॥ (सु.सू.1, ड�हण)
Treatment measures those neither eliminate the doshas, nor aggravate
the doshas, but they pacify the aggravated dosha and bring equilibrium
in the body, are called Shamana chikitsa. (*detailed in page no.35*)
For रोग�शमन, following treatment measures can also be used
ि� ूत & अि� ूत चिकक�सा
संतपधण & अपतपधण चिकक�सा
हेतुचवपरीत, �ाचधचवपरीत & उ याथधकारर चिकक�सा
द व�पा�य, युचि�पा�य & स�वाजय चिकक�सा
अ�त�पररमाजधन, बचह�पररमाजधन & शि�चणधान चिकक�सा
संशोधन, संशमन, आहार & आिार चिकक�सा
Rabin Singh
22 Chikitsa
दोषोपिम
1. वातदोष उपिम
वात�योपिम� �ेह� �वेद� संशोधनं मृदु ।
�वाि�ललवणो�णाचन ो�या�य�यंगमदधनम् ॥ (अ.�.सू.13/1-3)
a. शोधन �ेहन – �वेदन – मृदु संशोधन – चन�ह बच�त – अनुवासन बच�त – च��ध
ऊ�ण बच�त – मा�ा बच�त – न�यकमध – धूमपान – चशरोबच�त – ग�डूष etc.
b. शमन अ�यंग – मदधन – वे�न – उ�सादन – उपनाह – ऊ�ण पररषेक etc.
c. आहार & औषध मधुर-अ�ल-लवण रस युि, उ�ण & च��ध आहार – दीपनीय, पािनीय,
वातशामक आहार – गौचडक म�पान – वृ�य & ब�य ि� सेवन – मांसरस – त ल – गोधूम –
नवा� – दशमूल – रा�ा – एर�ड – चनगुध�डी – अकध – हररिा – बला – अ�ग�धा – लशुन etc.
d. चवहार आतपसेवन – ऊ�ण जलावगाहन – �ावार – मृगिमध – चव�मापन – चव�मारण –
हेम�त ऋतुियाध पालन etc.
Among all obove measures, चन�ह बच�त & अनुवासन बच�त are the best, and
among all the dravyas त ल is best to mitigate the �कुचपत वात.
2. चपिदोष उपिम
चपि�य स�पधष� पानं �वादुशीत चवरेिनम् ।
�वादुचतिकषायाचण ोजना�यौषधाचन ि ॥ (अ.�.सू.13/4-9)
a. शोधन �ेहन – चवरेिन – रिमो�ण etc.
b. शमन शीत �देह – पररषेक – अ�यंग etc.
c. आहार & औषध मधुर, चति, कषाय रस �धान & चपिहर ि�चसि घृत �योग – �ीर
पान – शीतल �� सुगच�धत आहार – जांगल मांसरस – चपिशामक ि� �योग e.g. पंिचति,
ि�दन, उशीर, �ीबेर, मुिा, �वाल, यच�मधु etc.
d. चवहार शीतल & मनोsनुकू ल चवहार – �देह – पररषेक – मुिामचण धारण – शीत वायु
सेवन – ूगृह – ि�िककरण सेवन – जलाशय & उ�ान चवहार – सुगच�धत चवहार – िी �पशध –
कपूधर ि�दन उशीर लेप – मनोsनुकू ल गीत वा� य�� – शरद ऋतुियाध पालन etc.
Among all obove measures, चवरेिन कमध is the best, and among all the
dravyas घृत is best to mitigate the �कुचपत चपि.
कफदोष उपिम
�े�मणो चवचधना युिं ती�णं वमनरेिनम् ।
अ�ं ��ा�पती�णो�णं कटुचतिकषायकम् ॥ (अ.�.सू.13/10-12)
a. शोधन �वेदन – ती�णो�ण संशोधन (वमन, चवरेिन, चशरोचवरेिन, ग�डूष etc.)
b. शमन ��ो�मदधन – �� उितधन – उ�सादन – उपनाह – ऊ�ण �ान etc.
c. आहार & औषध कटु चति कषाय रस �धान – ती�ण – उ�ण – �ार – �� आहार &
औषध – मेदो� उपिार – कफशामक ि� �योग e,g. मधु, पंिकोल, च�कटु, यव�ार etc.
d. चवहार लघु �ायाम – जलावगाहन – िंिमण – िीसेवन – उपवास (लंघन) – राच�जागरण
– चि�ता – उ�ण �थान चनवास – वस�त ऋतुियाध पालन etc.
Among all obove measures, वमन कमध is the best, and among all the
dravyas मधु is best to mitigate the �कुचपत कफ.
�थाना�तर दोष
स एव कुचपतो दोष� समु�थानचवशेषत� ।
�थाना�तरगति व जनय�यामयान् ब�न् ॥ (ि.सू.18/45)
When aggravated, a single dosha may cause various dis eases,
depending upon the various etiological factors and sites of manifestation.
Even if the सम or �ाकृत दोष gets displaced or moves to other place, under
the influence of वायु, it results in दोष वृचि of that place, and causes
various diseases. This displaced dosha is called �थाना�तरगत दोष.
आशयापकषधक हेतु Under the influence of aggravated vata, displacement
or movement of normal dosha to other places, which results in
manifestation of various disease, is also called आशयापकषधक हेतु.
�थाना�तरगत दोष चिकक�सा
Generally treatment should be adopted according to �थान.
For example, In case of चपि�थानगत वात, treat the चपि.
- In कफ�थानगत चपि, treat the कफ.
- In वात�थानगत कफ, treat the वात.
22 Chikitsa
दोषोपिम
1. वातदोष उपिम
वात�योपिम� �ेह� �वेद� संशोधनं मृदु ।
�वाि�ललवणो�णाचन ो�या�य�यंगमदधनम् ॥ (अ.�.सू.13/1-3)
a. शोधन �ेहन – �वेदन – मृदु संशोधन – चन�ह बच�त – अनुवासन बच�त – च��ध
ऊ�ण बच�त – मा�ा बच�त – न�यकमध – धूमपान – चशरोबच�त – ग�डूष etc.
b. शमन अ�यंग – मदधन – वे�न – उ�सादन – उपनाह – ऊ�ण पररषेक etc.
c. आहार & औषध मधुर-अ�ल-लवण रस युि, उ�ण & च��ध आहार – दीपनीय, पािनीय,
वातशामक आहार – गौचडक म�पान – वृ�य & ब�य ि� सेवन – मांसरस – त ल – गोधूम –
नवा� – दशमूल – रा�ा – एर�ड – चनगुध�डी – अकध – हररिा – बला – अ�ग�धा – लशुन etc.
d. चवहार आतपसेवन – ऊ�ण जलावगाहन – �ावार – मृगिमध – चव�मापन – चव�मारण –
हेम�त ऋतुियाध पालन etc.
Among all obove measures, चन�ह बच�त & अनुवासन बच�त are the best, and
among all the dravyas त ल is best to mitigate the �कुचपत वात.
2. चपिदोष उपिम
चपि�य स�पधष� पानं �वादुशीत चवरेिनम् ।
�वादुचतिकषायाचण ोजना�यौषधाचन ि ॥ (अ.�.सू.13/4-9)
a. शोधन �ेहन – चवरेिन – रिमो�ण etc.
b. शमन शीत �देह – पररषेक – अ�यंग etc.
c. आहार & औषध मधुर, चति, कषाय रस �धान & चपिहर ि�चसि घृत �योग – �ीर
पान – शीतल �� सुगच�धत आहार – जांगल मांसरस – चपिशामक ि� �योग e.g. पंिचति,
ि�दन, उशीर, �ीबेर, मुिा, �वाल, यच�मधु etc.
d. चवहार शीतल & मनोsनुकू ल चवहार – �देह – पररषेक – मुिामचण धारण – शीत वायु
सेवन – ूगृह – ि�िककरण सेवन – जलाशय & उ�ान चवहार – सुगच�धत चवहार – िी �पशध –
कपूधर ि�दन उशीर लेप – मनोsनुकू ल गीत वा� य�� – शरद ऋतुियाध पालन etc.
Among all obove measures, चवरेिन कमध is the best, and among all the
dravyas घृत is best to mitigate the �कुचपत चपि.
कफदोष उपिम
�े�मणो चवचधना युिं ती�णं वमनरेिनम् ।
अ�ं ��ा�पती�णो�णं कटुचतिकषायकम् ॥ (अ.�.सू.13/10-12)
a. शोधन �वेदन – ती�णो�ण संशोधन (वमन, चवरेिन, चशरोचवरेिन, ग�डूष etc.)
b. शमन ��ो�मदधन – �� उितधन – उ�सादन – उपनाह – ऊ�ण �ान etc.
c. आहार & औषध कटु चति कषाय रस �धान – ती�ण – उ�ण – �ार – �� आहार &
औषध – मेदो� उपिार – कफशामक ि� �योग e,g. मधु, पंिकोल, च�कटु, यव�ार etc.
d. चवहार लघु �ायाम – जलावगाहन – िंिमण – िीसेवन – उपवास (लंघन) – राच�जागरण
– चि�ता – उ�ण �थान चनवास – वस�त ऋतुियाध पालन etc.
Among all obove measures, वमन कमध is the best, and among all the
dravyas मधु is best to mitigate the �कुचपत कफ.
�थाना�तर दोष
स एव कुचपतो दोष� समु�थानचवशेषत� ।
�थाना�तरगति व जनय�यामयान् ब�न् ॥ (ि.सू.18/45)
When aggravated, a single dosha may cause various dis eases,
depending upon the various etiological factors and sites of manifestation.
Even if the सम or �ाकृत दोष gets displaced or moves to other place, under
the influence of वायु, it results in दोष वृचि of that place, and causes
various diseases. This displaced dosha is called �थाना�तरगत दोष.
आशयापकषधक हेतु Under the influence of aggravated vata, displacement
or movement of normal dosha to other places, which results in
manifestation of various disease, is also called आशयापकषधक हेतु.
�थाना�तरगत दोष चिकक�सा
Generally treatment should be adopted according to �थान.
For example, In case of चपि�थानगत वात, treat the चपि.
- In कफ�थानगत चपि, treat the कफ.
- In वात�थानगत कफ, treat the वात.
Rabin Singh
23 Chikitsa
While treating �थाना�तरगत दोष, the physician should also consider
दोष-बलाबल. If आगत दोष is सम, �थानीय दोष should be treated, but if
आगत दोष is बलवान, treatment is given for आगत दोष.
When दोष moves to शाखा from को�, it should be brought to को� with
the help of �ेहन-�वेदन and eliminated with शोधन (पंिकमध).
The aggravated doshas (कुचपत दोष) produce various diseases due to
various etiological factors (चवच � कारण) and different sites of
manifestations (�थाना�तर). Hence physician should consider various
factors such as रोग �कृचत, चनदान, �थान, दोष-बलाबल etc. and then plan
the treatment.
लीन दोष
लीनचमचत अनुच��ल�म् । (ि.चि.15/76, ििपाचण)
Hidden or secretely accumulated doshas are called leena doshas.
लीनान-च��ान् अनुच��ल�ान् �व�थानाद् ।
िचलतान् न चनहधरेत्-वमनकदच � न शोधयेत् ॥ (अ.�.सू.13/28, सवा�गसु�दर)
Leena doshas are those which are stuck in their place, not showing
prominent features, and can not be eliminated easily by shodhana like
vamana –virechana etc. लीन दोषाs do not show prominent features but
they produce various chronic diseases.
लीन दोष चिकक�सा
लीन दोष (secretely accumulated or hidden dosha) should not be
eliminated forcefully, otherwise it can lead to destruction of their sites
just as extraction of juice from unripe fruit.
These doshas should be aggravated first (i.e. उ��लेष) and then
eliminated with the help of suitable purificatory procedures.
If आम is hidden in intestines (प�ाशय�थ लीन), then the patient should
be given puration mixed with appetizers (सदीपन चवरेिन).
आवरण
Avarana means Vata dosha gets enveloped or occluded and obstructed
with other dosha and dushya.
आवरक the dosha-dushya those are causing avarana.
आवृत obstructed vata
Types of आवरण
1. दोषावृत वात 13
2. धातु, अ� & मलावृत वात 9
3. अ�यो�यावरण 20
Total 42 types of आवरण are explained by Acharya Charaka
13 दोषावृत वात चपिावृत वात – कफावृत वात – चपिावृत �ाणवात – कफावृत
�ाणवात – चपिावृत उदानवात – कफावृत उदानवात – चपिावृत समानवात – कफावृत
समानवात – चपिावृत �ानवात – कफावृत �ानवात – चपिावृत अपानवात – कफावृत
अपानवात – कफचपिावृत वात (चम�ावरण)
चम�ावरण is again of 5 types कफचपिावृत �ाणवात – कफचपिावृत उदानवात –
कफचपिावृत समानवात – कफचपिावृत �ानवात – कफचपिावृत अपानवात
9 धातु, अ� & मलावृत वात रिावृत वात – मांसावृत वात – मेदसावृत वात –
अ��यावृत वात – म�ावृत वात – शुिावृत वात – अ�ावृत वात – मलावृत वात
(पुरीषावृत) – मू�ावृत वात
20 अ�यो�यावरण उदानावृत �ाणवात – समानावृत �ाणवात – �ानावृत �ाणवात –
अपानावृत �ाणवात – �ाणावृत उदानवात – समानावृत उदानवात – �ानावृत उदानवात
– अपानावृत उदानवात – �ाणावृत समानवात – उदानावृत समानवात – �ानावृत
समानवात – अपानावृत समानवात – �ाणावृत �ानवात – उदानावृत �ानवात –
समानावृत �ानवात – अपानावृत �ानवात – �ाणावृत अपानवात – उदानावृत अपानवात
– समानावृत अपानवात – �ानावृत अपानवात
23 Chikitsa
While treating �थाना�तरगत दोष, the physician should also consider
दोष-बलाबल. If आगत दोष is सम, �थानीय दोष should be treated, but if
आगत दोष is बलवान, treatment is given for आगत दोष.
When दोष moves to शाखा from को�, it should be brought to को� with
the help of �ेहन-�वेदन and eliminated with शोधन (पंिकमध).
The aggravated doshas (कुचपत दोष) produce various diseases due to
various etiological factors (चवच � कारण) and different sites of
manifestations (�थाना�तर). Hence physician should consider various
factors such as रोग �कृचत, चनदान, �थान, दोष-बलाबल etc. and then plan
the treatment.
लीन दोष
लीनचमचत अनुच��ल�म् । (ि.चि.15/76, ििपाचण)
Hidden or secretely accumulated doshas are called leena doshas.
लीनान-च��ान् अनुच��ल�ान् �व�थानाद् ।
िचलतान् न चनहधरेत्-वमनकदच � न शोधयेत् ॥ (अ.�.सू.13/28, सवा�गसु�दर)
Leena doshas are those which are stuck in their place, not showing
prominent features, and can not be eliminated easily by shodhana like
vamana –virechana etc. लीन दोषाs do not show prominent features but
they produce various chronic diseases.
लीन दोष चिकक�सा
लीन दोष (secretely accumulated or hidden dosha) should not be
eliminated forcefully, otherwise it can lead to destruction of their sites
just as extraction of juice from unripe fruit.
These doshas should be aggravated first (i.e. उ��लेष) and then
eliminated with the help of suitable purificatory procedures.
If आम is hidden in intestines (प�ाशय�थ लीन), then the patient should
be given puration mixed with appetizers (सदीपन चवरेिन).
आवरण
Avarana means Vata dosha gets enveloped or occluded and obstructed
with other dosha and dushya.
आवरक the dosha-dushya those are causing avarana.
आवृत obstructed vata
Types of आवरण
1. दोषावृत वात 13
2. धातु, अ� & मलावृत वात 9
3. अ�यो�यावरण 20
Total 42 types of आवरण are explained by Acharya Charaka
13 दोषावृत वात चपिावृत वात – कफावृत वात – चपिावृत �ाणवात – कफावृत
�ाणवात – चपिावृत उदानवात – कफावृत उदानवात – चपिावृत समानवात – कफावृत
समानवात – चपिावृत �ानवात – कफावृत �ानवात – चपिावृत अपानवात – कफावृत
अपानवात – कफचपिावृत वात (चम�ावरण)
चम�ावरण is again of 5 types कफचपिावृत �ाणवात – कफचपिावृत उदानवात –
कफचपिावृत समानवात – कफचपिावृत �ानवात – कफचपिावृत अपानवात
9 धातु, अ� & मलावृत वात रिावृत वात – मांसावृत वात – मेदसावृत वात –
अ��यावृत वात – म�ावृत वात – शुिावृत वात – अ�ावृत वात – मलावृत वात
(पुरीषावृत) – मू�ावृत वात
20 अ�यो�यावरण उदानावृत �ाणवात – समानावृत �ाणवात – �ानावृत �ाणवात –
अपानावृत �ाणवात – �ाणावृत उदानवात – समानावृत उदानवात – �ानावृत उदानवात
– अपानावृत उदानवात – �ाणावृत समानवात – उदानावृत समानवात – �ानावृत
समानवात – अपानावृत समानवात – �ाणावृत �ानवात – उदानावृत �ानवात –
समानावृत �ानवात – अपानावृत �ानवात – �ाणावृत अपानवात – उदानावृत अपानवात
– समानावृत अपानवात – �ानावृत अपानवात
Rabin Singh
24 Chikitsa
दोष आवरण ल�ण
चपिावृत वात दाह – तृ�णा – शूल – शीतकाचमता
कफावृत वात श �य (शीतता) – गौरव – शूल – उ�णकाचमता
चपिावृत �ाणवात मू�छाध – दाह – �म – शूल – शीतकाचमता – छ�दध
कफावृत �ाणवात �ीवन – �वथु – उ�ार – �ासो�छवाससं�ह
चपिावृत उदानवात मू�छाध – दाह – �म – �लम – साद – ओजो�ंश
कफावृत उदानवात चववणधता – वाक्-�वर�ह – दौबध�य – गु�ता – अ�चि
चपिावृत समानवात अचत�वेद – तृ�णा – दाह – मू�छाध – अ�चि
कफावृत समानवात अ�वेद – अचनमां� – लोमहषध – अचतशीतता
चपिावृत �ानवात सवा�गदाह – �लम – गा�चव�ेपसंग – स�ताप
कफावृत �ानवात सवधगा�गौरव – सवधस��यच�थ�जा – गचतसंग
चपिावृत अपानवात हाररिमू�विध – तापगुदमे�यो – अचतरज��ाव
कफावृत अपानवात च � आम �े�मसंसृ� गु� विध� – कफज�मेह
कफचपिावृत वात चपि-कफ चम�ावरण ल�ण
धातु आवरण ल�ण
रिावृत वात �वक् मांसा�तर अचतदाह & पीडा – सराग शोथ – म�डल
मांसावृत वात करठन चववणध चपडका – शोथ – हषध – चपपीचलकानां संिार इव
मेदसावृत वात (known as आ�वात) िलच��धमृदुशीत शोथ – अ�चि
अ��यावृत वात उ�ण�पशध & पीडन अच न�दचत – अंग ंजन – सूिीच ररव तोद
म�ावृत वात चवनाम – जृ� ा – शूल – पाचण�यां पी�माने सुखल ते
शुिावृत वात शुि-अवेग or अचतवेग – चन�फल शुि
अ� & मलावरण ल�ण
अ�ावृत वात ुिे उदरशूल & जीणे शा�यचत
मलावृत वात
(पुरीषावृत)
मलावरोध – �वे �थाने पररकृ �तचत (cutting type of pain in
pakwashaya) – passing of hard stool with difficulty –
pain in lower abdomen and lowback
मू�ावृत वात मू�ाघात – आ�मान in बच�त
अ�यो�यावरण ल�ण चिकक�सा
�ाणावृत �ानवात सवेच�ियाणां शू�य�वं – �मृचतबल�य ऊ�वधज�ुगत चिकक�सा
�ानावृत �ाणवात अचत�वेद – लोमहषध – �वक चवकार �ेहयुि चवरेिन
�ाणावृत समानवात जडता – ग�द – मूकता यापनाबच�त &
ितु��योग of �ेह
समानावृत अपानवात �हणीदोष – �दरोग – पा�धपीडा अचनदीपक घृत
�ाणावृत उदानवात चशरो�ह – चन��ासो�छवाससं�ह ऊ�वधज�ुगत चिकक�सा
उदानावृत �ाणवात ओज कमध बलवणध नाश – मृ�यु शीतजलसेिन आ�ासन
उदानावृत अपानवात छ�दध – �ास – कास बच�त & अनुलोमन
अपानावृत उदानवात मोह – अचनमां� – अचतसार दीपन-�ाही & वमन
�ानावृत अपानवात छ�दध – आ�मान – उदावतध – गु�म –
पररक�तधका
च��ध & अनुलोमन
अपानावृत �ानवात चव�मू�रेतस अचत�वृचि सं�ाही-�त� क ि�
समानावृत �ानवात मू�छाध – त�िा – �लाप – अंगसाद –
अचन ओज बल �य
�ायाम & लघु ोजन
उदानावृत �ानवात �त�धता – अ�वेद – िे�ाहाचन प�य & लघु ोजन
Remaining 8 types of Anyonyavarana should be understood on the basis
of ल�णs of above avarana.
24 Chikitsa
दोष आवरण ल�ण
चपिावृत वात दाह – तृ�णा – शूल – शीतकाचमता
कफावृत वात श �य (शीतता) – गौरव – शूल – उ�णकाचमता
चपिावृत �ाणवात मू�छाध – दाह – �म – शूल – शीतकाचमता – छ�दध
कफावृत �ाणवात �ीवन – �वथु – उ�ार – �ासो�छवाससं�ह
चपिावृत उदानवात मू�छाध – दाह – �म – �लम – साद – ओजो�ंश
कफावृत उदानवात चववणधता – वाक्-�वर�ह – दौबध�य – गु�ता – अ�चि
चपिावृत समानवात अचत�वेद – तृ�णा – दाह – मू�छाध – अ�चि
कफावृत समानवात अ�वेद – अचनमां� – लोमहषध – अचतशीतता
चपिावृत �ानवात सवा�गदाह – �लम – गा�चव�ेपसंग – स�ताप
कफावृत �ानवात सवधगा�गौरव – सवधस��यच�थ�जा – गचतसंग
चपिावृत अपानवात हाररिमू�विध – तापगुदमे�यो – अचतरज��ाव
कफावृत अपानवात च � आम �े�मसंसृ� गु� विध� – कफज�मेह
कफचपिावृत वात चपि-कफ चम�ावरण ल�ण
धातु आवरण ल�ण
रिावृत वात �वक् मांसा�तर अचतदाह & पीडा – सराग शोथ – म�डल
मांसावृत वात करठन चववणध चपडका – शोथ – हषध – चपपीचलकानां संिार इव
मेदसावृत वात (known as आ�वात) िलच��धमृदुशीत शोथ – अ�चि
अ��यावृत वात उ�ण�पशध & पीडन अच न�दचत – अंग ंजन – सूिीच ररव तोद
म�ावृत वात चवनाम – जृ� ा – शूल – पाचण�यां पी�माने सुखल ते
शुिावृत वात शुि-अवेग or अचतवेग – चन�फल शुि
अ� & मलावरण ल�ण
अ�ावृत वात ुिे उदरशूल & जीणे शा�यचत
मलावृत वात
(पुरीषावृत)
मलावरोध – �वे �थाने पररकृ �तचत (cutting type of pain in
pakwashaya) – passing of hard stool with difficulty –
pain in lower abdomen and lowback
मू�ावृत वात मू�ाघात – आ�मान in बच�त
अ�यो�यावरण ल�ण चिकक�सा
�ाणावृत �ानवात सवेच�ियाणां शू�य�वं – �मृचतबल�य ऊ�वधज�ुगत चिकक�सा
�ानावृत �ाणवात अचत�वेद – लोमहषध – �वक चवकार �ेहयुि चवरेिन
�ाणावृत समानवात जडता – ग�द – मूकता यापनाबच�त &
ितु��योग of �ेह
समानावृत अपानवात �हणीदोष – �दरोग – पा�धपीडा अचनदीपक घृत
�ाणावृत उदानवात चशरो�ह – चन��ासो�छवाससं�ह ऊ�वधज�ुगत चिकक�सा
उदानावृत �ाणवात ओज कमध बलवणध नाश – मृ�यु शीतजलसेिन आ�ासन
उदानावृत अपानवात छ�दध – �ास – कास बच�त & अनुलोमन
अपानावृत उदानवात मोह – अचनमां� – अचतसार दीपन-�ाही & वमन
�ानावृत अपानवात छ�दध – आ�मान – उदावतध – गु�म –
पररक�तधका
च��ध & अनुलोमन
अपानावृत �ानवात चव�मू�रेतस अचत�वृचि सं�ाही-�त� क ि�
समानावृत �ानवात मू�छाध – त�िा – �लाप – अंगसाद –
अचन ओज बल �य
�ायाम & लघु ोजन
उदानावृत �ानवात �त�धता – अ�वेद – िे�ाहाचन प�य & लघु ोजन
Remaining 8 types of Anyonyavarana should be understood on the basis
of ल�णs of above avarana.
Rabin Singh
25 Chikitsa
आवरण चिकक�सा
आवरक दोष or दू�य should be treated first, then आवृत वात should be treated
as per general line of treatment of वात�ाचध.
Though root-cause is वात, the obstruction should be cleared before
treating आवृत वात.
चपिावृत वात चिकक�सा शीत-उ�ण ��यासिम (alternate) – जीवनीय घृत
कफावृत वात चिकक�सा वमन & चवरेिन – ती�ण �वेद – यव – चतल – सषधप
रिावृत वात चिकक�सा वातरि चिकक�सा
आमावृत वात चिकक�सा �मेह चिकक�सा – वात & मेद नाशक चिकक�सा
मांसावृत वात चिकक�सा �वेदन – अ�यंग – मांस रस – �ीर – घृत – त ल
अच�थ म�ावृत वात चिकक�सा महा�ेह �योग(घृत-त ल-वसा-म�ा)
शुिावृत वात चिकक�सा शुिल & ब�य औषध-आहार-चवहार
अ�ावृत वात चिकक�सा वमन – दीपन & पािन – लघु आहार
पुरीषावृत वात चिकक�सा एर�ड त ल पान – च��ध ि� – उदावतध चिकक�सा
मू�ावृत वात चिकक�सा मू�ल औषध – उिरबच�त – �वेदन
रसायन �योग in आवरण चिकक�सा :
चशलाजतु
गु�गुलु
�यवन�ाश
�� रसायन
अ यामलकी रसायन
धातु �दोषज चवकार
रसधातु
�दोषज चवकार
अ�िा – अ�चि – आ�यव र�य – अरस�ता – ��लास – गौरव – त�िा – अंगमदध
– �वर – तम – पा�डु – �ोतोरोध – �ल �य – कृ शता – अचननाश – अकाल वली
रिधातु
�दोषज चवकार
कु � – चवसपध – चपडका – रिचपि – असृ�दर (रि�दर) – वातरि – गुदपाक –
मे�पाक – मुखपाक – �लीहा – गु�म – चविचध – नीचलका – कामला – �ंग –
चप�लु – चतलकालक – दिू – िमधदल – च�� (ककलास) – पामा – कोठ –
रिम�डल – �य�छ – इ�िलु� – अशध – अबुधद – अंगमदध
मांसधातु
�दोषज चवकार
अचधमांस – अबुधद – मांसकीलक – गलशालूक – गलशु�डी – पूचतमांस – अलजी –
गलग�ड – ग�डमाला – उपचजवच�वका – मांससंघात – ओ� �कोप
मेदोधातु
�दोषज चवकार
अ� चनच�दत पु�ष – �मेह पूवध�प (मुखमाधुयध, ह�तपाद शू�यता व दाह, मुख
तालु क�ठ शोष, चपपासा, आल�य, मलाचध�य, म��यग�धी, मू�दोष etc.) –
�च�थ – वृचिरोग – गलग�ड – अबुधद – मेदोज ओ��कोप – मधुमेह – अचत�वेद
अच�थधातु
�दोषज चवकार
अ�यच�थ – अचधद�त – द�त ेद – द�तशूल – अच�थ ेद – अच�थशूल – अच�थ व
द�त चववणधता – के श लोम नख �म�ु दोष – कु नख रोग
म�ाधातु
�दोषज चवकार
�क् पवधणां (सच�धशूल) – �म – मू�छाध – तमोदशधन – ने�ाच �य�द
शुिधातु
�दोषज चवकार
�ल �य – अहषधण – शुिा�मरी – शुिमेह – शुिदोष – चन�फल शुि (shukra
dhatu incapable to produce ग ध, if conception occurs it leads to
ग धपात or birth of अ�पायु and / or चव�प स�तान)
धातु �दोष and साम धातु are having similar ल�णाs. But treatment differs for
साम and चनरामाव�था.
धातु�दोष चिकक�सा
रसधातु �दोष चिकक�सा लंघन (उपवास)
रि �दोष चिकक�सा रिचपिशामक चिकक�सा – चवरेिन – रिमो�ण
मांस �दोष चिकक�सा संशोधन (पंिकमध) – शिकमध – �ारकमध –अचनकमध
मेदो �दोष चिकक�सा अपतपधण or कषधण – �थौ�यहर & कफ-मेदोहर चिकक�सा
अच�थ �दोष चिकक�सा पंिकमध – चति �ीर बच�त – चति घृत �योग
म�ा �दोष चिकक�सा मधुर चति ि� – �वाय – �ायाम – यथाकाल संशोधन
शुि �दोष चिकक�सा शुिल ि� �योग – शोधन – वाजीकरण
25 Chikitsa
आवरण चिकक�सा
आवरक दोष or दू�य should be treated first, then आवृत वात should be treated
as per general line of treatment of वात�ाचध.
Though root-cause is वात, the obstruction should be cleared before
treating आवृत वात.
चपिावृत वात चिकक�सा शीत-उ�ण ��यासिम (alternate) – जीवनीय घृत
कफावृत वात चिकक�सा वमन & चवरेिन – ती�ण �वेद – यव – चतल – सषधप
रिावृत वात चिकक�सा वातरि चिकक�सा
आमावृत वात चिकक�सा �मेह चिकक�सा – वात & मेद नाशक चिकक�सा
मांसावृत वात चिकक�सा �वेदन – अ�यंग – मांस रस – �ीर – घृत – त ल
अच�थ म�ावृत वात चिकक�सा महा�ेह �योग(घृत-त ल-वसा-म�ा)
शुिावृत वात चिकक�सा शुिल & ब�य औषध-आहार-चवहार
अ�ावृत वात चिकक�सा वमन – दीपन & पािन – लघु आहार
पुरीषावृत वात चिकक�सा एर�ड त ल पान – च��ध ि� – उदावतध चिकक�सा
मू�ावृत वात चिकक�सा मू�ल औषध – उिरबच�त – �वेदन
रसायन �योग in आवरण चिकक�सा :
चशलाजतु
गु�गुलु
�यवन�ाश
�� रसायन
अ यामलकी रसायन
धातु �दोषज चवकार
रसधातु
�दोषज चवकार
अ�िा – अ�चि – आ�यव र�य – अरस�ता – ��लास – गौरव – त�िा – अंगमदध
– �वर – तम – पा�डु – �ोतोरोध – �ल �य – कृ शता – अचननाश – अकाल वली
रिधातु
�दोषज चवकार
कु � – चवसपध – चपडका – रिचपि – असृ�दर (रि�दर) – वातरि – गुदपाक –
मे�पाक – मुखपाक – �लीहा – गु�म – चविचध – नीचलका – कामला – �ंग –
चप�लु – चतलकालक – दिू – िमधदल – च�� (ककलास) – पामा – कोठ –
रिम�डल – �य�छ – इ�िलु� – अशध – अबुधद – अंगमदध
मांसधातु
�दोषज चवकार
अचधमांस – अबुधद – मांसकीलक – गलशालूक – गलशु�डी – पूचतमांस – अलजी –
गलग�ड – ग�डमाला – उपचजवच�वका – मांससंघात – ओ� �कोप
मेदोधातु
�दोषज चवकार
अ� चनच�दत पु�ष – �मेह पूवध�प (मुखमाधुयध, ह�तपाद शू�यता व दाह, मुख
तालु क�ठ शोष, चपपासा, आल�य, मलाचध�य, म��यग�धी, मू�दोष etc.) –
�च�थ – वृचिरोग – गलग�ड – अबुधद – मेदोज ओ��कोप – मधुमेह – अचत�वेद
अच�थधातु
�दोषज चवकार
अ�यच�थ – अचधद�त – द�त ेद – द�तशूल – अच�थ ेद – अच�थशूल – अच�थ व
द�त चववणधता – के श लोम नख �म�ु दोष – कु नख रोग
म�ाधातु
�दोषज चवकार
�क् पवधणां (सच�धशूल) – �म – मू�छाध – तमोदशधन – ने�ाच �य�द
शुिधातु
�दोषज चवकार
�ल �य – अहषधण – शुिा�मरी – शुिमेह – शुिदोष – चन�फल शुि (shukra
dhatu incapable to produce ग ध, if conception occurs it leads to
ग धपात or birth of अ�पायु and / or चव�प स�तान)
धातु �दोष and साम धातु are having similar ल�णाs. But treatment differs for
साम and चनरामाव�था.
धातु�दोष चिकक�सा
रसधातु �दोष चिकक�सा लंघन (उपवास)
रि �दोष चिकक�सा रिचपिशामक चिकक�सा – चवरेिन – रिमो�ण
मांस �दोष चिकक�सा संशोधन (पंिकमध) – शिकमध – �ारकमध –अचनकमध
मेदो �दोष चिकक�सा अपतपधण or कषधण – �थौ�यहर & कफ-मेदोहर चिकक�सा
अच�थ �दोष चिकक�सा पंिकमध – चति �ीर बच�त – चति घृत �योग
म�ा �दोष चिकक�सा मधुर चति ि� – �वाय – �ायाम – यथाकाल संशोधन
शुि �दोष चिकक�सा शुिल ि� �योग – शोधन – वाजीकरण
Rabin Singh
26 Chikitsa
सामा�यज & नाना�मज चवकार
सामा�यज चवकार
सामा�यज चवकाराs are those diseases which are produced by vitiated
doshas either individually or in combinations of two or three. They may
be एकदोषज (वातज /चपिज /कफज), चिदोषज (संसगधज), or च�दोषज (सच�पातज).
Examples of Samanyaja vikaras –
8 types of उदर, मू�कृ�र, �ीरदोष, शुिदोष; 7 types of कु�, �मेह चपचडका, चवसपध;
6 types of अचतसार, उदावतध, गु�म, �लीहा, कास, �ास, चह�ा, तृ�णा, छ�दध, अ�चि,
चशरोरोग, �दरोग, पा�डुरोग, उ�माद; 4 types of ने�रोग, कणधरोग, �चत�याय, मुखरोग,
�हणी रोग, मद, मू�छाध, शोष, �ल �य; 3 types of शोथ, ककलास, रिचपि; 2 types of
�वर, �ण, आयाम, गृ�चस, कामला, आम, वातरि, अशध; 1 type of उ��त� , स�यास,
महागद; 20 types of कृचमरोग, �मेह, योचन�ापत.
नाना�मज चवकार
“न + अन् + आ�मज” The diseases which cannot be produced without
involvement of the �धान दोष (predominant dosha), i.e only one dosha is
responisible for such disease, whereas other doshas may be involved as
अ�धान दोष (associated doshas).
For examples –
वात�ाचध is produced by वात दोष, in which चपि or कफ may or may not be
involved as associated doshas, and the वात�ाचध cannot be produced
without involvement of वात; hence it is a नाना�मज चवकार.
वातज नाना�मज चवकार 80
चपिज नाना�मज चवकार 40
कफज नाना�मज चवकार 20
वातज नाना�मज चवकार 80
Examples – अ�दधत, एकांगवात, सवा�गवात, प�ावध (प�ाघात), आ�ेपक, द�डक,
जानु ेद, गृ�चस, चवपाकदका, पादशूल, खंज, कु�ज, वामन�व, पृ��ह, �ीवा�त� ,
म�या�त� , हनु ेद, ओ� ेद, अच� ेद, द�त ेद, कणधशूल, चशरो�क् (चशर�शूल), बाचधयध,
मुखशोष, गुद�ंश, वेपथु, जृ� ा, चह�ा, रौ�य, पा��य etc.
चपिज नाना�मज चवकार 40
Examples – ओष, दाह, धूमक, आ�लक, अ�तदाधह, �व�दाह, अंसदाह, ऊ�माचध�य,
अचत�वेद, रिकोठ, रिचव�फोट, रिचपि, रिम�डल, कामला, चतिा�यता, पूचतमुखता,
तृ�णाचध�य, अतृच�, मुखपाक, गलपाक, अच�पाक, गुदपाक, मे�पाक, जीवादान, तम��वेश,
हाररत-हाररि ने� मू� विध etc.
कफज नाना�मज चवकार 20
Examples – तृच� (अन�ाच लाषा), त�िा, चनिाचध�य, गु�गा�ता, आल�य, मुखमाधुयध,
मलाचध�य, अचवपाक, �दयोपलेप, क�ठोपलेप, गलग�ड, अचत�थौ�य, शीताचन (म�दाचन),
उददध, �ेताव ासता (�ेतवणध �वक ने�) etc.
सामा�यज & नाना�मज चवकार चिकक�सा
These diseases are produced by imbalance or vitiation of doshas
(दोष चवषमता), therefore they can be treated by balancing the dosha
(i.e. bringing about दोष सा�यता).
चनदान पररवजधन
बृंहण of �ीण दोष, शमन of कुचपत दोष, चनहधरण (शोधन) of वृि दोष, and
पररपालन of सम दोष are the general line of treatments for bringing
about equilibrium state of dosha (दोष सा�यता). – सु.चि.33/3
Treatment is given with consideration of रोगी-रोग बल & दोष बलाबल.
दोषोपिम – For नाना�मज चवकार, specific treatments for respective
doshas should be adopted. (Detailed on page. no. 22)
26 Chikitsa
सामा�यज & नाना�मज चवकार
सामा�यज चवकार
सामा�यज चवकाराs are those diseases which are produced by vitiated
doshas either individually or in combinations of two or three. They may
be एकदोषज (वातज /चपिज /कफज), चिदोषज (संसगधज), or च�दोषज (सच�पातज).
Examples of Samanyaja vikaras –
8 types of उदर, मू�कृ�र, �ीरदोष, शुिदोष; 7 types of कु�, �मेह चपचडका, चवसपध;
6 types of अचतसार, उदावतध, गु�म, �लीहा, कास, �ास, चह�ा, तृ�णा, छ�दध, अ�चि,
चशरोरोग, �दरोग, पा�डुरोग, उ�माद; 4 types of ने�रोग, कणधरोग, �चत�याय, मुखरोग,
�हणी रोग, मद, मू�छाध, शोष, �ल �य; 3 types of शोथ, ककलास, रिचपि; 2 types of
�वर, �ण, आयाम, गृ�चस, कामला, आम, वातरि, अशध; 1 type of उ��त� , स�यास,
महागद; 20 types of कृचमरोग, �मेह, योचन�ापत.
नाना�मज चवकार
“न + अन् + आ�मज” The diseases which cannot be produced without
involvement of the �धान दोष (predominant dosha), i.e only one dosha is
responisible for such disease, whereas other doshas may be involved as
अ�धान दोष (associated doshas).
For examples –
वात�ाचध is produced by वात दोष, in which चपि or कफ may or may not be
involved as associated doshas, and the वात�ाचध cannot be produced
without involvement of वात; hence it is a नाना�मज चवकार.
वातज नाना�मज चवकार 80
चपिज नाना�मज चवकार 40
कफज नाना�मज चवकार 20
वातज नाना�मज चवकार 80
Examples – अ�दधत, एकांगवात, सवा�गवात, प�ावध (प�ाघात), आ�ेपक, द�डक,
जानु ेद, गृ�चस, चवपाकदका, पादशूल, खंज, कु�ज, वामन�व, पृ��ह, �ीवा�त� ,
म�या�त� , हनु ेद, ओ� ेद, अच� ेद, द�त ेद, कणधशूल, चशरो�क् (चशर�शूल), बाचधयध,
मुखशोष, गुद�ंश, वेपथु, जृ� ा, चह�ा, रौ�य, पा��य etc.
चपिज नाना�मज चवकार 40
Examples – ओष, दाह, धूमक, आ�लक, अ�तदाधह, �व�दाह, अंसदाह, ऊ�माचध�य,
अचत�वेद, रिकोठ, रिचव�फोट, रिचपि, रिम�डल, कामला, चतिा�यता, पूचतमुखता,
तृ�णाचध�य, अतृच�, मुखपाक, गलपाक, अच�पाक, गुदपाक, मे�पाक, जीवादान, तम��वेश,
हाररत-हाररि ने� मू� विध etc.
कफज नाना�मज चवकार 20
Examples – तृच� (अन�ाच लाषा), त�िा, चनिाचध�य, गु�गा�ता, आल�य, मुखमाधुयध,
मलाचध�य, अचवपाक, �दयोपलेप, क�ठोपलेप, गलग�ड, अचत�थौ�य, शीताचन (म�दाचन),
उददध, �ेताव ासता (�ेतवणध �वक ने�) etc.
सामा�यज & नाना�मज चवकार चिकक�सा
These diseases are produced by imbalance or vitiation of doshas
(दोष चवषमता), therefore they can be treated by balancing the dosha
(i.e. bringing about दोष सा�यता).
चनदान पररवजधन
बृंहण of �ीण दोष, शमन of कुचपत दोष, चनहधरण (शोधन) of वृि दोष, and
पररपालन of सम दोष are the general line of treatments for bringing
about equilibrium state of dosha (दोष सा�यता). – सु.चि.33/3
Treatment is given with consideration of रोगी-रोग बल & दोष बलाबल.
दोषोपिम – For नाना�मज चवकार, specific treatments for respective
doshas should be adopted. (Detailed on page. no. 22)
Rabin Singh
27 Chikitsa
Importance of दोष, दू�य, देश, काल, बल, अचन, �कृचत, वय, सवव,
सा��य, आहार and �ाचध अव�था in चिकक�सा
A wise physician always should consider the following factors carefully
before initiating any kind of therapy
दोष The शारीररक दोष (वात-चपि-कफ ) & मानचसक दोष (सवव-रज-तम), in
normal state, play important role in normal physiological and
psychological fuctions of the body. But when they get aggravated or
vitiated, pathological changes occur in the body those lead to
manifestation of various diseases. So health and disease depend upon
state of दोष सा�यता & चवषमता, and therefore physician should examine
the शारीररक & मानचसक दोष carefully before initiating any treatment.
Always treatment should be planned with consideration of दोष वृचि-�य-
सम अव�था, ऊ�वधगचत, अध�गचत, चतयधकगचत, को�गचत, शाखागचत, ममाधच�थसच�धगचत,
�व�थान �कोप, �थाना�तरगत �कोप, �वत�� �कोप, परत�� �कोप, आवरण, आम,
ि�दज, सच�पातज, दोष बलाबल, धातुगत, मलगत, संिय-�कोप-�सर-�थानसं�य-�ि –
ेदावा�था, अंशांश क�पना etc.
Disease is produced due to दोष-दू�य स�मू�छधन and the pathogenesis of
disease (स��ाच�) includes चनदान, दोष, दू�य, �ोतोदुच�, �थानसं�य etc. Hence
the general line of treatment for every disease is चनदान पररवजधन &
treatment of दोष-दू�य for स��ाच� चवघटन.
दू�य Consideration of involved धातु is also equally important as of दोष,
during treatment of any disease. Vitiated धातु & मल are called दू�य. They
are स��ाच� घटक, so they must be treated for स��ाच� चवघटन. If दू�य is
ignored, it can result in unsuccessful treatment or relapse of the disease.
देश The term ‘देश’ denote two meanings –(i) ूचम & (ii) आतुर.
(i) ूचम परी�ा To examine the place where the patient is born, brought
about, or corrently living, and most importantly the place where he got
the disease. All these places should be examined for their climate, soil,
common ahara-vihara etc. There are three types of ूचम
1. जांगल देश �� & वात�धान
2. आनूप देश �लेद & कफ�धान
3. साधारण देश सामा�य वातावरण, च�दोष सम
(ii) आतुर परी�ा The area where treatment is applied, is the body of
patient. This body should be thoroughly examined to determine �माण of
आयु, दोष बल, and रोगी-रोग बल. Diagnosis, selection of treatment
measures, selection of drugs and dosage of drugs depend upon रोगी-रोग
बल, दोष बल, आयु etc. Also these factors are used to assess सा�यासा�यता
(prognosis of disease).
दशचवध आतुर परी�ा includes �कृचत, चवकृचत, सार, संहनन, सा��य, सवव, �माण,
आहार शचि, �ायाम शचि and वय.
Patient’s body can also be examined with अ��थान परी�ा नाडी, मू�, मल,
चज�वा, श�द, �पशध, दृक and आकृचत.
काल There are two types of काल
(i) चन�यग काल – �ण, मु�िध, seconds, minutes, hours, कदन (days), राच�
(night), प� (fortnight), मास (months), ऋतु (seasons), अयन (उिरान &
दच�णायन), संव�सर (year), युग (era) etc. Physician has to consider काल for
proper diagnosis, treatment and dose of drugs (औषध सेवन काल) etc.
(ii) आवच�थक काल – It is either वयानुसार or �ाचध अव�थानुसार – e.g. diseases
are generally सुखसा�य in युवाव�था, and क�सा�य in वृिाव�था. And the
treatment defers for different �ाचध अव�था.
27 Chikitsa
Importance of दोष, दू�य, देश, काल, बल, अचन, �कृचत, वय, सवव,
सा��य, आहार and �ाचध अव�था in चिकक�सा
A wise physician always should consider the following factors carefully
before initiating any kind of therapy
दोष The शारीररक दोष (वात-चपि-कफ ) & मानचसक दोष (सवव-रज-तम), in
normal state, play important role in normal physiological and
psychological fuctions of the body. But when they get aggravated or
vitiated, pathological changes occur in the body those lead to
manifestation of various diseases. So health and disease depend upon
state of दोष सा�यता & चवषमता, and therefore physician should examine
the शारीररक & मानचसक दोष carefully before initiating any treatment.
Always treatment should be planned with consideration of दोष वृचि-�य-
सम अव�था, ऊ�वधगचत, अध�गचत, चतयधकगचत, को�गचत, शाखागचत, ममाधच�थसच�धगचत,
�व�थान �कोप, �थाना�तरगत �कोप, �वत�� �कोप, परत�� �कोप, आवरण, आम,
ि�दज, सच�पातज, दोष बलाबल, धातुगत, मलगत, संिय-�कोप-�सर-�थानसं�य-�ि –
ेदावा�था, अंशांश क�पना etc.
Disease is produced due to दोष-दू�य स�मू�छधन and the pathogenesis of
disease (स��ाच�) includes चनदान, दोष, दू�य, �ोतोदुच�, �थानसं�य etc. Hence
the general line of treatment for every disease is चनदान पररवजधन &
treatment of दोष-दू�य for स��ाच� चवघटन.
दू�य Consideration of involved धातु is also equally important as of दोष,
during treatment of any disease. Vitiated धातु & मल are called दू�य. They
are स��ाच� घटक, so they must be treated for स��ाच� चवघटन. If दू�य is
ignored, it can result in unsuccessful treatment or relapse of the disease.
देश The term ‘देश’ denote two meanings –(i) ूचम & (ii) आतुर.
(i) ूचम परी�ा To examine the place where the patient is born, brought
about, or corrently living, and most importantly the place where he got
the disease. All these places should be examined for their climate, soil,
common ahara-vihara etc. There are three types of ूचम
1. जांगल देश �� & वात�धान
2. आनूप देश �लेद & कफ�धान
3. साधारण देश सामा�य वातावरण, च�दोष सम
(ii) आतुर परी�ा The area where treatment is applied, is the body of
patient. This body should be thoroughly examined to determine �माण of
आयु, दोष बल, and रोगी-रोग बल. Diagnosis, selection of treatment
measures, selection of drugs and dosage of drugs depend upon रोगी-रोग
बल, दोष बल, आयु etc. Also these factors are used to assess सा�यासा�यता
(prognosis of disease).
दशचवध आतुर परी�ा includes �कृचत, चवकृचत, सार, संहनन, सा��य, सवव, �माण,
आहार शचि, �ायाम शचि and वय.
Patient’s body can also be examined with अ��थान परी�ा नाडी, मू�, मल,
चज�वा, श�द, �पशध, दृक and आकृचत.
काल There are two types of काल
(i) चन�यग काल – �ण, मु�िध, seconds, minutes, hours, कदन (days), राच�
(night), प� (fortnight), मास (months), ऋतु (seasons), अयन (उिरान &
दच�णायन), संव�सर (year), युग (era) etc. Physician has to consider काल for
proper diagnosis, treatment and dose of drugs (औषध सेवन काल) etc.
(ii) आवच�थक काल – It is either वयानुसार or �ाचध अव�थानुसार – e.g. diseases
are generally सुखसा�य in युवाव�था, and क�सा�य in वृिाव�था. And the
treatment defers for different �ाचध अव�था.
Rabin Singh
28 Chikitsa
बल Consideration of रोगी बल, रोग बल, दोष बल and अचन बल are having
utmost importance in diagnosis and treatment, especially for selection of
therapeutic procdures like shodhana & shaman, selection of drugs, and
dose & duration of drug-therapy.
रोगी बल of सहज (innate), कालज (seasonal) and युचिकृत (acquired) may
be �वर (strong), म�यम (medium), and अवर or अ�प (weak).
रोग बल may also be �वर (strong), म�यम (medium), and अवर (weak).
दोष may be involved in disease with ब�दोष (excessive doshas)
म�यमदोष (moderate) and अ�पदोष (less) �कोप. They may be causing
the disease individually (एकदोषज), in combination of two (संसगधज), or
in combination of all the three (सच�पातज) with variable दोष बलाबल that
is denoted by तर - तम.
अचन बल may be �वर, म�यम or अवर.
अचन Consideration of अचन बल and अचन अव�था such as assessment
ती�णाचन, समाचन, म�दाचन, and चवषमाचन help in diagnosis and treatment. The
importance of अचन can be understood by following quotations
कायचिकक�सा इचत काय�य अ�तरनेचिकक�सा । (गंगाधर)
रोगा� सवेचप म�देsनौ . . . । (अ.�.चन.12/1)
�कृचत The constitution of patient is examined for proper diagnosis and
initiation of proper treatment. Selection of drugs and treatment measures
also depend upon the �कृचत of the patient. �कृचत may be वातज, चपिज,
कफज, ि�दज, or सच�पातज.
वय Many diseases are age-related, e.g., वाधध�यज�य चवकाराs are
produced due to degenerative changes in old age. Consideration of
बा�याव�था, ककशोराव�था, युवाव�था, �ौढ, वृि, and जराव�था is important in
treatment for diagnosis, selection of drugs and prognosis etc.
सवव The mental strength or will power of the patient should be
examined for assessment of severity and prognosis of disease, such as
गु��ाचधत रोगी appears to be having mild disease even if he has severe
disease; but in case of लघु�ाचधत, he appears to be having severe
disease while actually having mild disease. सवव may be �वर, म�यम or
अवर. A good mental strength indicates good prognosis.
सा��य Acceptability of the body and mind of patient, or the �व�कृचत
अनुकूल (suitable) पदाथध (substances), रस (tastes) or जलवायु (climates) are
called सा��य. For example, patient may be एकरस सा��य, सवधरस सा��य, च��ध
or �� सा��य etc.
सा��य should be examined as देह सा��य, �कृचत सा��य, ऋतु सा��य, देश सा��य,
ओक सा��य, जाचत सा��य, काल सा��य, बल सा��य etc. It is useful in the treatment
for choosing the line of treatment and deciding dosage and duration of
drug therapy.
आहार आहार is having various types such as अचशत, पीत, लीढ, खाकदत,
शाकाहारी, मांसाहारी, चव�िाहार, अनशन, अ�यशन, चवषमाशन, चव�िाशन, लघु, गु�,
शीत, उ�ण, �कृचत, करण, स�योग, राचश, देश, काल, उपयोगसं�था, उपयोिा etc. All
these types of ahara should be considered before initiating treatment.
�ाचध अव�था Assessment of the stages of a disease is essential for
successful treatment. The knowledge of �ाचध अव�था is useful in
determining the strength of disease and deciding the line of treatment.
�ाचध अव�था may be नव or जीणध, and based on षड् कियाकाल it may be
संियाव�था, �कोपाव�था, �सराव�था, �थानसं�याव�था, �िाव�था and ेदाव�था.
The treatment measures for all these stages are diffrerent and those
must be applied with proper assessment of the stage of disease.
28 Chikitsa
बल Consideration of रोगी बल, रोग बल, दोष बल and अचन बल are having
utmost importance in diagnosis and treatment, especially for selection of
therapeutic procdures like shodhana & shaman, selection of drugs, and
dose & duration of drug-therapy.
रोगी बल of सहज (innate), कालज (seasonal) and युचिकृत (acquired) may
be �वर (strong), म�यम (medium), and अवर or अ�प (weak).
रोग बल may also be �वर (strong), म�यम (medium), and अवर (weak).
दोष may be involved in disease with ब�दोष (excessive doshas)
म�यमदोष (moderate) and अ�पदोष (less) �कोप. They may be causing
the disease individually (एकदोषज), in combination of two (संसगधज), or
in combination of all the three (सच�पातज) with variable दोष बलाबल that
is denoted by तर - तम.
अचन बल may be �वर, म�यम or अवर.
अचन Consideration of अचन बल and अचन अव�था such as assessment
ती�णाचन, समाचन, म�दाचन, and चवषमाचन help in diagnosis and treatment. The
importance of अचन can be understood by following quotations
कायचिकक�सा इचत काय�य अ�तरनेचिकक�सा । (गंगाधर)
रोगा� सवेचप म�देsनौ . . . । (अ.�.चन.12/1)
�कृचत The constitution of patient is examined for proper diagnosis and
initiation of proper treatment. Selection of drugs and treatment measures
also depend upon the �कृचत of the patient. �कृचत may be वातज, चपिज,
कफज, ि�दज, or सच�पातज.
वय Many diseases are age-related, e.g., वाधध�यज�य चवकाराs are
produced due to degenerative changes in old age. Consideration of
बा�याव�था, ककशोराव�था, युवाव�था, �ौढ, वृि, and जराव�था is important in
treatment for diagnosis, selection of drugs and prognosis etc.
सवव The mental strength or will power of the patient should be
examined for assessment of severity and prognosis of disease, such as
गु��ाचधत रोगी appears to be having mild disease even if he has severe
disease; but in case of लघु�ाचधत, he appears to be having severe
disease while actually having mild disease. सवव may be �वर, म�यम or
अवर. A good mental strength indicates good prognosis.
सा��य Acceptability of the body and mind of patient, or the �व�कृचत
अनुकूल (suitable) पदाथध (substances), रस (tastes) or जलवायु (climates) are
called सा��य. For example, patient may be एकरस सा��य, सवधरस सा��य, च��ध
or �� सा��य etc.
सा��य should be examined as देह सा��य, �कृचत सा��य, ऋतु सा��य, देश सा��य,
ओक सा��य, जाचत सा��य, काल सा��य, बल सा��य etc. It is useful in the treatment
for choosing the line of treatment and deciding dosage and duration of
drug therapy.
आहार आहार is having various types such as अचशत, पीत, लीढ, खाकदत,
शाकाहारी, मांसाहारी, चव�िाहार, अनशन, अ�यशन, चवषमाशन, चव�िाशन, लघु, गु�,
शीत, उ�ण, �कृचत, करण, स�योग, राचश, देश, काल, उपयोगसं�था, उपयोिा etc. All
these types of ahara should be considered before initiating treatment.
�ाचध अव�था Assessment of the stages of a disease is essential for
successful treatment. The knowledge of �ाचध अव�था is useful in
determining the strength of disease and deciding the line of treatment.
�ाचध अव�था may be नव or जीणध, and based on षड् कियाकाल it may be
संियाव�था, �कोपाव�था, �सराव�था, �थानसं�याव�था, �िाव�था and ेदाव�था.
The treatment measures for all these stages are diffrerent and those
must be applied with proper assessment of the stage of disease.
Rabin Singh
29 Chikitsa
चिचवधोपिम
उपि�य�य चह चि�वाकदचिध वोपिमो मत� ।
एक� स�तपधण�तत चितीयिापतपधण� ॥ (अ.�.सू.14/1)
Acharya Vagbhata has mentioned two types of therapies
1. स�तपधण Tonofying or nourishing therapy (बृंहण चिकक�सा)
2. अपतपधण Making the body light or reducing therapy (लंघन चिकक�सा)
स�तपधण means nourishment, and अपतपधण means under nourishment.
Indications of स�तपधण चिकक�सा are अपतपधणज�य �ाचध such as �य, शोष,
वात�ाचध etc., whereas indications of अपतपधण are आमदोषज�य & स�तपधणज�य
�ाचध such as �थौ�य, मेदोचवकार, कु�, �मेह etc.
चिचवध उपिम also includes six types of therapies (षडचवध उपिम)
लंघन ��ण �वेदन अपतपधण
बृंहण �ेहन �त� न स�तपधण
अपतपधण उपिम
This therapy includes लंघन चिकक�सा, which is indicated for आमदोषज�य &
स�तपधणज�य रोग. अपतपधण or लंघन चिकक�सा is classified as follows
3 types of अपतपधण (i) लंघन, (ii) लंघन-पािन, (iii) दोषावसेिन
2 types of लंघन चिकक�सा (i) शोधन चिकक�सा, (ii) शमन चिकक�सा
10 types of लंघन चिकक�सा (i) वमन
(ii) चवरेिन
(iii) चन�ह बच�त
(iv) चशरोचवरेिन (न�य)
(v) पािन
(vi) उपवास
(vii) चपपासा
(viii) आतप सेवन
(ix) मा�त सेवन
(x) �ायाम
स�तपधण उपिम
This therapy includes बृंहण चिकक�सा that is treatment with धातुपुच�कर & बृंहण
औषध-आहार-चवहार. It is indicated for अपतपधणज�य रोग.
स�तपधण or बृंहण चिकक�सा is classified as follows
1. स� स�तपधण Administration of therapies (चिकक�सा) and drugs (ि�),
those provide nourishment to the शरीर (body) and धातु (tissues)
immediately, is known as स� स�तपधण.
For example – बृंहण बच�त �योग, बृंहण ि� �योग (िा�ा, खजूधर, दाचडम,
प�षक, वृ�ा�ल etc.)
2. अ�यास स�तपधण Nourishing therapy that includes बृंहण ि� �योग and
धातुपुच�कर आहार-चवहार सेवन, continuously for longer duration, is known
as अ�यास स�तपधण.
For example – दु�ध & घृत चन�यसेवन, मांसरस, सिू, मधुर अ�ल शीत च��ध मृदु
गुण युि बृंहण आहार सेवन, अ�यंग, अनुवासन बच�त etc.
[ Note Detailed explanation of लंघन and बृंहण, under the heading of षडचवधोपिम can
also be used to describe चिचवधोपिम, if चिचवधोपिम is asked for 15 marks. ]
षड् चवधोपिम
षडचवध-उपिम (six types of therapies) are included in चिचवध-उपिम (two
types of therapies – स�तपधण & अपतपधण). अपतपधण is used in �थूल रोगी & साम
रोग (स�तपधण ज�य रोग), whereas स�तपधण is used in कृशरोगी & चनराम रोग
(अपतपधण ज�य रोग).
लंघनं बृंहणं काले ��णं �ेहनं तथा ।
�वेदनं �त� नं जानीते य� स व च षक् ॥ (ि.सू.22/4)
According to Acharya Charaka, those who have the knowledge about all
six types of therapies (षडचवधोपिम) are called च षक or व � (physicians).
These therapies are लंघन, बृंहण, ��ण, �ेहन, �वेदन and �त� न.
29 Chikitsa
चिचवधोपिम
उपि�य�य चह चि�वाकदचिध वोपिमो मत� ।
एक� स�तपधण�तत चितीयिापतपधण� ॥ (अ.�.सू.14/1)
Acharya Vagbhata has mentioned two types of therapies
1. स�तपधण Tonofying or nourishing therapy (बृंहण चिकक�सा)
2. अपतपधण Making the body light or reducing therapy (लंघन चिकक�सा)
स�तपधण means nourishment, and अपतपधण means under nourishment.
Indications of स�तपधण चिकक�सा are अपतपधणज�य �ाचध such as �य, शोष,
वात�ाचध etc., whereas indications of अपतपधण are आमदोषज�य & स�तपधणज�य
�ाचध such as �थौ�य, मेदोचवकार, कु�, �मेह etc.
चिचवध उपिम also includes six types of therapies (षडचवध उपिम)
लंघन ��ण �वेदन अपतपधण
बृंहण �ेहन �त� न स�तपधण
अपतपधण उपिम
This therapy includes लंघन चिकक�सा, which is indicated for आमदोषज�य &
स�तपधणज�य रोग. अपतपधण or लंघन चिकक�सा is classified as follows
3 types of अपतपधण (i) लंघन, (ii) लंघन-पािन, (iii) दोषावसेिन
2 types of लंघन चिकक�सा (i) शोधन चिकक�सा, (ii) शमन चिकक�सा
10 types of लंघन चिकक�सा (i) वमन
(ii) चवरेिन
(iii) चन�ह बच�त
(iv) चशरोचवरेिन (न�य)
(v) पािन
(vi) उपवास
(vii) चपपासा
(viii) आतप सेवन
(ix) मा�त सेवन
(x) �ायाम
स�तपधण उपिम
This therapy includes बृंहण चिकक�सा that is treatment with धातुपुच�कर & बृंहण
औषध-आहार-चवहार. It is indicated for अपतपधणज�य रोग.
स�तपधण or बृंहण चिकक�सा is classified as follows
1. स� स�तपधण Administration of therapies (चिकक�सा) and drugs (ि�),
those provide nourishment to the शरीर (body) and धातु (tissues)
immediately, is known as स� स�तपधण.
For example – बृंहण बच�त �योग, बृंहण ि� �योग (िा�ा, खजूधर, दाचडम,
प�षक, वृ�ा�ल etc.)
2. अ�यास स�तपधण Nourishing therapy that includes बृंहण ि� �योग and
धातुपुच�कर आहार-चवहार सेवन, continuously for longer duration, is known
as अ�यास स�तपधण.
For example – दु�ध & घृत चन�यसेवन, मांसरस, सिू, मधुर अ�ल शीत च��ध मृदु
गुण युि बृंहण आहार सेवन, अ�यंग, अनुवासन बच�त etc.
[ Note Detailed explanation of लंघन and बृंहण, under the heading of षडचवधोपिम can
also be used to describe चिचवधोपिम, if चिचवधोपिम is asked for 15 marks. ]
षड् चवधोपिम
षडचवध-उपिम (six types of therapies) are included in चिचवध-उपिम (two
types of therapies – स�तपधण & अपतपधण). अपतपधण is used in �थूल रोगी & साम
रोग (स�तपधण ज�य रोग), whereas स�तपधण is used in कृशरोगी & चनराम रोग
(अपतपधण ज�य रोग).
लंघनं बृंहणं काले ��णं �ेहनं तथा ।
�वेदनं �त� नं जानीते य� स व च षक् ॥ (ि.सू.22/4)
According to Acharya Charaka, those who have the knowledge about all
six types of therapies (षडचवधोपिम) are called च षक or व � (physicians).
These therapies are लंघन, बृंहण, ��ण, �ेहन, �वेदन and �त� न.
Rabin Singh
30 Chikitsa
1. लंघन
यह�कंचित लाघवकरं देहे त�लंघनं �मृतम् ।
Reducing therapy – that which brings lightness in the body.
लंघन ि�
लघू�णती�णचवशदं ��ं सू�मं खरं सरम् ।
करठनं ि व यद् ि�ं �ाय�त�लंघनं�मृतम् ॥ (ि.सू.22/12)
लंघन ि� are लघु (light), उ�ण(hot in potency), ती�ण (sharp), चवशद (non
slimy), �� (dry) सू�म (minute) खर (rough) सर (mobile) and करठन (hard) in
nature. For example – यव, मु�, च�फला, मररि, चप�पली, चवडंग, मेचथका etc.
लंघन ेद
1. दश ेद
1. वमन – Emesis
2. चवरेिन – Purgation
3. चन�ह बच�त – Decoction enema
4. न�य (चशरोचवरेिन) – Errhines
5. पािन – Use of digestants
6. उपवास – Fasting
7. चपपासा – Thirst
8. आतपसेवन – Exposure to sun rays
9. मा�तसेवन – Exposure to fresh air
10. �ायाम – Exercise
2. चि ेद
1. शोधन – Purificatory procedures
(वमन, चवरेिन, चन�ह बच�त, चशरोचवरेिन, and रिमो�ण)
2. शमन – Palliative or pacifying procedures
(पािन, दीपन, �ुधा, तृ�णा, �ायाम, आतप and मा�त सेवन)
Indications of लंघन आमदोष ज�य चवकार, स�तपधण ज�य रोग, �थौ�य, �मेह, कु�,
उ��त� , अलसक, अचतच��ध पु�ष, रसधातुगत चवकार, मेदो चवकार, चशचशर ऋतु etc.
Contraindications of लंघन वात वृचि, अपतपधण ज�य �ाचध, कृश, �� पु�ष etc.
स�यक लंघन ल�ण (i) शरीर लघुता
(ii) आमपािन & अचनदीपन
(iii) �दय, क�ठ & मुख शुचि
(iv) स�यक् मल मू� �याग
(v) स�तपधणो�थ रोग �शमन
अचतलंघन ल�ण (i) अंगमदध, पवध ेद, कास, �ास, चह�ा, जृ� ा उ�पचि
(ii) �ुधानाश, देह & अचन बल नाश
(iii) अ�चि
(iv) तृ�णाचध�य
(v) चििचव�ंश
अचतलंघन चिकक�सा शकधरा, मांसरस, �ीर, घृत आकद बृंहणीय ि� �योग.
2. बृंहण
बृह�वं य�छरीर�य जनयेत् त� बृंहणम् ।
Nourishing therapy – increases the musculature or bulk of body.
बृंहण ि�
गु� शीतं मृदु च��धं बहलं �थूलचपच�छलम् ।
�ायो म�दं च�थरं ��णं ि�ं बृंहणमु�यते ॥ (ि.सू.22/13)
बृंहण ि� are गु� (heavy), शीत (cold), मृदु (soft), च��ध (unctuous), बहल
(thick), �थूल (bulky), चपच�छल (slimy), म�द (sluggish), च�थर (stable) and ��ण
(smooth) in nature. For example – मधुर शीत च��ध आहार, दु�ध, घृत, शकधरा,
मांसरस, िा�ा, मृचिका, खजूधर, दाचडम, प�षक, वृ�ा�ल, आमलकी, शतावरी, बला,
अ�ग�धा, चवदारीक�द, अनुवासन बच�त, अ�यंग, उ�सादन, �ान, चनिा सेवन etc.
Indications of बृंहण अपतपधण ज�य रोग, वात�ाचध, �त, �ीण, कृश, वृि, दुबधल
पु�ष, िी-म� चन�यसेवी, �ी�मकाल etc.
Contraindications of बृंहण स�तपधण ज�य रोग, आमदोष, अचतच��ध, अचत�थूल
पु�ष, उ��त� , मेदोवृचि, कफवृचि etc.
30 Chikitsa
1. लंघन
यह�कंचित लाघवकरं देहे त�लंघनं �मृतम् ।
Reducing therapy – that which brings lightness in the body.
लंघन ि�
लघू�णती�णचवशदं ��ं सू�मं खरं सरम् ।
करठनं ि व यद् ि�ं �ाय�त�लंघनं�मृतम् ॥ (ि.सू.22/12)
लंघन ि� are लघु (light), उ�ण(hot in potency), ती�ण (sharp), चवशद (non
slimy), �� (dry) सू�म (minute) खर (rough) सर (mobile) and करठन (hard) in
nature. For example – यव, मु�, च�फला, मररि, चप�पली, चवडंग, मेचथका etc.
लंघन ेद
1. दश ेद
1. वमन – Emesis
2. चवरेिन – Purgation
3. चन�ह बच�त – Decoction enema
4. न�य (चशरोचवरेिन) – Errhines
5. पािन – Use of digestants
6. उपवास – Fasting
7. चपपासा – Thirst
8. आतपसेवन – Exposure to sun rays
9. मा�तसेवन – Exposure to fresh air
10. �ायाम – Exercise
2. चि ेद
1. शोधन – Purificatory procedures
(वमन, चवरेिन, चन�ह बच�त, चशरोचवरेिन, and रिमो�ण)
2. शमन – Palliative or pacifying procedures
(पािन, दीपन, �ुधा, तृ�णा, �ायाम, आतप and मा�त सेवन)
Indications of लंघन आमदोष ज�य चवकार, स�तपधण ज�य रोग, �थौ�य, �मेह, कु�,
उ��त� , अलसक, अचतच��ध पु�ष, रसधातुगत चवकार, मेदो चवकार, चशचशर ऋतु etc.
Contraindications of लंघन वात वृचि, अपतपधण ज�य �ाचध, कृश, �� पु�ष etc.
स�यक लंघन ल�ण (i) शरीर लघुता
(ii) आमपािन & अचनदीपन
(iii) �दय, क�ठ & मुख शुचि
(iv) स�यक् मल मू� �याग
(v) स�तपधणो�थ रोग �शमन
अचतलंघन ल�ण (i) अंगमदध, पवध ेद, कास, �ास, चह�ा, जृ� ा उ�पचि
(ii) �ुधानाश, देह & अचन बल नाश
(iii) अ�चि
(iv) तृ�णाचध�य
(v) चििचव�ंश
अचतलंघन चिकक�सा शकधरा, मांसरस, �ीर, घृत आकद बृंहणीय ि� �योग.
2. बृंहण
बृह�वं य�छरीर�य जनयेत् त� बृंहणम् ।
Nourishing therapy – increases the musculature or bulk of body.
बृंहण ि�
गु� शीतं मृदु च��धं बहलं �थूलचपच�छलम् ।
�ायो म�दं च�थरं ��णं ि�ं बृंहणमु�यते ॥ (ि.सू.22/13)
बृंहण ि� are गु� (heavy), शीत (cold), मृदु (soft), च��ध (unctuous), बहल
(thick), �थूल (bulky), चपच�छल (slimy), म�द (sluggish), च�थर (stable) and ��ण
(smooth) in nature. For example – मधुर शीत च��ध आहार, दु�ध, घृत, शकधरा,
मांसरस, िा�ा, मृचिका, खजूधर, दाचडम, प�षक, वृ�ा�ल, आमलकी, शतावरी, बला,
अ�ग�धा, चवदारीक�द, अनुवासन बच�त, अ�यंग, उ�सादन, �ान, चनिा सेवन etc.
Indications of बृंहण अपतपधण ज�य रोग, वात�ाचध, �त, �ीण, कृश, वृि, दुबधल
पु�ष, िी-म� चन�यसेवी, �ी�मकाल etc.
Contraindications of बृंहण स�तपधण ज�य रोग, आमदोष, अचतच��ध, अचत�थूल
पु�ष, उ��त� , मेदोवृचि, कफवृचि etc.
Rabin Singh
31 Chikitsa
स�यक बृंहण ल�ण (i) शरीर & धातु पुच�
(ii) बलवृचि
(iii) कृशता दोष नाश
(iv) अपतपधणो�थ रोग �शमन
अचत बृंहण बृंहण (i) शरीर �थूलता
(ii) �थौ�य अ�दोष उ�पचि
(आयु�ास – जवोपरोध – कृ�र�वाय – दौबध�य
– दौग��य – अचत�वेद – अचत�ुधा – अचततृ�णा)
(iii) स�तपधणो�थ रोग उ�पचि (�मेह-कु�-�वर-उदर etc.)
अचतबृंहण चिकक�सा लंघन, ��ण, कफहर & मेदोहर ि� �योग etc.
3. ��ण
रौ�यं खर�वं व श� य�कुयाधद तचि��णम् ।
Drying therapy – brings dryness, roughness and non-sliminess.
��ण ि�
��ं लघु खरं ती�णमु�णं च�थरमचपच�छलम् ।
�ायश� करठनं ि व यद् ि�ं तचि ��णम् ॥ (ि.सू.22/14)
��ण ि� are �� (dry), लघु (light), खर (rough), ती�ण (sharp), उ�ण (hot),
च�थर (stable), अचपच�छल (non-slimy), and करठन (hard) in nature. For
example – कटु-चति-कषाय रस �धान ि� सेवन, िी असंयम, सषधप खली, चतलखली,
ति, मधु, च�कटु, च�फला etc.
Indications of ��ण अच �य�द ज�य रोग (�ोतोरोध), महादोष (दोष मा�ाचध�य),
ममध�थान गत रोग, उ��त� etc.
स�यक ��ण ल�ण स�यक लंघन ल�ण
अचत��ण ल�ण अचत लंघन ल�ण
अचत��ण चिकक�सा �ेहन चिकक�सा, घृत, त ल, वसा, म�ा, पंि�ासृचतकी पेया, चतल-
का�बचलक आकद �योग.
4. �ेहन
�ेहनं �ेह चव�य�द मादधवं �लेद कारकम् ।
Oleation therapy – brings unctuousness, sliminess, softness & moisture.
�ेहन ि�
िवं सू�मं सरं च��धं चपच�छलं गु� शीतलम् ।
�ायो म�दं मृदु ि यद् ि�ं तत् �ेहनं मतम् ॥ (ि.सू.22/15)
�ेहन ि� are िव (liquid), सू�म (minute), सर (mobile), च��ध (unctuous),
चपच�छल (slimy), गु� (heavy), शीतल (cold), म�द (sluggish), and मृदु (soft) in
nature. For example – महा�ेह (घृत-त ल-वसा-म�ा); चतल, एर�ड, सषधप, चन�ब,
करंज आकद �थावर �ेह; दचध, दु�ध, घृत, मांस, वसा, म�ा आकद जांगल �ेह.
�ेहन ेद
There are various classifications of �ेहन कमध
ितु�वधध �ेह (1) घृत – Ghee
(2) त ल – Oil
(3) वसा – Muscle fat
(4) म�ा – Bone marrow
Based on �ेह योचन (1) �थावर �ेह – Plan source
(2) जांगम �ेह – Animal source
Based on �ेह मा�ा (1) �सीयसी मा�ा – get digested in 1 याम (3 hrs)
(2) ��व मा�ा – get digested in 2 याम (6 hrs)
(2) म�यम मा�ा – get digested in 4 याम (12 hrs)
(3) उिम मा�ा –get digested in 8 याम (24 hrs)
Based on �ेह पाक (1) मृदु पाक – Consistency of paste
(2) म�यम पाक – Jelly consistency that can be
poured out easily with spoon
(3) खर पाक – Thicker consistency that can be
rolled between the fingers
31 Chikitsa
स�यक बृंहण ल�ण (i) शरीर & धातु पुच�
(ii) बलवृचि
(iii) कृशता दोष नाश
(iv) अपतपधणो�थ रोग �शमन
अचत बृंहण बृंहण (i) शरीर �थूलता
(ii) �थौ�य अ�दोष उ�पचि
(आयु�ास – जवोपरोध – कृ�र�वाय – दौबध�य
– दौग��य – अचत�वेद – अचत�ुधा – अचततृ�णा)
(iii) स�तपधणो�थ रोग उ�पचि (�मेह-कु�-�वर-उदर etc.)
अचतबृंहण चिकक�सा लंघन, ��ण, कफहर & मेदोहर ि� �योग etc.
3. ��ण
रौ�यं खर�वं व श� य�कुयाधद तचि��णम् ।
Drying therapy – brings dryness, roughness and non-sliminess.
��ण ि�
��ं लघु खरं ती�णमु�णं च�थरमचपच�छलम् ।
�ायश� करठनं ि व यद् ि�ं तचि ��णम् ॥ (ि.सू.22/14)
��ण ि� are �� (dry), लघु (light), खर (rough), ती�ण (sharp), उ�ण (hot),
च�थर (stable), अचपच�छल (non-slimy), and करठन (hard) in nature. For
example – कटु-चति-कषाय रस �धान ि� सेवन, िी असंयम, सषधप खली, चतलखली,
ति, मधु, च�कटु, च�फला etc.
Indications of ��ण अच �य�द ज�य रोग (�ोतोरोध), महादोष (दोष मा�ाचध�य),
ममध�थान गत रोग, उ��त� etc.
स�यक ��ण ल�ण स�यक लंघन ल�ण
अचत��ण ल�ण अचत लंघन ल�ण
अचत��ण चिकक�सा �ेहन चिकक�सा, घृत, त ल, वसा, म�ा, पंि�ासृचतकी पेया, चतल-
का�बचलक आकद �योग.
4. �ेहन
�ेहनं �ेह चव�य�द मादधवं �लेद कारकम् ।
Oleation therapy – brings unctuousness, sliminess, softness & moisture.
�ेहन ि�
िवं सू�मं सरं च��धं चपच�छलं गु� शीतलम् ।
�ायो म�दं मृदु ि यद् ि�ं तत् �ेहनं मतम् ॥ (ि.सू.22/15)
�ेहन ि� are िव (liquid), सू�म (minute), सर (mobile), च��ध (unctuous),
चपच�छल (slimy), गु� (heavy), शीतल (cold), म�द (sluggish), and मृदु (soft) in
nature. For example – महा�ेह (घृत-त ल-वसा-म�ा); चतल, एर�ड, सषधप, चन�ब,
करंज आकद �थावर �ेह; दचध, दु�ध, घृत, मांस, वसा, म�ा आकद जांगल �ेह.
�ेहन ेद
There are various classifications of �ेहन कमध
ितु�वधध �ेह (1) घृत – Ghee
(2) त ल – Oil
(3) वसा – Muscle fat
(4) म�ा – Bone marrow
Based on �ेह योचन (1) �थावर �ेह – Plan source
(2) जांगम �ेह – Animal source
Based on �ेह मा�ा (1) �सीयसी मा�ा – get digested in 1 याम (3 hrs)
(2) ��व मा�ा – get digested in 2 याम (6 hrs)
(2) म�यम मा�ा – get digested in 4 याम (12 hrs)
(3) उिम मा�ा –get digested in 8 याम (24 hrs)
Based on �ेह पाक (1) मृदु पाक – Consistency of paste
(2) म�यम पाक – Jelly consistency that can be
poured out easily with spoon
(3) खर पाक – Thicker consistency that can be
rolled between the fingers
Rabin Singh
32 Chikitsa
Based on �ेहन �योग(1) बा� �ेहन – External application of Sneha
(2) आ�य�तर �ेहन – Internal administration of Sneha
बा� �ेह is of various types such as – अ�यंग, उितधन, लेप, मदधन, उ�मदधन,
पादघात, पररषेक, ग�डूष, मूधध त ल (चशरो बच�त-चपिू-सेक-अ�यंग), कणध तपधण, नासा
तपधण, अच� तपधण, अवगाह etc.
आ�य�तर �ेह (�ेहपान) is of mainly three types
1. शोधनांग �ेहपान
-Used as पूवधकमध of शोधन चिकक�सा that eliminate the aggravated dosha
-Administered in the morning before the time of breakfast
2. शमनांग �ेहपान
-Used for pacification (शमन) of the aggravated dosha
-Administered in the morning at the time of breakfast
3. बृंहणांग �ेहपान
-Used for nourishment of the body (बृंहण)
-Can be administered before food, with food, or after food. Generally
it is administered by mixing with food.
Other types based on �ेह-योग
(I) (1) अ�पेय –Sneha without mixing (केवल �ेह)
(2) �चविारण –Sneha along with various preparations
�चविारण �ेह is internal administration of sneha mixed with other food
articles, and also external application of any sneha with or without
mixing. It is of 24 types ओदन, चवलेपी, रस, मांस, पय, दचध, यवागु, सूप, शाक,
यूष, का�बचलक, खड, सिु, चतलचप�, म�, ले�, �य, अ�यंजन, बच�त, उिरबच�त,
ग�डूष, कणधत ल, न�य, and अच�तपधण.
(II) (1) यमक �ेह – Combination of any two of ितु�वधध �ेह
(2) च�वृत �ेह – Combination of any three of ितु�वधध �ेह
(3) महा�ेह – Combination of all the four ितु�वधध �ेह
Indications of �ेहन �वे�ा� शोधचयत�ाि ��ा वातचवकाररण� ।
�ायामम�िीचन�या� �ेहा� �युयै ि चि�तका ॥ (ि.सू.13/52)
The person who is about to undergo sudation therapy (�वेदन) or
purificatory therapies (शोधन), dry (��), suffering from वात�ाचध, and tired
from regular exercise (�ायाम), alcohol consumption (म�सेवन), sexual
intercourse (िीसेवन), or excessive worry (चि�ता).
�ेहन कमध is administered as पूवधकमध for the शोधन चिकक�सा (पंिकमध), as
�धानकमध for the शमन चिकक�सा (best for वात�ाचध), and also for बृंहण चिकक�सा.
Contraindications of �ेहन आमदोष, नव�वर, अ�चि, म�दाचन, अचत�थूल, तृ�णा,
मू�छाध, छ�दध, �म, �लम, �लाचन, दुबधल, ग� धणी, बच�तकमध पिात, न�यकमध पिात etc.
स�यक च��ध ल�ण वातानुलो�यं दी�ोsचनवधिध� च��धमसंहतम् ।
मादधवं च��धता िांगे च��धानामुपजायते ॥ (ि.सू.13/58)
वातानुलोमन – proper movement of vata (or flatus)
अचनदीपन – improvement of digestion
च��ध & असंहत विध – unctuous & loose stool
मादधवता – softness of the body
च��धता – unctuousness of the body
अचतच��ध ल�ण पा�डुता गौरवं जा� पुरीष�याचवप�ता ।
त�िा�चि���लेश� �याद् अचतच��धल�णम् ॥ (ि.सू.13/59)
पा�डुता – pallority in the body
गौरवता – heaviness in the body
जा�ता – dullness in the body
पुरीष�य अचवप�ता – unformed stool
त�िा – drowsiness
अ�चि – anorexia
उ��लेश – nausea
अचतच��ध चिकक�सा लंघन & ��ण चिकक�सा.
32 Chikitsa
Based on �ेहन �योग(1) बा� �ेहन – External application of Sneha
(2) आ�य�तर �ेहन – Internal administration of Sneha
बा� �ेह is of various types such as – अ�यंग, उितधन, लेप, मदधन, उ�मदधन,
पादघात, पररषेक, ग�डूष, मूधध त ल (चशरो बच�त-चपिू-सेक-अ�यंग), कणध तपधण, नासा
तपधण, अच� तपधण, अवगाह etc.
आ�य�तर �ेह (�ेहपान) is of mainly three types
1. शोधनांग �ेहपान
-Used as पूवधकमध of शोधन चिकक�सा that eliminate the aggravated dosha
-Administered in the morning before the time of breakfast
2. शमनांग �ेहपान
-Used for pacification (शमन) of the aggravated dosha
-Administered in the morning at the time of breakfast
3. बृंहणांग �ेहपान
-Used for nourishment of the body (बृंहण)
-Can be administered before food, with food, or after food. Generally
it is administered by mixing with food.
Other types based on �ेह-योग
(I) (1) अ�पेय –Sneha without mixing (केवल �ेह)
(2) �चविारण –Sneha along with various preparations
�चविारण �ेह is internal administration of sneha mixed with other food
articles, and also external application of any sneha with or without
mixing. It is of 24 types ओदन, चवलेपी, रस, मांस, पय, दचध, यवागु, सूप, शाक,
यूष, का�बचलक, खड, सिु, चतलचप�, म�, ले�, �य, अ�यंजन, बच�त, उिरबच�त,
ग�डूष, कणधत ल, न�य, and अच�तपधण.
(II) (1) यमक �ेह – Combination of any two of ितु�वधध �ेह
(2) च�वृत �ेह – Combination of any three of ितु�वधध �ेह
(3) महा�ेह – Combination of all the four ितु�वधध �ेह
Indications of �ेहन �वे�ा� शोधचयत�ाि ��ा वातचवकाररण� ।
�ायामम�िीचन�या� �ेहा� �युयै ि चि�तका ॥ (ि.सू.13/52)
The person who is about to undergo sudation therapy (�वेदन) or
purificatory therapies (शोधन), dry (��), suffering from वात�ाचध, and tired
from regular exercise (�ायाम), alcohol consumption (म�सेवन), sexual
intercourse (िीसेवन), or excessive worry (चि�ता).
�ेहन कमध is administered as पूवधकमध for the शोधन चिकक�सा (पंिकमध), as
�धानकमध for the शमन चिकक�सा (best for वात�ाचध), and also for बृंहण चिकक�सा.
Contraindications of �ेहन आमदोष, नव�वर, अ�चि, म�दाचन, अचत�थूल, तृ�णा,
मू�छाध, छ�दध, �म, �लम, �लाचन, दुबधल, ग� धणी, बच�तकमध पिात, न�यकमध पिात etc.
स�यक च��ध ल�ण वातानुलो�यं दी�ोsचनवधिध� च��धमसंहतम् ।
मादधवं च��धता िांगे च��धानामुपजायते ॥ (ि.सू.13/58)
वातानुलोमन – proper movement of vata (or flatus)
अचनदीपन – improvement of digestion
च��ध & असंहत विध – unctuous & loose stool
मादधवता – softness of the body
च��धता – unctuousness of the body
अचतच��ध ल�ण पा�डुता गौरवं जा� पुरीष�याचवप�ता ।
त�िा�चि���लेश� �याद् अचतच��धल�णम् ॥ (ि.सू.13/59)
पा�डुता – pallority in the body
गौरवता – heaviness in the body
जा�ता – dullness in the body
पुरीष�य अचवप�ता – unformed stool
त�िा – drowsiness
अ�चि – anorexia
उ��लेश – nausea
अचतच��ध चिकक�सा लंघन & ��ण चिकक�सा.
Rabin Singh
33 Chikitsa
5. �वेदन
�त� गौरव शीत�ं �वेदनं �वेद कारकम् ।
Sudation – removes stiffness heaviness coldness, and induces sweating.
�वेदन ि�
उ�णं ती�णं सरं च��धं ��ं सू�मं िवं च�थरम् ।
ि�ं गु� ि यत् �ाय�तचि �वेदमु�यते ॥ (ि.सू.22/16)
�वेदन ि� are उ�ण (hot), ती�ण (sharp), सर (mobile), च��ध (unctuous) or ��
(dry), सू�म (minute), िव (liquid), च�थर (stable), and गु� (heavy) in nature.
For example – शो ांजन, एर�ड, अकध, पुननधवा, यव, चतल, कुलवथ, माष, बदर etc.
�वेदन ेद
There are various classifications of �वेदन कमध
According to िरक (1) एकांग �वेद – Svedana to one part of the body
(2) सवा�ग �वेद – Svedana all over the body
(1) च��ध �वेद – e.g. षच�कशाचल चप�ड �वेद etc.
(2) �� �वेद – e.g. वालुका �वेद etc.
(1) अचन (साचन) �वेद – Direct contact with अचन (fire)
(2) चनरचन (अनचन) �वेद – No direct contact with अचन
साचन �वेद (13 types) संकर ��तरो नाडी पररषेकोsवगाहनम् ।
जे�ताकोs�मघन� कषूध� कुटी ू� कुच� क व ि ॥
कूपो होलाक इ�येते �वेदयच�त �योदश । (ि.सू.14/39)
1. संकर �वेद – Pinda Sveda (bolus) with or without Pottali
2. ��तर �वेद – Svedana with Stone Slab
3. नाडी �वेद – Svedana with vapours through a pipe (Nadi)
4. पररषेक �वेद – Pouring of warm oil or liquid over the body or part
5. अवगाह �वेद – Hot Tub Bath
6. जे�ताक �वेद – Sudatorium (a special room for sveda)
7. अ�मघन �वेद – Preheated slab of stone
8. कषूध �वेद– Trench (pit) containing a large space inside & small opening
9. कुटी �वेद – Svedana in the Round shaped Hut
10. ू �वेद – Svedana on the ground
11. कुच� क �वेद – Svedana with the help of Kumbhi (pitcher)
12. कूप �वेद – Svedana with the help of Kupa (a well-like pit)
13. होलाक �वेद – A bed is prepared over the burnt, smokeless & hot dung
चनरचन �वेद (10 types) �ायाम उ�णसदनं गु��ावरणं �ुधा ।
ब�पानं य िोध उपनाहाहवातपा� ॥ (ि.सू.14/64)
1. �ायाम – Exercise
2. उ�णसदन – Warm room
3. गु��ावरण – Covering with thick Blankets
4. �ुधा – Hunger
5. ब�पान – Excessive alcohol
6. य – Fear
7. िोध – Anger
8. उपनाह – Poultice
9. आहव – Wrestling
10. आतप – Sun bath
According to सु�ुत ितु�वधध� �वेद�, त�था – ताप�वेद�, उ�म�वेद�,
उपनाह�वेदो, िव�वेद इचत । (सु.चि.32/3)
(1) ताप �वेद – By patting the body with heated
cloth, metal plate, palm of the hand, sand etc.
(2) उ�म �वेद – Steam of boiling liquids or the heat
of the hot leaves, stone, cow-dung etc.
(3) उपनाह �वेद – By poultice or bolus (Pottali)
(4) िव �वेद – Pouring hot liquids
33 Chikitsa
5. �वेदन
�त� गौरव शीत�ं �वेदनं �वेद कारकम् ।
Sudation – removes stiffness heaviness coldness, and induces sweating.
�वेदन ि�
उ�णं ती�णं सरं च��धं ��ं सू�मं िवं च�थरम् ।
ि�ं गु� ि यत् �ाय�तचि �वेदमु�यते ॥ (ि.सू.22/16)
�वेदन ि� are उ�ण (hot), ती�ण (sharp), सर (mobile), च��ध (unctuous) or ��
(dry), सू�म (minute), िव (liquid), च�थर (stable), and गु� (heavy) in nature.
For example – शो ांजन, एर�ड, अकध, पुननधवा, यव, चतल, कुलवथ, माष, बदर etc.
�वेदन ेद
There are various classifications of �वेदन कमध
According to िरक (1) एकांग �वेद – Svedana to one part of the body
(2) सवा�ग �वेद – Svedana all over the body
(1) च��ध �वेद – e.g. षच�कशाचल चप�ड �वेद etc.
(2) �� �वेद – e.g. वालुका �वेद etc.
(1) अचन (साचन) �वेद – Direct contact with अचन (fire)
(2) चनरचन (अनचन) �वेद – No direct contact with अचन
साचन �वेद (13 types) संकर ��तरो नाडी पररषेकोsवगाहनम् ।
जे�ताकोs�मघन� कषूध� कुटी ू� कुच� क व ि ॥
कूपो होलाक इ�येते �वेदयच�त �योदश । (ि.सू.14/39)
1. संकर �वेद – Pinda Sveda (bolus) with or without Pottali
2. ��तर �वेद – Svedana with Stone Slab
3. नाडी �वेद – Svedana with vapours through a pipe (Nadi)
4. पररषेक �वेद – Pouring of warm oil or liquid over the body or part
5. अवगाह �वेद – Hot Tub Bath
6. जे�ताक �वेद – Sudatorium (a special room for sveda)
7. अ�मघन �वेद – Preheated slab of stone
8. कषूध �वेद– Trench (pit) containing a large space inside & small opening
9. कुटी �वेद – Svedana in the Round shaped Hut
10. ू �वेद – Svedana on the ground
11. कुच� क �वेद – Svedana with the help of Kumbhi (pitcher)
12. कूप �वेद – Svedana with the help of Kupa (a well-like pit)
13. होलाक �वेद – A bed is prepared over the burnt, smokeless & hot dung
चनरचन �वेद (10 types) �ायाम उ�णसदनं गु��ावरणं �ुधा ।
ब�पानं य िोध उपनाहाहवातपा� ॥ (ि.सू.14/64)
1. �ायाम – Exercise
2. उ�णसदन – Warm room
3. गु��ावरण – Covering with thick Blankets
4. �ुधा – Hunger
5. ब�पान – Excessive alcohol
6. य – Fear
7. िोध – Anger
8. उपनाह – Poultice
9. आहव – Wrestling
10. आतप – Sun bath
According to सु�ुत ितु�वधध� �वेद�, त�था – ताप�वेद�, उ�म�वेद�,
उपनाह�वेदो, िव�वेद इचत । (सु.चि.32/3)
(1) ताप �वेद – By patting the body with heated
cloth, metal plate, palm of the hand, sand etc.
(2) उ�म �वेद – Steam of boiling liquids or the heat
of the hot leaves, stone, cow-dung etc.
(3) उपनाह �वेद – By poultice or bolus (Pottali)
(4) िव �वेद – Pouring hot liquids
Rabin Singh
34 Chikitsa
Indications of �वेदन �चत�याये ि कासे ि चह�ा �ासेषु लाघवे ।
कणध म�या चशर�शूले �वर ेदे गल�हे ॥
अ�दधत र् एकांग सवा�ग प�ाघाते चवनाचमके ।
को�ानाह चवब�धेषु मू�ाघाते चवजृ� के ॥
पा�ध पृ� करट कुच�सं�हे गृ�सीषु ि ।
मू�कृ�रे महा�वे ि मु�कयोर् अंगमदधके ॥
पाद जानू उ� जंघा�तध सं�हे �यथावचप ।
ख�लीषु आमेषु शीते ि वेपथौ वातक�टके ॥
संकोि आयाम शूलेषु �त� गौरव सुच�षु ।
सवा�गेषु चवकारेषु �वेदनं चहतमु�यते ॥ (ि.सू.14/20-24)
�चत�याय – कास – चहका – �ास – कणध म�या चशर�शूल – �वर ेद – गल�ह – अ�दधत
एकांगवात – सवा�गवात – प�ाघात – चवनाचमका – को� आनाह – चवब�ध – मू�ाघात –
पा�ध पृ� करट कुच��ह – मू�कृ�र – पाद उ� जानु जंघा �ह – शोथ – आमदोष – वेपथु
(क�पवात) – वातक�टक – संकोि आयाम शूल – �त� गौरव सु�ता – अबुधद रोग – �ंचथ
रोग – शुिाघात – आ�वात (उ��त� ) etc.
Contraindications of �वेदन कषाय & म� चन�य सेवी – ग� धणी – रिचपि –
चपिज रोग & चपिज �कृचत – अचतसार – मधुमेह – गुद�ंश – गुदपाक – न�सं�ा –
अचत�थूल – �ुधा – तृ�णा – पा�डु – कामला – उदर – उर��त – �य (राजय�मा) –
अजीणध – चवष – वातरि – चतचमर – िोध – शोक etc.
स�यक च�व� ल�ण शीतशूल �ुपरमे �त� गौरव चन�हे ।
संजाते मादधवे �वेदे �वेदनातचिरचतमधता ॥ (ि.सू.14/13)
शीत उपरम – Reduction of cold
शूल उपरम – Reduction of pain
�तं चन�ह – Relief from stiffness
गौरव चन�ह – Relief from heaviness
मादधवता – Softness of the body
�वेद �वृचि – Perspiration (sweating)
अचतच�व� ल�ण चपि�कोपो मू�छाध ि शरीरसदनं तृषा ।
दाह� �वरांगदौबध�यमचतच�व��यल�णम् ॥ (ि.सू.14/13)
चपि �कोप – Aggravation of pitta dosha
मू�छाध – Unconsciousness
शरीर सदन – Lassitude
तृ�णा – Excess thirst (polydipsia)
दाह – Burning sensation
�वर दौबध�य – Weakness of voice
अंग दौबध�य – Weakness of the body parts
अचतच�व� चिकक�सा मधुर-च��ध-शीत आहार चवहार, �ी�म ऋतुियाध पालन, and
�त� न चिकक�सा should be used to treat excess sudation.
6. �त� न
�त� नं �त� यचत यद् गचतम�तं िलं �ुवम् ।
Astringent therapy – that which stops the flow of doshas.
�त� न ि�
शीतं म�दं मृदु ��णं ��ं सू�मं िवं च�थरम् ।
यद् ि�ं लघु िोकि�ं �ाय�तत् �त� नं �मृतम् ॥ (ि.सू.22/17)
�त� न ि� are शीत (cold), म�द (slow / sluggish), मृदु (soft), ��ण (smooth),
�� (dry), सू�म (minute), िव (liquid), च�थर (stable) and लघु (light) in nature.
For example – अचहफेन, ंगा, मोिरस, कुटज, लो�, जातीफल, ला�ा, वासा, खकदर,
दूवाध, अशोक, उशीर, रिि�दन, प�क, �वाल, ग ररक etc.
Indications of �त� न चपि �कृचत, �ार-अचन द�ध, वमन (छ�दध) or अचतसार
पीचडत, चवष, �वेद-अचतयोग, अचत�वृचि-�ोतोदुच� etc.
स�यक �त� न ल�ण रोग शाच�त & बल �ाच�
अचत�त� न ल�ण �यावता – �त�धगा�ता – उिेग – हनु�ह – �द�ह – विध�ह etc.
अचत�त� न चिकक�सा �ेहन & �वेदन, उ�ण-च��ध-सर गुणयुि ि� �योग
34 Chikitsa
Indications of �वेदन �चत�याये ि कासे ि चह�ा �ासेषु लाघवे ।
कणध म�या चशर�शूले �वर ेदे गल�हे ॥
अ�दधत र् एकांग सवा�ग प�ाघाते चवनाचमके ।
को�ानाह चवब�धेषु मू�ाघाते चवजृ� के ॥
पा�ध पृ� करट कुच�सं�हे गृ�सीषु ि ।
मू�कृ�रे महा�वे ि मु�कयोर् अंगमदधके ॥
पाद जानू उ� जंघा�तध सं�हे �यथावचप ।
ख�लीषु आमेषु शीते ि वेपथौ वातक�टके ॥
संकोि आयाम शूलेषु �त� गौरव सुच�षु ।
सवा�गेषु चवकारेषु �वेदनं चहतमु�यते ॥ (ि.सू.14/20-24)
�चत�याय – कास – चहका – �ास – कणध म�या चशर�शूल – �वर ेद – गल�ह – अ�दधत
एकांगवात – सवा�गवात – प�ाघात – चवनाचमका – को� आनाह – चवब�ध – मू�ाघात –
पा�ध पृ� करट कुच��ह – मू�कृ�र – पाद उ� जानु जंघा �ह – शोथ – आमदोष – वेपथु
(क�पवात) – वातक�टक – संकोि आयाम शूल – �त� गौरव सु�ता – अबुधद रोग – �ंचथ
रोग – शुिाघात – आ�वात (उ��त� ) etc.
Contraindications of �वेदन कषाय & म� चन�य सेवी – ग� धणी – रिचपि –
चपिज रोग & चपिज �कृचत – अचतसार – मधुमेह – गुद�ंश – गुदपाक – न�सं�ा –
अचत�थूल – �ुधा – तृ�णा – पा�डु – कामला – उदर – उर��त – �य (राजय�मा) –
अजीणध – चवष – वातरि – चतचमर – िोध – शोक etc.
स�यक च�व� ल�ण शीतशूल �ुपरमे �त� गौरव चन�हे ।
संजाते मादधवे �वेदे �वेदनातचिरचतमधता ॥ (ि.सू.14/13)
शीत उपरम – Reduction of cold
शूल उपरम – Reduction of pain
�तं चन�ह – Relief from stiffness
गौरव चन�ह – Relief from heaviness
मादधवता – Softness of the body
�वेद �वृचि – Perspiration (sweating)
अचतच�व� ल�ण चपि�कोपो मू�छाध ि शरीरसदनं तृषा ।
दाह� �वरांगदौबध�यमचतच�व��यल�णम् ॥ (ि.सू.14/13)
चपि �कोप – Aggravation of pitta dosha
मू�छाध – Unconsciousness
शरीर सदन – Lassitude
तृ�णा – Excess thirst (polydipsia)
दाह – Burning sensation
�वर दौबध�य – Weakness of voice
अंग दौबध�य – Weakness of the body parts
अचतच�व� चिकक�सा मधुर-च��ध-शीत आहार चवहार, �ी�म ऋतुियाध पालन, and
�त� न चिकक�सा should be used to treat excess sudation.
6. �त� न
�त� नं �त� यचत यद् गचतम�तं िलं �ुवम् ।
Astringent therapy – that which stops the flow of doshas.
�त� न ि�
शीतं म�दं मृदु ��णं ��ं सू�मं िवं च�थरम् ।
यद् ि�ं लघु िोकि�ं �ाय�तत् �त� नं �मृतम् ॥ (ि.सू.22/17)
�त� न ि� are शीत (cold), म�द (slow / sluggish), मृदु (soft), ��ण (smooth),
�� (dry), सू�म (minute), िव (liquid), च�थर (stable) and लघु (light) in nature.
For example – अचहफेन, ंगा, मोिरस, कुटज, लो�, जातीफल, ला�ा, वासा, खकदर,
दूवाध, अशोक, उशीर, रिि�दन, प�क, �वाल, ग ररक etc.
Indications of �त� न चपि �कृचत, �ार-अचन द�ध, वमन (छ�दध) or अचतसार
पीचडत, चवष, �वेद-अचतयोग, अचत�वृचि-�ोतोदुच� etc.
स�यक �त� न ल�ण रोग शाच�त & बल �ाच�
अचत�त� न ल�ण �यावता – �त�धगा�ता – उिेग – हनु�ह – �द�ह – विध�ह etc.
अचत�त� न चिकक�सा �ेहन & �वेदन, उ�ण-च��ध-सर गुणयुि ि� �योग
Rabin Singh
35 Chikitsa
शोधन & शमन
शोधन चिकक�सा
यद् इयेद् बचहदोषान् पंिधा शोधनं ि तत् ।
चन�हो वमनं कायचशरोरेको अ�चव�ुचत�॥ (अ.�.सू.14/5)
शोधन कमध are the purificatory procedures those eliminate the aggravated
doshas from the body. These are five in numbers; hence they are called
as पंिकमध. According to Acharya Sushruta and Vagbhata, Shodhana
karmas are as follows
वमन – चवरेिन –– चन�ह बच�त – चशरोचवरेिन – रिमो�ण
Indications of शोधन
ब�दोष अव�था – अचवपाक – अ�चि – �थौ�य – पा�डुता – गौरव – �लम – चपडका –
कोठ – क�डु – �त� – अरचत – आल�य – �म – दौबध�य – अवसाद – कफो��लेश –
चपिो��लेश – चनिानाश – अचतचनिा – त�िा – �ल �य – बलनाश – वणधनाश etc.
Contraindication of शोधन (अचिकक��य पु�ष)
अनपवाद �तीकार – अधन – अपररिारक – व �माचनन – ि�ड – असूयक – ती� धमध
अ�चि – अचत�ीण बल मांस शोचणत – असा�य रोगोपहत – मुमुषुध हलंगाच�वत
Importance of शोधन
ऋतु अनुसार शोधन (रोगानु�पचिकर चिकक�सा) – e.g. वमन in वसंत ऋतु, चवरेिन
& रिमो�ण in शरद ऋतु, बच�त in वषाध ऋतु – To prevent the diseases.
रसायन-वाजीकरण पूवध शोधन – Acharyas has mentioned that “As dirty
clothes (मचलन वि) cannot be coloured properly, patients without
शोधन (अचवशुि शरीर) cannot get proper result of रसायन & वाजीकरण”.
दोषा� कदाचित् कु�यंचत चजता लंघनपािन � ।
चजता� संशोधन यधषु न तेषां पुन�िव ॥ (ि.सू.16/20)
The diseases, treated with शमन चिकक�सा like लंघन-पािन, may recur but
the diseases treated with शोधन चिकक�सा do not recur.
1. वमन कमध – Emesis
त� दोषहरणं उ�वध ागं वमन सं�कम् ।
Therapeutic procedure of eliminating the aggravated dosha upwards
(i.e. through mouth) is called वमन कमध.
It is considered as best purificatory treatment for कफ दोष & आमाशय.
2. चवरेिन कमध – Purgation
त� दोषहरणं अधो ागं चवरेिन सं�कम् ।
Therapeutic procedure of eliminating the aggravated dosha
downwards (i.e. through anus) is called चवरेिन कमध.
It is considered as best purificatory treatment for चपि दोष.
3. चन�ह बच�त – Decoction enema
“वसु चनवासे” “बस् आ�छादने” The word बच�त denotes the meaning of
residing or covering the site of application. The बच�त ि� reside and
cover the प�ाशय and then eliminate the aggravated dosha.
“बच�तना दीयते इचत बच�त” This procedure is called बच�त because of the
use of animal bladder as बच�तपुटक.
It is considered as best purificatory treatment for वात दोष & प�ाशय.
4. चशरोचवरेिन (न�य कमध) – Errhines
औषधं औषधचसिं �ेहो वा नाचसका�यां दीयते इचत न�यम् ।
Administration of medicines or medicated oils through nostrils is
called न�य. It is of three types based on action – रेिन, शमन & बृंहण.
चशरोचवरेिन refers to elimination of aggravated dosha through nostrils
(i.e. Errhine). It is considered as best purificatory treatment for
उ�वधज�ुगत रोग (चशरोरोग-नासा-कणध-म�या etc.)
5. रिमो�ण – Blood letting (Venesection, leech therapy etc.)
रि�य मो�णं रिमो�णम् ।
Letting out the vitiated blood is called रिमो�ण. It is considered as
best purificatory treatment for रिज �ाचध and �वक गत चवकार, and also
used in चपि �कोप.
35 Chikitsa
शोधन & शमन
शोधन चिकक�सा
यद् इयेद् बचहदोषान् पंिधा शोधनं ि तत् ।
चन�हो वमनं कायचशरोरेको अ�चव�ुचत�॥ (अ.�.सू.14/5)
शोधन कमध are the purificatory procedures those eliminate the aggravated
doshas from the body. These are five in numbers; hence they are called
as पंिकमध. According to Acharya Sushruta and Vagbhata, Shodhana
karmas are as follows
वमन – चवरेिन –– चन�ह बच�त – चशरोचवरेिन – रिमो�ण
Indications of शोधन
ब�दोष अव�था – अचवपाक – अ�चि – �थौ�य – पा�डुता – गौरव – �लम – चपडका –
कोठ – क�डु – �त� – अरचत – आल�य – �म – दौबध�य – अवसाद – कफो��लेश –
चपिो��लेश – चनिानाश – अचतचनिा – त�िा – �ल �य – बलनाश – वणधनाश etc.
Contraindication of शोधन (अचिकक��य पु�ष)
अनपवाद �तीकार – अधन – अपररिारक – व �माचनन – ि�ड – असूयक – ती� धमध
अ�चि – अचत�ीण बल मांस शोचणत – असा�य रोगोपहत – मुमुषुध हलंगाच�वत
Importance of शोधन
ऋतु अनुसार शोधन (रोगानु�पचिकर चिकक�सा) – e.g. वमन in वसंत ऋतु, चवरेिन
& रिमो�ण in शरद ऋतु, बच�त in वषाध ऋतु – To prevent the diseases.
रसायन-वाजीकरण पूवध शोधन – Acharyas has mentioned that “As dirty
clothes (मचलन वि) cannot be coloured properly, patients without
शोधन (अचवशुि शरीर) cannot get proper result of रसायन & वाजीकरण”.
दोषा� कदाचित् कु�यंचत चजता लंघनपािन � ।
चजता� संशोधन यधषु न तेषां पुन�िव ॥ (ि.सू.16/20)
The diseases, treated with शमन चिकक�सा like लंघन-पािन, may recur but
the diseases treated with शोधन चिकक�सा do not recur.
1. वमन कमध – Emesis
त� दोषहरणं उ�वध ागं वमन सं�कम् ।
Therapeutic procedure of eliminating the aggravated dosha upwards
(i.e. through mouth) is called वमन कमध.
It is considered as best purificatory treatment for कफ दोष & आमाशय.
2. चवरेिन कमध – Purgation
त� दोषहरणं अधो ागं चवरेिन सं�कम् ।
Therapeutic procedure of eliminating the aggravated dosha
downwards (i.e. through anus) is called चवरेिन कमध.
It is considered as best purificatory treatment for चपि दोष.
3. चन�ह बच�त – Decoction enema
“वसु चनवासे” “बस् आ�छादने” The word बच�त denotes the meaning of
residing or covering the site of application. The बच�त ि� reside and
cover the प�ाशय and then eliminate the aggravated dosha.
“बच�तना दीयते इचत बच�त” This procedure is called बच�त because of the
use of animal bladder as बच�तपुटक.
It is considered as best purificatory treatment for वात दोष & प�ाशय.
4. चशरोचवरेिन (न�य कमध) – Errhines
औषधं औषधचसिं �ेहो वा नाचसका�यां दीयते इचत न�यम् ।
Administration of medicines or medicated oils through nostrils is
called न�य. It is of three types based on action – रेिन, शमन & बृंहण.
चशरोचवरेिन refers to elimination of aggravated dosha through nostrils
(i.e. Errhine). It is considered as best purificatory treatment for
उ�वधज�ुगत रोग (चशरोरोग-नासा-कणध-म�या etc.)
5. रिमो�ण – Blood letting (Venesection, leech therapy etc.)
रि�य मो�णं रिमो�णम् ।
Letting out the vitiated blood is called रिमो�ण. It is considered as
best purificatory treatment for रिज �ाचध and �वक गत चवकार, and also
used in चपि �कोप.
Rabin Singh
36 Chikitsa
शमन चिकक�सा
न शोधयचत यद् दोषान् समा�ोदीरय�यचप ।
समीकरोचत िुिाि तत् संशमनमु�यते ॥ (सु.सू.1, ड�हण)
Treatment measures those neither eliminate the doshas, nor aggravate
the doshas, but they pacify the aggravated dosha and bring equilibrium
in the body, are called Shamana chikitsa.
There are 7 types of शमन चिकक�सा including 2 ि� ूत & 5 अि� ूत चिकक�सा.
1. पािन (आमदोष पािन) – Using digestants e.g. चि�क, मु�ता
2. दीपन (अचन दीपन) – Using appetizers e.g. च�कटु (शु�ठी, मररि, चप�पली)
3. �ुधा (उपवास) – Fasting / or intake of less food
4. तृ�णा – Intake of less or no water
5. आतप सेवन – Exposure to sun rays
6. मा�त सेवन – Exposure to fresh air
7. �ायाम – Exercise
Indications of शमन
म�यम & अ�प दोष अव�था – वृि – बाल – ग� धणी – दुबधल – म�दाचन – अजीणध – छ�दध –
अचतसार – चवसूचिका – अलसक – �िोग –गौरव – उ�ार – ��लास – चवब�ध etc.
Contraindication of शमन अचिकक��य पु�ष
Considerations for संशोधन & संशमन चिकक�सा
शोधन should always be used after अचनदीपन-आमपािन, after bringing
कुचपत दोष towards को� from शाखा, and after making दोषो��लेष; those
can be achieved by दीपन-पािन, �ेहन-�वेदन & शोधन पूवध ोजन �व�था.
If शोधन कमध is performed without अचनदीपन & आमपािन, the शोधन ि�
(drugs) are not digested properly and may lead to adverse effects.
If शोधन कमध is performed without को�गमन of कुचपत दोष, the complete
elimination of aggravated dosha can not be achieved that can result
in relapse or recurrence of disease.
If शोधन कमध is performed without दोषो��लेष, the patient has to suffer
just as extraction of juice from an unripe fruit results in destruction of
that fruit.
In case of ब�दोषाव�था & बलवान रोगी, the संशोधन चिकक�सा should be
used and then संशमन चिकक�सा. And in case of अ�पदोष & दुबधल रोगी, the
संशमन चिकक�सा should only be used.
चनदान पररवजधन
सं�ेपत� कियायोगो चनदानपररवजधनम् । (सु.उ.1/25)
Avoiding the etiological factors is itself a treatment. चनदान पररवजधन is
having utmost importance in Ayurvedic treatments.
चनदान पररवजधन refers to avoiding etiological factors by patient and also
treating the etiological factors by physician, e.g., In case वात�ाचध,
the etiological factors of वात दोष are to be avoided by patient, and the
physician has to treat वात �कोप.
Various diseases can be cured with चनदान पररवजधन only, while all the
Ayurvedic treatments are incomplete without चनदान पररवजधन.
If a patient continues चनदान सेवन, physician cannot treat him
successfully. Or if the disease subsides due to शोधन & शमन but
patient continues चनदान सेवन, it leads to relapse or recurrence of
disease that can advance to chronic or complicated stage.
To avoid relapse or recurrence of any disease, patient has to avoid
the etiological factors even after successful treatment.
चनदान पररवजधन not only helps in treatment but it also helps in
prevention of the diseases. For example, in ऋतुियाध पालन the
etiological factors of the respective accumulating doshas should be
avoided to prevent their aggravation such as during वसंत ऋतु one
should avoid कफवधधक आहार-चवहार.
36 Chikitsa
शमन चिकक�सा
न शोधयचत यद् दोषान् समा�ोदीरय�यचप ।
समीकरोचत िुिाि तत् संशमनमु�यते ॥ (सु.सू.1, ड�हण)
Treatment measures those neither eliminate the doshas, nor aggravate
the doshas, but they pacify the aggravated dosha and bring equilibrium
in the body, are called Shamana chikitsa.
There are 7 types of शमन चिकक�सा including 2 ि� ूत & 5 अि� ूत चिकक�सा.
1. पािन (आमदोष पािन) – Using digestants e.g. चि�क, मु�ता
2. दीपन (अचन दीपन) – Using appetizers e.g. च�कटु (शु�ठी, मररि, चप�पली)
3. �ुधा (उपवास) – Fasting / or intake of less food
4. तृ�णा – Intake of less or no water
5. आतप सेवन – Exposure to sun rays
6. मा�त सेवन – Exposure to fresh air
7. �ायाम – Exercise
Indications of शमन
म�यम & अ�प दोष अव�था – वृि – बाल – ग� धणी – दुबधल – म�दाचन – अजीणध – छ�दध –
अचतसार – चवसूचिका – अलसक – �िोग –गौरव – उ�ार – ��लास – चवब�ध etc.
Contraindication of शमन अचिकक��य पु�ष
Considerations for संशोधन & संशमन चिकक�सा
शोधन should always be used after अचनदीपन-आमपािन, after bringing
कुचपत दोष towards को� from शाखा, and after making दोषो��लेष; those
can be achieved by दीपन-पािन, �ेहन-�वेदन & शोधन पूवध ोजन �व�था.
If शोधन कमध is performed without अचनदीपन & आमपािन, the शोधन ि�
(drugs) are not digested properly and may lead to adverse effects.
If शोधन कमध is performed without को�गमन of कुचपत दोष, the complete
elimination of aggravated dosha can not be achieved that can result
in relapse or recurrence of disease.
If शोधन कमध is performed without दोषो��लेष, the patient has to suffer
just as extraction of juice from an unripe fruit results in destruction of
that fruit.
In case of ब�दोषाव�था & बलवान रोगी, the संशोधन चिकक�सा should be
used and then संशमन चिकक�सा. And in case of अ�पदोष & दुबधल रोगी, the
संशमन चिकक�सा should only be used.
चनदान पररवजधन
सं�ेपत� कियायोगो चनदानपररवजधनम् । (सु.उ.1/25)
Avoiding the etiological factors is itself a treatment. चनदान पररवजधन is
having utmost importance in Ayurvedic treatments.
चनदान पररवजधन refers to avoiding etiological factors by patient and also
treating the etiological factors by physician, e.g., In case वात�ाचध,
the etiological factors of वात दोष are to be avoided by patient, and the
physician has to treat वात �कोप.
Various diseases can be cured with चनदान पररवजधन only, while all the
Ayurvedic treatments are incomplete without चनदान पररवजधन.
If a patient continues चनदान सेवन, physician cannot treat him
successfully. Or if the disease subsides due to शोधन & शमन but
patient continues चनदान सेवन, it leads to relapse or recurrence of
disease that can advance to chronic or complicated stage.
To avoid relapse or recurrence of any disease, patient has to avoid
the etiological factors even after successful treatment.
चनदान पररवजधन not only helps in treatment but it also helps in
prevention of the diseases. For example, in ऋतुियाध पालन the
etiological factors of the respective accumulating doshas should be
avoided to prevent their aggravation such as during वसंत ऋतु one
should avoid कफवधधक आहार-चवहार.
Rabin Singh
37 Chikitsa
औषध मा�ा
च�थचतनाध��येव मा�ाया� कालमहनं वयो बलम् ।
�कृहतं दोषदेशौ ि दृ�ा मा�ां �क�पयेत् ॥ (शा.सं.पू.1/37)
औषध मा�ा (dose of a medicine) should always be decided with
consideration of following factors
अचन – म�दाचन / समाचन / ती�णाचन / चवषमाचन
वय – बाल / म�यम / वृि
बल – अवर / म�यम / �वर
दोष – वात / चपि / कफ / संसगध / सच�पात / दोष बलाबल / दोष गचत (वृचि-�याकद)
�कृचत – वातज / चपिज / कफज / वातचपिज / वातकफज / चपिकफज / सम च�दोषज
देश – ूचम देश (जांगल / आनूप / साधारण) & आतुर (दशचवध परी�ा)
काल – ऋतु (हेम�त-चशचशर-वस�त-�ी�म-वषाध-शरद) / औषधसेवन काल (�ात� / सांय)
बलानुसार औषध मा�ा Inadequate or less dose of a medicine is unable to
cure a disease just as less quantity of water is unable to stop a fire.
Overdose of a medicine may lead to adverse effects and complications
just as the excess rain destroys the crops. Therefore, dose of a medicine
should neither be less nor be more, and it should be decided with proper
assessment of दोषबल, �ाचधबल & रोगीबल.
बा�याव�थानुसार औषध मा�ा Medicines should be given in िव or लेह �प to
children. िूणध or क�क should be licked with घृत-मधु. वटी or गुरटका should not
be given. According to Acharya Sushruta, upto 16 years of age there is
बा�याव�था (कफ �धान) and the बा�याव�था is having three subtypes
1. �ीरप The children of 1 month to 1 year of age and those consume
breastmilk only are called �ीरप. If medicine has to be given to these
children, then it should be given to the nursing mother and the
medicine can also be coated on nipples of mother in the quantity of
अंगुचलपवधिय मा�ा.
2. �ीरा�ाद Those children who consume breastmilk (�ीर) and foods
(अ�) are called �ीरा�ाद. They are of 1 to 2 years of age. िूणध or क�क
in dose of कोलाच�थ मा�ा should be given to them.
3. अ�ाद Those children who consume foods only are called अ�ाद.
They are of 3 to 16 years of age. कोल मा�ा औषध should be given to
them.
सामा�य औषध-मा�ा (Adult dose)
ि. औषध क�प औषध मा�ा (dose)
1 रस, �म, लौह,
म�डूर, चप�ी
1 to 3 रिी 125 to 375 mg in divided dose
2 पपधटी 2 to 4 रिी 250 to 500 mg in divided dose
3 वटी ½ to 1 तोला 500 mg to 1 gm in divided dose
4 �वरस ½ पल 24 ml in divided dose
5 क�क 1 कषध 12 gm in divided dose
6 �ाथ 1 to 2 पल 48 to 96 ml in divided dose
7 िूणध 1 कषध 6 to 12 gm in divided dose
8 अवलेह पाक ½ पल 12 to 24 gm in divided dose
9 चसि घृत त ल 1 पल 48 ml in divided dose
10 आसव अरर� 1 पल 48 ml in divided dose
{*Note While writing शमनौषचध for any disease write common dosage and
anupana, such as रसौषचध – 125 to 250 mg BD/ TID �̅ मधु / उ�णजल
िूणध – 3 to 6 gm BD/ TID �̅ मधु / घृत / उ�णजल
वटी / गु�गुलु – 500 mg to 1 g (1 to 2 pills) BD/ TID �̅ उ�णजल
�ाथ / कषाय – 24 to 48 ml BD / TID �̅ जल / को�णजल
अवलेह/ पाक – 12 to 24 gm OD/ BD �̅ दु�ध / उ�णजल
घृत/ त ल – 12 to 24 ml OD/ BD �̅ दु�ध / उ�णजल
आसव/अरर� – 12 to 24 ml OD/ BD �̅ जल / गोमू� }
37 Chikitsa
औषध मा�ा
च�थचतनाध��येव मा�ाया� कालमहनं वयो बलम् ।
�कृहतं दोषदेशौ ि दृ�ा मा�ां �क�पयेत् ॥ (शा.सं.पू.1/37)
औषध मा�ा (dose of a medicine) should always be decided with
consideration of following factors
अचन – म�दाचन / समाचन / ती�णाचन / चवषमाचन
वय – बाल / म�यम / वृि
बल – अवर / म�यम / �वर
दोष – वात / चपि / कफ / संसगध / सच�पात / दोष बलाबल / दोष गचत (वृचि-�याकद)
�कृचत – वातज / चपिज / कफज / वातचपिज / वातकफज / चपिकफज / सम च�दोषज
देश – ूचम देश (जांगल / आनूप / साधारण) & आतुर (दशचवध परी�ा)
काल – ऋतु (हेम�त-चशचशर-वस�त-�ी�म-वषाध-शरद) / औषधसेवन काल (�ात� / सांय)
बलानुसार औषध मा�ा Inadequate or less dose of a medicine is unable to
cure a disease just as less quantity of water is unable to stop a fire.
Overdose of a medicine may lead to adverse effects and complications
just as the excess rain destroys the crops. Therefore, dose of a medicine
should neither be less nor be more, and it should be decided with proper
assessment of दोषबल, �ाचधबल & रोगीबल.
बा�याव�थानुसार औषध मा�ा Medicines should be given in िव or लेह �प to
children. िूणध or क�क should be licked with घृत-मधु. वटी or गुरटका should not
be given. According to Acharya Sushruta, upto 16 years of age there is
बा�याव�था (कफ �धान) and the बा�याव�था is having three subtypes
1. �ीरप The children of 1 month to 1 year of age and those consume
breastmilk only are called �ीरप. If medicine has to be given to these
children, then it should be given to the nursing mother and the
medicine can also be coated on nipples of mother in the quantity of
अंगुचलपवधिय मा�ा.
2. �ीरा�ाद Those children who consume breastmilk (�ीर) and foods
(अ�) are called �ीरा�ाद. They are of 1 to 2 years of age. िूणध or क�क
in dose of कोलाच�थ मा�ा should be given to them.
3. अ�ाद Those children who consume foods only are called अ�ाद.
They are of 3 to 16 years of age. कोल मा�ा औषध should be given to
them.
सामा�य औषध-मा�ा (Adult dose)
ि. औषध क�प औषध मा�ा (dose)
1 रस, �म, लौह,
म�डूर, चप�ी
1 to 3 रिी 125 to 375 mg in divided dose
2 पपधटी 2 to 4 रिी 250 to 500 mg in divided dose
3 वटी ½ to 1 तोला 500 mg to 1 gm in divided dose
4 �वरस ½ पल 24 ml in divided dose
5 क�क 1 कषध 12 gm in divided dose
6 �ाथ 1 to 2 पल 48 to 96 ml in divided dose
7 िूणध 1 कषध 6 to 12 gm in divided dose
8 अवलेह पाक ½ पल 12 to 24 gm in divided dose
9 चसि घृत त ल 1 पल 48 ml in divided dose
10 आसव अरर� 1 पल 48 ml in divided dose
{*Note While writing शमनौषचध for any disease write common dosage and
anupana, such as रसौषचध – 125 to 250 mg BD/ TID �̅ मधु / उ�णजल
िूणध – 3 to 6 gm BD/ TID �̅ मधु / घृत / उ�णजल
वटी / गु�गुलु – 500 mg to 1 g (1 to 2 pills) BD/ TID �̅ उ�णजल
�ाथ / कषाय – 24 to 48 ml BD / TID �̅ जल / को�णजल
अवलेह/ पाक – 12 to 24 gm OD/ BD �̅ दु�ध / उ�णजल
घृत/ त ल – 12 to 24 ml OD/ BD �̅ दु�ध / उ�णजल
आसव/अरर� – 12 to 24 ml OD/ BD �̅ जल / गोमू� }
Rabin Singh
38 Chikitsa
औषध सेवन काल
औषध सेवन काल (time of administration of medicine) depends upon रोगी-
रोग अव�था. For successful treatment, administration of medicine with
proper dosage is essential.
ष�यकालो ुिादौ म�ये पिा�मु�मुध�� ।
सामु�ं िसंयुिं �ास �ासा�तरे दश ॥ (ि.चि.30/298)
Acharya Charaka has mentioned 10 types of औषध सेवन काल
1. अ ि Empty stomach
Intake of medicine empty stomach is useful in कफ �कोप & in case of
बलवान रोगी.
2. पूवध ि (�ाक् ि) Before food (Pre-prandial)
Intake of medicine few minutes before the food is useful in अपान-वायु
चवकार such as चवब�ध, उदावतध, अ�मरी, मू�कृ�र, �दर etc.
3. म�य ि In between the intake of food
After intake of half of the food, administration of medicine and then
intake of remaining food is called म�य ि. It is useful in समान-वायु
चवकार such as �हणी, अ�िवशूल, पररणामशूल, उदरशूल, अचतसार, �वाचहका,
अलसक, चवलच�बका etc.
4. स ि (सा�) Mixed with foods
Intake of medicine mixed with food is useful in अ�चि.
5. पिाद् ि (अधो ि) After food (Post-prandial)
Intake of medicine just after food is useful in �ानवायु चवकार such as
उ� रििाप & in उदान वायु चवकार such as �वर ेद etc.
6. सामु� Pre & Post-prandial
Intake of medicine before and after food (pre & post prandial) is
useful in क�प, आ�ेपक, चह�ा etc.
7. िा�तर Repeatedly in between the meals
Intake of medicine frequently in between meals is useful in अ�चि etc.
8. स�ास With every bite (morsel) of meal
Intake of medicine with every morsel is useful in �ाणवायु चवकार such
as �ास etc.
9. �ासा�तर (कवला�तर) In between two morsels
Intake of medicine in between two morsels is useful in �ाणवायु चवकार.
10. मु�मुध� Frequent intake of medicine
Frequent intake of medicine is useful in चवष चवकार, छ�दध रोग, चह�ा,
तृ�णा, �ास, कास etc.
Acharya Vagbhata has told one more type
11. चनचश At night (before going to bed)
Intake of medicine at night is useful in उ�वधज�ुगत चवकार.
अनुपान
“अनु सह पिाद् वा पानं अनुपानम्” Anupana refers to substances taken with or
after diet and drugs.
यदाहारगुण � पानं चवपरीत तकद�यते ।
अ�ानुपानं धातूनां दृ�ं य� चवरोचध ि ॥ (ि.सू.27/319)
The best Anupanas have properties opposite to diet and drugs which is
taken but not opposite to the Dhatus.
Anupana is considered as half medicine in Ayurveda, because it
provides nourishment to the Dhatus, help in digestion of food, digestion
& absorption of administered drugs etc. Anupana acts as vehicle for
drugs which help in quick spread and action of the drugs in the body,
and hence enhances the efficacy of drugs.
38 Chikitsa
औषध सेवन काल
औषध सेवन काल (time of administration of medicine) depends upon रोगी-
रोग अव�था. For successful treatment, administration of medicine with
proper dosage is essential.
ष�यकालो ुिादौ म�ये पिा�मु�मुध�� ।
सामु�ं िसंयुिं �ास �ासा�तरे दश ॥ (ि.चि.30/298)
Acharya Charaka has mentioned 10 types of औषध सेवन काल
1. अ ि Empty stomach
Intake of medicine empty stomach is useful in कफ �कोप & in case of
बलवान रोगी.
2. पूवध ि (�ाक् ि) Before food (Pre-prandial)
Intake of medicine few minutes before the food is useful in अपान-वायु
चवकार such as चवब�ध, उदावतध, अ�मरी, मू�कृ�र, �दर etc.
3. म�य ि In between the intake of food
After intake of half of the food, administration of medicine and then
intake of remaining food is called म�य ि. It is useful in समान-वायु
चवकार such as �हणी, अ�िवशूल, पररणामशूल, उदरशूल, अचतसार, �वाचहका,
अलसक, चवलच�बका etc.
4. स ि (सा�) Mixed with foods
Intake of medicine mixed with food is useful in अ�चि.
5. पिाद् ि (अधो ि) After food (Post-prandial)
Intake of medicine just after food is useful in �ानवायु चवकार such as
उ� रििाप & in उदान वायु चवकार such as �वर ेद etc.
6. सामु� Pre & Post-prandial
Intake of medicine before and after food (pre & post prandial) is
useful in क�प, आ�ेपक, चह�ा etc.
7. िा�तर Repeatedly in between the meals
Intake of medicine frequently in between meals is useful in अ�चि etc.
8. स�ास With every bite (morsel) of meal
Intake of medicine with every morsel is useful in �ाणवायु चवकार such
as �ास etc.
9. �ासा�तर (कवला�तर) In between two morsels
Intake of medicine in between two morsels is useful in �ाणवायु चवकार.
10. मु�मुध� Frequent intake of medicine
Frequent intake of medicine is useful in चवष चवकार, छ�दध रोग, चह�ा,
तृ�णा, �ास, कास etc.
Acharya Vagbhata has told one more type
11. चनचश At night (before going to bed)
Intake of medicine at night is useful in उ�वधज�ुगत चवकार.
अनुपान
“अनु सह पिाद् वा पानं अनुपानम्” Anupana refers to substances taken with or
after diet and drugs.
यदाहारगुण � पानं चवपरीत तकद�यते ।
अ�ानुपानं धातूनां दृ�ं य� चवरोचध ि ॥ (ि.सू.27/319)
The best Anupanas have properties opposite to diet and drugs which is
taken but not opposite to the Dhatus.
Anupana is considered as half medicine in Ayurveda, because it
provides nourishment to the Dhatus, help in digestion of food, digestion
& absorption of administered drugs etc. Anupana acts as vehicle for
drugs which help in quick spread and action of the drugs in the body,
and hence enhances the efficacy of drugs.
Rabin Singh
39 Chikitsa
अनुपान कमध (Actions of Anupana) Anupana provide a medium of
administration of drugs with acceptability & palatability. They acts as
अनुपानं तपधयचत, ऊजधयचत, बृंहयचत, पयाधच�मच चनवधतधयचत, ुिमवसादयचत,
अ�संघातं च नचि, मादधवमापादयचत, �लेदयचत, जरयचत, सुखपररणाचमता-
माशु�वाचयतां िाहार�योपजनयतीचत । (ि.सू.27/325)
Anupana brings about pleasure, energy, nourishment, satisfaction and
steadiness in the food eaten. It helps in breaking down, softening,
moistening, digestion, assimilation, and instant diffusion of food and
drugs taken.
अनुपान चनधाधरण Anupana intake is decided on following three basis
1. औषध-आहार अनुसार (According to Drugs and Diet)
2. रोगी अनुसार (According to Patient)
3. रोग अनुसार (According to Disease)
Anupana indicated according to drugs and diet
ि. औषध व आहार अनुपान
1 �ेह पान (except �लातक & तुवरक त ल) उ�ण जल
2 मधु – दचध – म� - �लातक त ल – तुवरक त ल शीत जल
3 मांस or मांसरस म� or फला�ल
4 लशुन शकध रा, मधु or घृत
5 हरीतकी (ऋतु हररतकी) स�धव in वषाध
शकध रा in शरद
शु�ठी in हेम�त
चप�पली in चशचशर
मधु in वस�त
गुड in �ी�म
Anupana indicated according to patient
ि. रोगी अनुपान
1 कृ श रोगी मांस रस or सुरा
2 �थूल रोगी मधूदक
3 �ीण, बालक, वृि रोगी �ीर
Anupana indicated according to disease
ि. रोग अनुपान ि. रोग अनुपान
1 वातज रोग च��ध-उ�ण अनुपान 18 अजीणध उ�णोदक
2 चपिज रोग मधुर-शीत अनुपान 19 अ�चि चन�बू �वरस
3 कफज रोग ��-उ�ण अनुपान 20 अचनिा माचहष दु�ध / म�
4 च�दोषज आिधक �वरस + मधु 21 वात�ाचध लशुन, गु�गुलु
5 धातु�य मांसरस 22 गु�म चश�ू �वक
6 �य रोग �ीर / मांसरस 23 �लीहोदर चप�पली िूणध
7 �वर मु�ता, पपधट,
ककरातचति �ाथ
24 अ�लचपि िा�ा, कू�मा�ड
25 छ�दध लाजा / मघु
8 जीणध �वर चप�पली िूणध + मधु 26 कु� खकदरसार जल
9 रिचपि दु�ध / इ�ुरस / वासा 27 �ेत कु� बाकुिी फल
10 पा�डु पुननधवा �ाथ 28 ने�रोग च�फला
11 आमवात एर�ड त ल + गोमू� 29 �मेह च�फला, हररिा
12 वातरि गुडूिी 30 �वर ेद पु�करमूल + मधु
13 शूल हहंगु + घृत 31 �ास च�कटु+मधु / शु�ठी
14 �हणी ति 32 कास वासा, क�टकारी
15 अचतसार कुटज �वक �ाथ 33 पा�धशूल पु�करमूल
16 अशध �लातक / कुटज 34 उ�माद पुराणघृत /कौ� घृत
17 कृचमरोग चवडंग 35 अप�मार �ा�ी / विा �वरस
If any anupana for particular condition, mentioned above, is not available
then उ�ण जल (को�ण जल) should be used.
39 Chikitsa
अनुपान कमध (Actions of Anupana) Anupana provide a medium of
administration of drugs with acceptability & palatability. They acts as
अनुपानं तपधयचत, ऊजधयचत, बृंहयचत, पयाधच�मच चनवधतधयचत, ुिमवसादयचत,
अ�संघातं च नचि, मादधवमापादयचत, �लेदयचत, जरयचत, सुखपररणाचमता-
माशु�वाचयतां िाहार�योपजनयतीचत । (ि.सू.27/325)
Anupana brings about pleasure, energy, nourishment, satisfaction and
steadiness in the food eaten. It helps in breaking down, softening,
moistening, digestion, assimilation, and instant diffusion of food and
drugs taken.
अनुपान चनधाधरण Anupana intake is decided on following three basis
1. औषध-आहार अनुसार (According to Drugs and Diet)
2. रोगी अनुसार (According to Patient)
3. रोग अनुसार (According to Disease)
Anupana indicated according to drugs and diet
ि. औषध व आहार अनुपान
1 �ेह पान (except �लातक & तुवरक त ल) उ�ण जल
2 मधु – दचध – म� - �लातक त ल – तुवरक त ल शीत जल
3 मांस or मांसरस म� or फला�ल
4 लशुन शकध रा, मधु or घृत
5 हरीतकी (ऋतु हररतकी) स�धव in वषाध
शकध रा in शरद
शु�ठी in हेम�त
चप�पली in चशचशर
मधु in वस�त
गुड in �ी�म
Anupana indicated according to patient
ि. रोगी अनुपान
1 कृ श रोगी मांस रस or सुरा
2 �थूल रोगी मधूदक
3 �ीण, बालक, वृि रोगी �ीर
Anupana indicated according to disease
ि. रोग अनुपान ि. रोग अनुपान
1 वातज रोग च��ध-उ�ण अनुपान 18 अजीणध उ�णोदक
2 चपिज रोग मधुर-शीत अनुपान 19 अ�चि चन�बू �वरस
3 कफज रोग ��-उ�ण अनुपान 20 अचनिा माचहष दु�ध / म�
4 च�दोषज आिधक �वरस + मधु 21 वात�ाचध लशुन, गु�गुलु
5 धातु�य मांसरस 22 गु�म चश�ू �वक
6 �य रोग �ीर / मांसरस 23 �लीहोदर चप�पली िूणध
7 �वर मु�ता, पपधट,
ककरातचति �ाथ
24 अ�लचपि िा�ा, कू�मा�ड
25 छ�दध लाजा / मघु
8 जीणध �वर चप�पली िूणध + मधु 26 कु� खकदरसार जल
9 रिचपि दु�ध / इ�ुरस / वासा 27 �ेत कु� बाकुिी फल
10 पा�डु पुननधवा �ाथ 28 ने�रोग च�फला
11 आमवात एर�ड त ल + गोमू� 29 �मेह च�फला, हररिा
12 वातरि गुडूिी 30 �वर ेद पु�करमूल + मधु
13 शूल हहंगु + घृत 31 �ास च�कटु+मधु / शु�ठी
14 �हणी ति 32 कास वासा, क�टकारी
15 अचतसार कुटज �वक �ाथ 33 पा�धशूल पु�करमूल
16 अशध �लातक / कुटज 34 उ�माद पुराणघृत /कौ� घृत
17 कृचमरोग चवडंग 35 अप�मार �ा�ी / विा �वरस
If any anupana for particular condition, mentioned above, is not available
then उ�ण जल (को�ण जल) should be used.
Rabin Singh
40 Chikitsa
प�य-अप�य
प�य प�य is a synonym (पयाधय) of ेषज or चिकक�सा.
प�यं पथोsनपेतं य��ोिं मनस� च�यम् । (ि.सू.25/45)
प�य are those आहार-चवहार which are wholesome for the पथ or �ोतस and
pleasant for मनस.
“पथ� �ोतो�पात् शरीरमागाधत् अनपकारकं यिप�यम्” The substances, which are
not harmful for srotas of body, are called प�य.
अप�य अप�य is that which is harmful for body and unpleasant for mind.
प�याप�य चनयामक ाव
प�याप�य depends upon following six factors
1. मा�ा, 2. काल, 3. किया, 4. ूचम, 5. देह, 6. दोष.
Consideration of all these six factors is essential before deciding
प�याप�य, because use of proper प�य can act as a treatment itself,
while improper use of प�य can act as अप�य.
प�य �व�था can be used as two types
1. �वा��य संर�णाथध प�य �व�था
2. रोगकालीन प�य �व�था
अ�चवध आहारचवचधचवशेषायतन For intake of beneficial diet (प�य आहार)
Acharya Charaka has explained eight rules
त� खच�वमा�य�ावाहारचवचधचवशेषायतानाचन वच�त,
त�था�कृचतकरणसंयोगराचशदेशकालोपयोगसं�थोपयोिा�माचन ॥ (ि.चव.1/21)
1. �कृचत Natural quality of dravya
2. करण Processing of dravyas, or Preparations of food items
3. संयोग Combinations of various dravyas
4. राचश Quantity of food
5. देश Place of origin of the dravyas
6. काल चन�यग (ऋतु- season) or आवच�थक (दोष & रोग अव�था- stages)
7. उपयोगसं�था Dietetic rules (Acharya charaka has explained आहार
चवचध चवधान, and Acharya Sushruta has explained िादश अशन चविार)
8. उपयोिा The user (consumer) has to take food as per his सा��यता.
आहार चवचध चवधान
Following rules are mentioned by Acharya Charaka in Vimanasthana
आहार should be उ�ण, च��ध and मा�ापूवधक.
One should take food (आहार) after digestion of previous meal.
One should take अचव�ि वीयध (the ि� which are not वीयधचव�ि)
One should take food while sitting in इ� देश (suitable place)
One should take food with इ� उपकरण (suitable dishes and dishwares)
During intake of food (eating or drinking) one should follow the rules
like नाचत शी� (not too fast), नाचत चवल�ब (not too slow), अज�पन् (not
while talking), अहसन् (not while laughing), �व अचनबल अनुसार (quantity
of food should be according to person’s digestion capacity), and
आ�मनान् (Beneficial food should be taken with concentration).
िादश अशन चविार
Acharya Sushruta has explained 12 types of food items (िादश अशन)
those are as follows
1. शीत आहार useful for उ�णता, मद & तृ�णा पीचडत
2. उ�ण आहार useful for कफ वातज रोग, �ेहपीत, चवररि �चि
3. च��ध आहार useful for वात �कृचत, वात�ाचध पीचडत, कृश & दुबधल �चि.
4. �� आहार useful for मेद�वी (मेदोवृचि), कफ �कृचत, कफज रोगी, & �मेही.
5. िव आहार useful for शु�क शरीर, दुबधल शरीर, & तृ�णा पीचडत.
6. शु�क आहार useful for कु�, चवसपध, च�ल� शरीर (�लेदयुि) & �मेही.
40 Chikitsa
प�य-अप�य
प�य प�य is a synonym (पयाधय) of ेषज or चिकक�सा.
प�यं पथोsनपेतं य��ोिं मनस� च�यम् । (ि.सू.25/45)
प�य are those आहार-चवहार which are wholesome for the पथ or �ोतस and
pleasant for मनस.
“पथ� �ोतो�पात् शरीरमागाधत् अनपकारकं यिप�यम्” The substances, which are
not harmful for srotas of body, are called प�य.
अप�य अप�य is that which is harmful for body and unpleasant for mind.
प�याप�य चनयामक ाव
प�याप�य depends upon following six factors
1. मा�ा, 2. काल, 3. किया, 4. ूचम, 5. देह, 6. दोष.
Consideration of all these six factors is essential before deciding
प�याप�य, because use of proper प�य can act as a treatment itself,
while improper use of प�य can act as अप�य.
प�य �व�था can be used as two types
1. �वा��य संर�णाथध प�य �व�था
2. रोगकालीन प�य �व�था
अ�चवध आहारचवचधचवशेषायतन For intake of beneficial diet (प�य आहार)
Acharya Charaka has explained eight rules
त� खच�वमा�य�ावाहारचवचधचवशेषायतानाचन वच�त,
त�था�कृचतकरणसंयोगराचशदेशकालोपयोगसं�थोपयोिा�माचन ॥ (ि.चव.1/21)
1. �कृचत Natural quality of dravya
2. करण Processing of dravyas, or Preparations of food items
3. संयोग Combinations of various dravyas
4. राचश Quantity of food
5. देश Place of origin of the dravyas
6. काल चन�यग (ऋतु- season) or आवच�थक (दोष & रोग अव�था- stages)
7. उपयोगसं�था Dietetic rules (Acharya charaka has explained आहार
चवचध चवधान, and Acharya Sushruta has explained िादश अशन चविार)
8. उपयोिा The user (consumer) has to take food as per his सा��यता.
आहार चवचध चवधान
Following rules are mentioned by Acharya Charaka in Vimanasthana
आहार should be उ�ण, च��ध and मा�ापूवधक.
One should take food (आहार) after digestion of previous meal.
One should take अचव�ि वीयध (the ि� which are not वीयधचव�ि)
One should take food while sitting in इ� देश (suitable place)
One should take food with इ� उपकरण (suitable dishes and dishwares)
During intake of food (eating or drinking) one should follow the rules
like नाचत शी� (not too fast), नाचत चवल�ब (not too slow), अज�पन् (not
while talking), अहसन् (not while laughing), �व अचनबल अनुसार (quantity
of food should be according to person’s digestion capacity), and
आ�मनान् (Beneficial food should be taken with concentration).
िादश अशन चविार
Acharya Sushruta has explained 12 types of food items (िादश अशन)
those are as follows
1. शीत आहार useful for उ�णता, मद & तृ�णा पीचडत
2. उ�ण आहार useful for कफ वातज रोग, �ेहपीत, चवररि �चि
3. च��ध आहार useful for वात �कृचत, वात�ाचध पीचडत, कृश & दुबधल �चि.
4. �� आहार useful for मेद�वी (मेदोवृचि), कफ �कृचत, कफज रोगी, & �मेही.
5. िव आहार useful for शु�क शरीर, दुबधल शरीर, & तृ�णा पीचडत.
6. शु�क आहार useful for कु�, चवसपध, च�ल� शरीर (�लेदयुि) & �मेही.
Rabin Singh
41 Chikitsa
7. एक काचलक आहार in case of म�दाचन, food should be taken once a day
(one meal in 24 hours) to increase the जठराचन.
8. चिकाचलक आहार in case of म�दाचन, food should be taken twice a day.
9. औषधयुि आहार those patients who are औषधिेषी (not willing to take
medicine) are given medicine mixed with food.
10. मा�ाहीन आहार persons having म�दाचन or suffering from any disease
(रोगी) should be given less food as compared to normal persons.
11. �शमन कारक आहार ऋतु अनुसार आहार should be given for दोष �शमन.
12. �व�थवृचि �योजक �वा��य संर�णाथध सवधरसयुि आहार should be given.
अप�य
Those आहार or औषध which dislodge the दोष from their normal sites and
aggravate them but do not eliminate them from body, are called चव�ि
आहार, and these are harmful or अप�य.
There are 18 types of चव�िाहार
देश चव�ि – काल चव�ि – अचन चव�ि – मा�ा चव�ि – सा��य चव�ि – दोष चव�ि –
सं�कार चव�ि – वीयध चव�ि – को� चव�ि – अव�था चव�ि – िम चव�ि – पररहार
चव�ि – उपिार चव�ि – पाक चव�ि – संयोग चव�ि – �दय चव�ि – संपद चव�ि –
and चवचध चव�ि आहार
ऋतु अनुसार दोष �कोपक आहार is also अप�य that must be avoided for
prevention of several diseases.
आहारज चनदान (रोग उ�पादक हेतु) is अप�य that must be avoided for successful
treatment.
चव�ि आहार & अप�य आहार सेवन ज�य रोग कु� – चवसपध – चव�फोट – आमचवष –
�ल �य – जलोदर – ग�दर – मद – मू�छाध – उ�माद – पा�डु – �हणी – अ�लचपि – �वर
अप�यज रोग चिकक�सा वमन – चवरेिन – चवपरीत गुणयुि आहार & औषध सेवन –
�ाचध चवपरीत चिकक�सा – रसायन सेवन etc.
Examples
1. प�याप�य for वातज चवकार
प�य अप�य
आहार घृत, त ल, गोधूम, षच�क शाचल, पटोल,
चश�ु, लशुन, दाचडम, िा�ा, चन�बू,
नाररके ल जल, गोमू�, गोदु�ध, जांगल मांस
िणक, सतीन, आढकी, मु�, मसूर,
कोिव, चन�पाव, कारवे�लक, ज�बू,
पूग, शु�क शाक, शु�क मांस
चवहार जल िीडा, अ�यंग, संवाहन, �ान, वि
धारण, बृंहण कमध
राच�जागरण, अनशन , �म,
वेगधारण, म थुन, चि�ता, शोक
1. प�याप�य for चपिज चवकार
प�य अप�य
आहार पुराण शाचल, लाजा, गोधूम, मु�, मसूर,
चन�ब, पटोल, मूलक, पला�डु, कू �मा�ड,
अजादु�ध, गोदु�ध, घृत, जांगल मांसरस,
आमलकी, कदली, िा�ा, मृचिका, चम�ी
चतल, माष, कु ल�थ, सषधप, गुड, दचध,
�ार, लवण, कटु ती�ण चवदाही
अ�पान, म��य मांस
चवहार शीतजल �ान, शीत चवहार, ि�दन लेप,
मुिा मचणधारण, ि�िककरण सेवन, वमन
चवरेिन न�याकद
आतप सेवन, �वेदन, वेगधारण, िोध
2. प�याप�य for कफज चवकार
प�य अप�य
आहार मधु, यव, लाजा, मु�, पुराण शाचल,
हररिा, शु�ठी, मररि, चप�पली, चि�क,
लवंग, एला, �वक, तुलसी, खकदर, कटु-
चति-कषाय रस, ती�ण, ऊ�ण, �� आहार
नवा�, चप�ा�, गोधूम, इ�ुरस, गुड
चवकार, �ीर, दचध, आनूप मांस,
चव�िाहार, चवदाही अच �य�दी गु�
च��ध आहार
चवहार लघु �ायाम, उितधन, वमन कदवा�व�, अ�ायाम, वेगधारण
41 Chikitsa
7. एक काचलक आहार in case of म�दाचन, food should be taken once a day
(one meal in 24 hours) to increase the जठराचन.
8. चिकाचलक आहार in case of म�दाचन, food should be taken twice a day.
9. औषधयुि आहार those patients who are औषधिेषी (not willing to take
medicine) are given medicine mixed with food.
10. मा�ाहीन आहार persons having म�दाचन or suffering from any disease
(रोगी) should be given less food as compared to normal persons.
11. �शमन कारक आहार ऋतु अनुसार आहार should be given for दोष �शमन.
12. �व�थवृचि �योजक �वा��य संर�णाथध सवधरसयुि आहार should be given.
अप�य
Those आहार or औषध which dislodge the दोष from their normal sites and
aggravate them but do not eliminate them from body, are called चव�ि
आहार, and these are harmful or अप�य.
There are 18 types of चव�िाहार
देश चव�ि – काल चव�ि – अचन चव�ि – मा�ा चव�ि – सा��य चव�ि – दोष चव�ि –
सं�कार चव�ि – वीयध चव�ि – को� चव�ि – अव�था चव�ि – िम चव�ि – पररहार
चव�ि – उपिार चव�ि – पाक चव�ि – संयोग चव�ि – �दय चव�ि – संपद चव�ि –
and चवचध चव�ि आहार
ऋतु अनुसार दोष �कोपक आहार is also अप�य that must be avoided for
prevention of several diseases.
आहारज चनदान (रोग उ�पादक हेतु) is अप�य that must be avoided for successful
treatment.
चव�ि आहार & अप�य आहार सेवन ज�य रोग कु� – चवसपध – चव�फोट – आमचवष –
�ल �य – जलोदर – ग�दर – मद – मू�छाध – उ�माद – पा�डु – �हणी – अ�लचपि – �वर
अप�यज रोग चिकक�सा वमन – चवरेिन – चवपरीत गुणयुि आहार & औषध सेवन –
�ाचध चवपरीत चिकक�सा – रसायन सेवन etc.
Examples
1. प�याप�य for वातज चवकार
प�य अप�य
आहार घृत, त ल, गोधूम, षच�क शाचल, पटोल,
चश�ु, लशुन, दाचडम, िा�ा, चन�बू,
नाररके ल जल, गोमू�, गोदु�ध, जांगल मांस
िणक, सतीन, आढकी, मु�, मसूर,
कोिव, चन�पाव, कारवे�लक, ज�बू,
पूग, शु�क शाक, शु�क मांस
चवहार जल िीडा, अ�यंग, संवाहन, �ान, वि
धारण, बृंहण कमध
राच�जागरण, अनशन , �म,
वेगधारण, म थुन, चि�ता, शोक
1. प�याप�य for चपिज चवकार
प�य अप�य
आहार पुराण शाचल, लाजा, गोधूम, मु�, मसूर,
चन�ब, पटोल, मूलक, पला�डु, कू �मा�ड,
अजादु�ध, गोदु�ध, घृत, जांगल मांसरस,
आमलकी, कदली, िा�ा, मृचिका, चम�ी
चतल, माष, कु ल�थ, सषधप, गुड, दचध,
�ार, लवण, कटु ती�ण चवदाही
अ�पान, म��य मांस
चवहार शीतजल �ान, शीत चवहार, ि�दन लेप,
मुिा मचणधारण, ि�िककरण सेवन, वमन
चवरेिन न�याकद
आतप सेवन, �वेदन, वेगधारण, िोध
2. प�याप�य for कफज चवकार
प�य अप�य
आहार मधु, यव, लाजा, मु�, पुराण शाचल,
हररिा, शु�ठी, मररि, चप�पली, चि�क,
लवंग, एला, �वक, तुलसी, खकदर, कटु-
चति-कषाय रस, ती�ण, ऊ�ण, �� आहार
नवा�, चप�ा�, गोधूम, इ�ुरस, गुड
चवकार, �ीर, दचध, आनूप मांस,
चव�िाहार, चवदाही अच �य�दी गु�
च��ध आहार
चवहार लघु �ायाम, उितधन, वमन कदवा�व�, अ�ायाम, वेगधारण
Rabin Singh
42 Chikitsa
मनस & मानचसक रोग
“म�यतेsनेन इचत मन�” / “मन �ाने एवं मनु अवबोधने”
Manas or mind is defined as an object of cognition (indriya) through
which one perceives knowledge.
मनस �थान �दय
मनस-गुण अणु�वमथ ि एक�वं दौ गुणौ । (ि.शा.1/19)
मनस कमध इच�ियाच �ह� कमध मनस� �व�य चन�ह� । (ि.शा.1/21)
मनस चवषय चि��यं चविायधमू�ं ि �येयं संक�पमेव ि ।
यच�कच��मनसो �ेयं तत् सव� �थधसं�कम् ॥ (ि.शा.1/20)
मनो-रोग सामा�य चनदान
अ�प अ�व
Vitiation of मानचसक दोष रज & तम
Emotions or मनो ाव (िोध –शोक – य –हषध –चवषाद –ई�याध –मा�सयध –काम
–लो –मोह)
All of the Sharirika and Manasika rogas are caused by following
three types of etiological factors
1. असा�मेच�ियाथध संयोग
2. ��ापराध
3. पररणाम (काल)
��ापराध
धीधृचत�मृचतचव��� कमध यत् कु�तेsशु म् ।
��ापराधं तं चव�ात् सवधदोष�कोपणम् ॥ (ि.शा.1/102)
When a person does sinful acts because of the derangement of धी, धृचत
& �मृचत, it is called ��ापराध. Indulging in the improper activities knowingly
is nothing but ��ापराध that leads to सवधदोष�कोप.
मनो-रोग साम�य ल�ण
उिेग ल�ण अ�थ यध (instability) – वेपथु (tremor) – असचह�णुता
(intolerance) – शी�कोप (Irritability) – �वेदबा��य (Excessive
perspiration) – तृ�बा��य (Excessive thirst) – मुखशोष (Dryness of
mouth) – य (Fear) etc.
चवषाद ल�ण चवषाद (depression) – उ�साहनाश (loss of enthusiasm) –
आशा ंग (frustration) – अन�ाच लाषा (lack of interest in food) – अ�पिे�ा
(reduced activity) – अचनिा (sleeplessness)
मनो-रोग सामा�य चिकक�सा
1. द व �पा�य चिकक�सा
म�� जप – औषध & मचणधारण – पूजन – य� – �तुचत – बचल – मंगल – होम –
उपहार – ��ियध – तप – स�य – चनयम– साधुदशधन etc.
2. युचि �पा�य चिकक�सा
आहार – चवहार – औषध �योग
मे�य ि� �ा�ी – म�डूकपणी – यच�मधु – गुडूिी – शंखपु�पी – �योचत�मचत
– जटामांसी – विा – अ�ग�धा etc.
3. स�वाजय चिकक�सा
Restrain mind from desire of unwholesome objects. The best
approach to achieve the goal of sattvajaya chikitsa is through the
propagation of: “मनसो �ानचव�ान ध यध �मृचत समाकदच �” (ि.सू.1/52)
�ान knowledge of self
चव�ान professional / analytical knowledge
ध यध patience and confidence
�मृचत keeping good memories
समाचध concentration and meditation
अि� ूत चिकक�सा
�ासन – य दशधन – चव�मापन – चव�मारण – �ो न – �सधन – बंधन – हषधण etc.
42 Chikitsa
मनस & मानचसक रोग
“म�यतेsनेन इचत मन�” / “मन �ाने एवं मनु अवबोधने”
Manas or mind is defined as an object of cognition (indriya) through
which one perceives knowledge.
मनस �थान �दय
मनस-गुण अणु�वमथ ि एक�वं दौ गुणौ । (ि.शा.1/19)
मनस कमध इच�ियाच �ह� कमध मनस� �व�य चन�ह� । (ि.शा.1/21)
मनस चवषय चि��यं चविायधमू�ं ि �येयं संक�पमेव ि ।
यच�कच��मनसो �ेयं तत् सव� �थधसं�कम् ॥ (ि.शा.1/20)
मनो-रोग सामा�य चनदान
अ�प अ�व
Vitiation of मानचसक दोष रज & तम
Emotions or मनो ाव (िोध –शोक – य –हषध –चवषाद –ई�याध –मा�सयध –काम
–लो –मोह)
All of the Sharirika and Manasika rogas are caused by following
three types of etiological factors
1. असा�मेच�ियाथध संयोग
2. ��ापराध
3. पररणाम (काल)
��ापराध
धीधृचत�मृचतचव��� कमध यत् कु�तेsशु म् ।
��ापराधं तं चव�ात् सवधदोष�कोपणम् ॥ (ि.शा.1/102)
When a person does sinful acts because of the derangement of धी, धृचत
& �मृचत, it is called ��ापराध. Indulging in the improper activities knowingly
is nothing but ��ापराध that leads to सवधदोष�कोप.
मनो-रोग साम�य ल�ण
उिेग ल�ण अ�थ यध (instability) – वेपथु (tremor) – असचह�णुता
(intolerance) – शी�कोप (Irritability) – �वेदबा��य (Excessive
perspiration) – तृ�बा��य (Excessive thirst) – मुखशोष (Dryness of
mouth) – य (Fear) etc.
चवषाद ल�ण चवषाद (depression) – उ�साहनाश (loss of enthusiasm) –
आशा ंग (frustration) – अन�ाच लाषा (lack of interest in food) – अ�पिे�ा
(reduced activity) – अचनिा (sleeplessness)
मनो-रोग सामा�य चिकक�सा
1. द व �पा�य चिकक�सा
म�� जप – औषध & मचणधारण – पूजन – य� – �तुचत – बचल – मंगल – होम –
उपहार – ��ियध – तप – स�य – चनयम– साधुदशधन etc.
2. युचि �पा�य चिकक�सा
आहार – चवहार – औषध �योग
मे�य ि� �ा�ी – म�डूकपणी – यच�मधु – गुडूिी – शंखपु�पी – �योचत�मचत
– जटामांसी – विा – अ�ग�धा etc.
3. स�वाजय चिकक�सा
Restrain mind from desire of unwholesome objects. The best
approach to achieve the goal of sattvajaya chikitsa is through the
propagation of: “मनसो �ानचव�ान ध यध �मृचत समाकदच �” (ि.सू.1/52)
�ान knowledge of self
चव�ान professional / analytical knowledge
ध यध patience and confidence
�मृचत keeping good memories
समाचध concentration and meditation
अि� ूत चिकक�सा
�ासन – य दशधन – चव�मापन – चव�मारण – �ो न – �सधन – बंधन – हषधण etc.
Rabin Singh
43 Chikitsa
Nutritional Deficiency Disorders
Nutrition Nutrition is the science or practice of consuming and utilizing
foods. It includes food intake, absorption, assimilation, biosynthesis,
catabolism, and excretion.
Nutrients A nutrient is a substance used by humans to survive, grow,
and reproduce. Generally nutrients are classified into macronutrients and
micronutrients.
(a) Macronutrients A class of chemical compounds which humans
consume in the largest quantities and which provide humans with the
bulk of energy. These are Protiens, Carbohydrates, and Fats (lipids).
(b) Micronutrients Micronutrients are those vitamins and minerals
required in very small quantities and essential for a number of
physiological functions including normal growth and development.
Proteins Proteins are organic compounds that consist of amino acids
joined by peptide bonds. These are essential for growth and repair.
Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen &
oxygen (CHO) such as sugars, starch, and cellulose. They are rich
source of energy.
Fats Fats are made of triglycerides and fatty acids. They are solid at
room temperature. Fats are needed for construction and maintenance of
cell membranes, to maintain a stable body temperature, and to sustain
the health of skin and hair.
Vitamins Vitamins are organic molecules which are essential
micronutrients – these are vital substances which humans need in small
quantities for the proper metabolism but cannot synthesize, either at all
or in sufficient quantities, and therefore must obtain through diet.
There are two categories of vitamins
(a) Fat soluble Vitamin A, D, E, K
(b) Water soluble Vitamin B complex (B1, B2, B3, B6, B12 etc.) & Vit.C
Minerals Minerals are chemical elements required as essential
nutrient by humans to perform functions necessary for life. The five
major minerals in the human body are calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P),
potassium (K), sodium (Na), and magnesium (Mg). All of the remaining
elements in a human body are called “trace elements”. The trace
elements that have a specific biochemical function in the human body
are Sulphur (S), Iron (Fe), Chlorine (Cl), Cobalt (Co), Copper (Cu), Zinc
(Zn), Manganese (Mn), Molybdenum (Mo), Iodine (I) and Selenium (Se).
Antioxidants The substances that protect cells against the effects of
oxidative damage (i.e. free radicals – molecules produced when body
breaks down food or is exposed to tobacco smoke and radiation). Vit C,
vit E, carotene etc. act as antioxidant. Rich sources of antioxidants are
Apples, Berries, Carrots, Beets, Oranges, Potatoes, Green tea, Dark
green veggies, Whole grains, Nuts etc.
S.No. Macronutrients Deficiency Treatment
1 Proteins
Source– Eggs,
milk, meat, fish,
lentils, cereals,
nuts, soy, oats
etc.
RDA– 60 g /day
• In children– Kwashiorkor
& Marasmus, Stunted growth
• Flaky and splitting skin &
patches of depigmented skin
• Edema
• Fatty liver
• Fatigue & irritability
• More prone to infections
• Loss of muscle mass
• Nutritional
powders
• Protein
shakes
• Advice -
Eggs, Milk,
Curd, Lentil
soups etc.
43 Chikitsa
Nutritional Deficiency Disorders
Nutrition Nutrition is the science or practice of consuming and utilizing
foods. It includes food intake, absorption, assimilation, biosynthesis,
catabolism, and excretion.
Nutrients A nutrient is a substance used by humans to survive, grow,
and reproduce. Generally nutrients are classified into macronutrients and
micronutrients.
(a) Macronutrients A class of chemical compounds which humans
consume in the largest quantities and which provide humans with the
bulk of energy. These are Protiens, Carbohydrates, and Fats (lipids).
(b) Micronutrients Micronutrients are those vitamins and minerals
required in very small quantities and essential for a number of
physiological functions including normal growth and development.
Proteins Proteins are organic compounds that consist of amino acids
joined by peptide bonds. These are essential for growth and repair.
Carbohydrates Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen &
oxygen (CHO) such as sugars, starch, and cellulose. They are rich
source of energy.
Fats Fats are made of triglycerides and fatty acids. They are solid at
room temperature. Fats are needed for construction and maintenance of
cell membranes, to maintain a stable body temperature, and to sustain
the health of skin and hair.
Vitamins Vitamins are organic molecules which are essential
micronutrients – these are vital substances which humans need in small
quantities for the proper metabolism but cannot synthesize, either at all
or in sufficient quantities, and therefore must obtain through diet.
There are two categories of vitamins
(a) Fat soluble Vitamin A, D, E, K
(b) Water soluble Vitamin B complex (B1, B2, B3, B6, B12 etc.) & Vit.C
Minerals Minerals are chemical elements required as essential
nutrient by humans to perform functions necessary for life. The five
major minerals in the human body are calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P),
potassium (K), sodium (Na), and magnesium (Mg). All of the remaining
elements in a human body are called “trace elements”. The trace
elements that have a specific biochemical function in the human body
are Sulphur (S), Iron (Fe), Chlorine (Cl), Cobalt (Co), Copper (Cu), Zinc
(Zn), Manganese (Mn), Molybdenum (Mo), Iodine (I) and Selenium (Se).
Antioxidants The substances that protect cells against the effects of
oxidative damage (i.e. free radicals – molecules produced when body
breaks down food or is exposed to tobacco smoke and radiation). Vit C,
vit E, carotene etc. act as antioxidant. Rich sources of antioxidants are
Apples, Berries, Carrots, Beets, Oranges, Potatoes, Green tea, Dark
green veggies, Whole grains, Nuts etc.
S.No. Macronutrients Deficiency Treatment
1 Proteins
Source– Eggs,
milk, meat, fish,
lentils, cereals,
nuts, soy, oats
etc.
RDA– 60 g /day
• In children– Kwashiorkor
& Marasmus, Stunted growth
• Flaky and splitting skin &
patches of depigmented skin
• Edema
• Fatty liver
• Fatigue & irritability
• More prone to infections
• Loss of muscle mass
• Nutritional
powders
• Protein
shakes
• Advice -
Eggs, Milk,
Curd, Lentil
soups etc.
Rabin Singh
44 Chikitsa
S.No. Macronutrients Deficiency Treatment
2 Carbohydrates
Source– Whole grain cereals,
bread, potatoes, peas,
beans, lentils, vegetables,
and fruits; while refined carbs
include sugar sweetened
drinks, fruit juices, pastries,
pasta, white rice etc.
RDA– 225 to 325 g /day
( 2400 kcal energy for men
and 2000 kcal for women is
needed per day and
approximately 45 to 55% of
diet should be
carbohydrates. 1 g carbs= 4
kcal / 1 g proteins = 4 kcal / 1
g fats= 9 kcal )
Hypoglycemia
Hunger
Sweating
Fainting
Confusion
Slurred
speech
Ketosis
Mental fatigue
Bad breath
Nausea
Headache
Painful
swelling of
the joints
If mild-
3-4 tsf of sugar or
chocolate, or
glucose tablets
If moderate-
Glucose water, or
fruit juice
If severe-
25-50 ml 25-50%
IV Dextrose, or
Inj. Glucagon 1
mg SC or IM
Advice
Carbs-rich
diet
3 Fats
Source– Cheese, butter,
cream, whole milk, meat,
coconut oil, palm oil etc.
Essential fatty acid occurs
naturally in whole grain
cereal, seeds and nuts.
RDA– 25 g /day
• Scaly
dermatitis
• Dry, scaly,
flaky, dull, or
bumpy skin
• Dry, brittle, or
lusterless
hairs
• Alopecia
• Thrombocyto-
penia
• Advice
Essential fatty
acids - rich diet
Flax-seeds,
Soybeans,
Seafood,
Ghee, Milk,
Almonds,
Walnuts etc.
S.No. Micronutrients Deficiency Treatment
1 Vitamin A
Source– Milk, butter,
liver and fish liver oils,
eggyolk, carrots, sweet
potatoes, spinach etc.
RDA–
Retinol- 600 g/day
carotene- 4800 g/d
(Retinol is vitamin A,
and carotene is a
precursor of vitamin A)
Eyes
• Nyctalopia
• Xerophthalmia
Conjunctival
xerosis
Bitot’s spot
Corneal
ulceration with
xerosis
Skin
• Xerosis
• Phrynoderma
(toad skin)
• Follicular papules
• Tab. Vit. A
(Retinol)
50,000 IU
• Inj. Aquasol-
A 50,000 IU
per 2ml
• Multivitamin
capsules or
syrup
For eyes
• Soframycin
eye ointment
• Atropine
eyedrops
2 Vitamin D
(vit.D3-cholecalciferol)
Source– Milk, egg yolk,
butter, yeast, liver, fish
liver oil, synthesis in the
skin when irradiated.
RDA– 400 IU(10 g/d)
In children
• Rickets
• Tetany
In adults
• Osteomalacia
• Inj. Vit. D3
• Oral calcirol
sachets (one
sachet- 60,000
IU) with milk
• Calcimax
250 mg tab.
3 Vitamin E
(Tocopherol)
Source – Vegetable oil,
sunflower oil, egg yolk,
butter, maize, molasses,
peas etc.
RDA– 8 to 10 mg/day
• Skin
Erythematous
popular eruptions
• Anemia in
premature infants
• Ataxia
• Muscle weakness
• Retinopathy
• Vitamin E
400 mg
capsules
( Tocopherol-
acetate )
44 Chikitsa
S.No. Macronutrients Deficiency Treatment
2 Carbohydrates
Source– Whole grain cereals,
bread, potatoes, peas,
beans, lentils, vegetables,
and fruits; while refined carbs
include sugar sweetened
drinks, fruit juices, pastries,
pasta, white rice etc.
RDA– 225 to 325 g /day
( 2400 kcal energy for men
and 2000 kcal for women is
needed per day and
approximately 45 to 55% of
diet should be
carbohydrates. 1 g carbs= 4
kcal / 1 g proteins = 4 kcal / 1
g fats= 9 kcal )
Hypoglycemia
Hunger
Sweating
Fainting
Confusion
Slurred
speech
Ketosis
Mental fatigue
Bad breath
Nausea
Headache
Painful
swelling of
the joints
If mild-
3-4 tsf of sugar or
chocolate, or
glucose tablets
If moderate-
Glucose water, or
fruit juice
If severe-
25-50 ml 25-50%
IV Dextrose, or
Inj. Glucagon 1
mg SC or IM
Advice
Carbs-rich
diet
3 Fats
Source– Cheese, butter,
cream, whole milk, meat,
coconut oil, palm oil etc.
Essential fatty acid occurs
naturally in whole grain
cereal, seeds and nuts.
RDA– 25 g /day
• Scaly
dermatitis
• Dry, scaly,
flaky, dull, or
bumpy skin
• Dry, brittle, or
lusterless
hairs
• Alopecia
• Thrombocyto-
penia
• Advice
Essential fatty
acids - rich diet
Flax-seeds,
Soybeans,
Seafood,
Ghee, Milk,
Almonds,
Walnuts etc.
S.No. Micronutrients Deficiency Treatment
1 Vitamin A
Source– Milk, butter,
liver and fish liver oils,
eggyolk, carrots, sweet
potatoes, spinach etc.
RDA–
Retinol- 600 g/day
carotene- 4800 g/d
(Retinol is vitamin A,
and carotene is a
precursor of vitamin A)
Eyes
• Nyctalopia
• Xerophthalmia
Conjunctival
xerosis
Bitot’s spot
Corneal
ulceration with
xerosis
Skin
• Xerosis
• Phrynoderma
(toad skin)
• Follicular papules
• Tab. Vit. A
(Retinol)
50,000 IU
• Inj. Aquasol-
A 50,000 IU
per 2ml
• Multivitamin
capsules or
syrup
For eyes
• Soframycin
eye ointment
• Atropine
eyedrops
2 Vitamin D
(vit.D3-cholecalciferol)
Source– Milk, egg yolk,
butter, yeast, liver, fish
liver oil, synthesis in the
skin when irradiated.
RDA– 400 IU(10 g/d)
In children
• Rickets
• Tetany
In adults
• Osteomalacia
• Inj. Vit. D3
• Oral calcirol
sachets (one
sachet- 60,000
IU) with milk
• Calcimax
250 mg tab.
3 Vitamin E
(Tocopherol)
Source – Vegetable oil,
sunflower oil, egg yolk,
butter, maize, molasses,
peas etc.
RDA– 8 to 10 mg/day
• Skin
Erythematous
popular eruptions
• Anemia in
premature infants
• Ataxia
• Muscle weakness
• Retinopathy
• Vitamin E
400 mg
capsules
( Tocopherol-
acetate )
Rabin Singh
45 Chikitsa
S.No. Micronutrients Deficiency Treatment
4 Vitamin K
Source– K1–
Vegetables, spinach,
tomatoes, fruits
K2– Synthesized by
bacteria in intestine.
RDA– 55 g/day
• Elevated prothrombin
time (Delayed clotting
time) & bleeding
• Skin Intracutaneous
hemorrhage, purpura
and ecchymosis.
• Vitamin K
injection
SC / IM /
slow IV
• Oral Vit. K
in multivitamin
tab / cap / pwd
5 Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
Source– Whole grain
cereals, rice, wheat,
yeast, meat etc.
RDA– 1.2 mg/day
• Beriberi
Wet beriberi
Dry beriberi
• Muscle weakness
• Peripheral neuropathy
• Tab Berin
(100 mg)
• Inj. Berin
• Cap. Vit. B
complex
6 Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
Source– Sprouted
grains, germinating
seeds, green
vegetables, milk, egg,
liver, kidney etc.
RDA– 1.4 mg/day
• Angular stomatitis
• Glossitis
• Dermatitis
• Blurred vision
• Tab.
Riboflavin
5 mg BD
• Inj.
Riboflavin
• Cap. Vit. B
complex
7 Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
Source– Liver, kidney,
meat, poultry, fish,
legumes, rice etc.
RDA– 16 mg/day
• Pellagra
characterized by –
D3 - Diarrhea
Dermatitis
Dementia
• Rx
Tab. Niacin-
amide 300 to
500 mg, or
B complex
• Avoid
sunshine
• Apply
soothing lotion
to skin
S.No. Micronutrients Deficiency Treatment
8 Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
Source– Whole grains,
legumes, milk, liver,
meat etc.
RDA– 2 mg/day
• Dermatitis
• Glossitis
• Microcytic anemia
• Weakened immunity
• Inj. Pyrido-
xine 100 mg
stat
• Tab Pyri-
doxine 10
mg BD
9 Vitamin B12
(Cyanocobalamin)
Source – Only animal
sources such as milk,
liver, kidney, meat,
fish, egg etc.
RDA– 1 g/day
• Macrocytic anemia
(megaloblastic
anemia)
• Stomatitis
• Glossitis
• Neuropathy
• Reduced sensation
of touch
• Tingling feet
• Inj.
Cyanocobala-
min, Hydroxo-
cobalamin
• Cap. or
Syrup of Vit. B
complex, or
Multivitamins
10 Folic acid
(Folate / Vitamin B9)
Source – Dairy
products, liver, meat,
fruits, cereals etc.
RDA– 200 g/day
Dietary Folate
• Megaloblastic anemia
• Pallor
• Fatigue
• Stomatitis
• Tab. Folic
acid 5 mg
alone or with
combination of
iron or other
vitamins
11 Vitamin C
(Ascorbic acid)
Source – Only
vegetables – Citrus
fruits, goose berry,
lemon, orange etc.
RDA– 40 mg/day
• Scurvy
Bleeding gums
Bruising
Rash
Fatigue
Weight loss
• Inj. Vt. C
• Tab Vt. C
500 mg
• Vit.C drops
for infants
• Amla &
Citrus fruits
45 Chikitsa
S.No. Micronutrients Deficiency Treatment
4 Vitamin K
Source– K1–
Vegetables, spinach,
tomatoes, fruits
K2– Synthesized by
bacteria in intestine.
RDA– 55 g/day
• Elevated prothrombin
time (Delayed clotting
time) & bleeding
• Skin Intracutaneous
hemorrhage, purpura
and ecchymosis.
• Vitamin K
injection
SC / IM /
slow IV
• Oral Vit. K
in multivitamin
tab / cap / pwd
5 Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
Source– Whole grain
cereals, rice, wheat,
yeast, meat etc.
RDA– 1.2 mg/day
• Beriberi
Wet beriberi
Dry beriberi
• Muscle weakness
• Peripheral neuropathy
• Tab Berin
(100 mg)
• Inj. Berin
• Cap. Vit. B
complex
6 Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
Source– Sprouted
grains, germinating
seeds, green
vegetables, milk, egg,
liver, kidney etc.
RDA– 1.4 mg/day
• Angular stomatitis
• Glossitis
• Dermatitis
• Blurred vision
• Tab.
Riboflavin
5 mg BD
• Inj.
Riboflavin
• Cap. Vit. B
complex
7 Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
Source– Liver, kidney,
meat, poultry, fish,
legumes, rice etc.
RDA– 16 mg/day
• Pellagra
characterized by –
D3 - Diarrhea
Dermatitis
Dementia
• Rx
Tab. Niacin-
amide 300 to
500 mg, or
B complex
• Avoid
sunshine
• Apply
soothing lotion
to skin
S.No. Micronutrients Deficiency Treatment
8 Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
Source– Whole grains,
legumes, milk, liver,
meat etc.
RDA– 2 mg/day
• Dermatitis
• Glossitis
• Microcytic anemia
• Weakened immunity
• Inj. Pyrido-
xine 100 mg
stat
• Tab Pyri-
doxine 10
mg BD
9 Vitamin B12
(Cyanocobalamin)
Source – Only animal
sources such as milk,
liver, kidney, meat,
fish, egg etc.
RDA– 1 g/day
• Macrocytic anemia
(megaloblastic
anemia)
• Stomatitis
• Glossitis
• Neuropathy
• Reduced sensation
of touch
• Tingling feet
• Inj.
Cyanocobala-
min, Hydroxo-
cobalamin
• Cap. or
Syrup of Vit. B
complex, or
Multivitamins
10 Folic acid
(Folate / Vitamin B9)
Source – Dairy
products, liver, meat,
fruits, cereals etc.
RDA– 200 g/day
Dietary Folate
• Megaloblastic anemia
• Pallor
• Fatigue
• Stomatitis
• Tab. Folic
acid 5 mg
alone or with
combination of
iron or other
vitamins
11 Vitamin C
(Ascorbic acid)
Source – Only
vegetables – Citrus
fruits, goose berry,
lemon, orange etc.
RDA– 40 mg/day
• Scurvy
Bleeding gums
Bruising
Rash
Fatigue
Weight loss
• Inj. Vt. C
• Tab Vt. C
500 mg
• Vit.C drops
for infants
• Amla &
Citrus fruits
Rabin Singh
46 Chikitsa
S.No. Minerals Deficiency Treatment
1 Calcium (Ca)
Source– Milk, cheese,
yogurt, soy beans, lentils,
millets, nuts, fish etc.
RDA– 600 mg/day
( For children 800 mg/day &
For pregnant and lactating
woman 1200 mg/day )
• Hypocalcemia
• Tetany
• Muscle cramps
• Weak and
brittle nails
• Osteoporosis
• Inj. Calcium
gluconate
• Calcium
gluconate IV
• Tab Calcium
& vit D3
• Calcium rich
diet
2 Phosphorus (P)
Source– Milk, beans, lentils,
millets, nuts, pumpkin
seeds, chicken, fish etc.
RDA– 600 mg/day
• Hypo-
phosphatemia
• Rickets
• Osteomalacia
• Osteoporosis
• Phosphorus
supplement
orally or IV
• Vitamin D
supplement
3 Iron (Fe)
Source– Spinach, beetroot,
gooseberry (amla), dates,
pomegranates, raisins,
seeds, lentils, meat, fish etc.
RDA– 17 to 21 mg/day
( For pregnant women- 35
mg of iron per day )
• Iron deficiency
anemia
• Pallor
• Dyspnea
• Tachycardia
• Dizziness
• Fatigue
• Tab ferrous
sulfate / fumarate
• If oral iron is
not tolerated
Inj. Imferon (Iron
dextran)
• Advice iron-
rich diet
4 Iodine (I)
Source– Iodized salt, dairy
products, peas, beans,
seafood, meat, eggs etc.
RDA– 150 g/day
( One teaspoon of iodized
salt contains approximately
400 g iodine. )
• Goiter
• Hypothyroidism
• Unexpected
weight gain
• Hypothermia
• Sensitivity to
cold
• Tab. Levo-
thyroxine 50
g (0.05 mg)
• Radioactive
iodine
• Surgery
5 Zinc (Zn)
Source– Meat, seafood,
pomegranates,
legumes, seeds, nuts,
dairy products, eggs,
whole grains etc.
RDA– 12 mg/day
• Thinning or loss of
hairs (alopecia)
• Eczema
• Xerosis
• Low immunity
• Diarrhea
• Weight loss
• Zinc supple-
ments
• Multivitamin
capsules or
syrup
6 Magnesium (Mg)
Source– whole wheat,
spinach, almonds,
cashews, peanuts,
banana etc.
RDA– 340 mg/day
• Muscle twitching
and cramps
• Fatigue and
muscle weakness
• Mental disorders
• Osteoporosis
• Oral
magnesium
supplements
• IV Fluids
(Electrolytes)
• Diet
7 Sodium (Na)
Source– Table salt,
pickles, soy sauce,
beets, carrots, spinach,
sweet potatoes etc.
RDA– 1.6 g sodium, or
4 g salt (2.54 g salt
contains 1 g sodium)
• Hyponatremia
• Tremors
• Muscle weakness
• Fatigue
• Headache
• Intake of less
water orally
• IV Fluid
(Normal saline)
• Treat the
underlying
cause
Emaciation
Emaciation is a state of extreme leanness. It is not a disease, but is an
important symptom of various disorders.
Etiology Malnutrition – Diseases of GIT – Marasmus – Addison’s
disease – TB – Anorexia nervosa – Cancer – Diabetes – Hyperthyroidism
– Chronic diarrhoea – Parasites – Insomnia – Starvation – AIDS etc.
Management To treat underlying cause – Symptomatic management
– Nutritious and easily digestabe diet – Nutritional supplements etc.
46 Chikitsa
S.No. Minerals Deficiency Treatment
1 Calcium (Ca)
Source– Milk, cheese,
yogurt, soy beans, lentils,
millets, nuts, fish etc.
RDA– 600 mg/day
( For children 800 mg/day &
For pregnant and lactating
woman 1200 mg/day )
• Hypocalcemia
• Tetany
• Muscle cramps
• Weak and
brittle nails
• Osteoporosis
• Inj. Calcium
gluconate
• Calcium
gluconate IV
• Tab Calcium
& vit D3
• Calcium rich
diet
2 Phosphorus (P)
Source– Milk, beans, lentils,
millets, nuts, pumpkin
seeds, chicken, fish etc.
RDA– 600 mg/day
• Hypo-
phosphatemia
• Rickets
• Osteomalacia
• Osteoporosis
• Phosphorus
supplement
orally or IV
• Vitamin D
supplement
3 Iron (Fe)
Source– Spinach, beetroot,
gooseberry (amla), dates,
pomegranates, raisins,
seeds, lentils, meat, fish etc.
RDA– 17 to 21 mg/day
( For pregnant women- 35
mg of iron per day )
• Iron deficiency
anemia
• Pallor
• Dyspnea
• Tachycardia
• Dizziness
• Fatigue
• Tab ferrous
sulfate / fumarate
• If oral iron is
not tolerated
Inj. Imferon (Iron
dextran)
• Advice iron-
rich diet
4 Iodine (I)
Source– Iodized salt, dairy
products, peas, beans,
seafood, meat, eggs etc.
RDA– 150 g/day
( One teaspoon of iodized
salt contains approximately
400 g iodine. )
• Goiter
• Hypothyroidism
• Unexpected
weight gain
• Hypothermia
• Sensitivity to
cold
• Tab. Levo-
thyroxine 50
g (0.05 mg)
• Radioactive
iodine
• Surgery
5 Zinc (Zn)
Source– Meat, seafood,
pomegranates,
legumes, seeds, nuts,
dairy products, eggs,
whole grains etc.
RDA– 12 mg/day
• Thinning or loss of
hairs (alopecia)
• Eczema
• Xerosis
• Low immunity
• Diarrhea
• Weight loss
• Zinc supple-
ments
• Multivitamin
capsules or
syrup
6 Magnesium (Mg)
Source– whole wheat,
spinach, almonds,
cashews, peanuts,
banana etc.
RDA– 340 mg/day
• Muscle twitching
and cramps
• Fatigue and
muscle weakness
• Mental disorders
• Osteoporosis
• Oral
magnesium
supplements
• IV Fluids
(Electrolytes)
• Diet
7 Sodium (Na)
Source– Table salt,
pickles, soy sauce,
beets, carrots, spinach,
sweet potatoes etc.
RDA– 1.6 g sodium, or
4 g salt (2.54 g salt
contains 1 g sodium)
• Hyponatremia
• Tremors
• Muscle weakness
• Fatigue
• Headache
• Intake of less
water orally
• IV Fluid
(Normal saline)
• Treat the
underlying
cause
Emaciation
Emaciation is a state of extreme leanness. It is not a disease, but is an
important symptom of various disorders.
Etiology Malnutrition – Diseases of GIT – Marasmus – Addison’s
disease – TB – Anorexia nervosa – Cancer – Diabetes – Hyperthyroidism
– Chronic diarrhoea – Parasites – Insomnia – Starvation – AIDS etc.
Management To treat underlying cause – Symptomatic management
– Nutritious and easily digestabe diet – Nutritional supplements etc.
Rabin Singh
47 Chikitsa
Obesity
Obesity describes a weight of 120% or above. Obesity is often
expressed in terms of body mass index (BMI), but pathophysiologically
may be considered to be present when sufficient body fat has
accumulated to adversely affect health.
BMI is calculated by measuring an individual’s weight in kg, and dividing
his/her height in meters square
Weight in kilograms kg
BMI = =
(Height in meters)
2
m
2
WHO classification of overweight
Classification BMI (kg/m
2
) Associated health risk
Underweight
< 18.5
Low (but risk of other
problems increased)
Normal 18.5 - 24.9 Average
Overweight
Pre-obese
Obese class I
Obese class II
Obese class III
25 - 29.9
30 - 34.9
35 - 39.9
> 40
Increased
Moderately increased
Severely increased
Very severely increased
Etiology
Over eating – Lack of exercise – Hereditary predisposition or idiopathic
or genetic obesity – Endocrinal factors (Hypothyroidism, Cushing’s
syndrome, PCOD / PCOS, Tumours, Puberty adiposity, Post-
menopause, Pregnancy etc.)
Systemic effects of obesity
1. Cardiovascular system Coronary artery disease , or Ischemic
heart disease (IHD) – Hyertension – Varicose veins – Pedal edema
2. Respiratory system Breathlessness etc.
3. Gastrointestinal system Hiatus hernia – Gallstones – Gall bladder
diseases – Pancreatitis – Constipation etc.
4. Joints Gout – Osteoarthritis – Backacke etc.
5. Pregnancy Neural tube defect – Perinatal mortality – Pre-
eclampsia – Gestational diabetets – Preterm labour – DVT etc.
6. Endocrine and Metabolic NIDDM – Hyperlipidemia – Hirsutism –
Menstrual irregularities – Menorrhagia – Impotency etc.
7. Skin Excess sweating – Dermal and sweat rashes etc.
8. Psychosocial Psychosocial and emotional stress
Investigations Lipid profile, Blood sugar, Hormonal assay, USG, BMI,
Measurement of body fat with Skinfold Calipers / DEXA scan /
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis etc.
Management
Exercise Extra calories should be burnt with exercises unless
there is medical contraindication.
Diet 800 to 900 kcal daily with restricted diet – Bulkiness of food is
important as the patient needs to be satiated, dietary fibers, salad,
sprouts, oats, and protein-rich but low carbs diet with honey-water or
warm water in the morning and metabolic booster herbs.
Hormonal therapy (to treat endocrine diseases, if present)
Use of appetite suppressants & Psychotherapy
Surgery (if required)
47 Chikitsa
Obesity
Obesity describes a weight of 120% or above. Obesity is often
expressed in terms of body mass index (BMI), but pathophysiologically
may be considered to be present when sufficient body fat has
accumulated to adversely affect health.
BMI is calculated by measuring an individual’s weight in kg, and dividing
his/her height in meters square
Weight in kilograms kg
BMI = =
(Height in meters)
2
m
2
WHO classification of overweight
Classification BMI (kg/m
2
) Associated health risk
Underweight
< 18.5
Low (but risk of other
problems increased)
Normal 18.5 - 24.9 Average
Overweight
Pre-obese
Obese class I
Obese class II
Obese class III
25 - 29.9
30 - 34.9
35 - 39.9
> 40
Increased
Moderately increased
Severely increased
Very severely increased
Etiology
Over eating – Lack of exercise – Hereditary predisposition or idiopathic
or genetic obesity – Endocrinal factors (Hypothyroidism, Cushing’s
syndrome, PCOD / PCOS, Tumours, Puberty adiposity, Post-
menopause, Pregnancy etc.)
Systemic effects of obesity
1. Cardiovascular system Coronary artery disease , or Ischemic
heart disease (IHD) – Hyertension – Varicose veins – Pedal edema
2. Respiratory system Breathlessness etc.
3. Gastrointestinal system Hiatus hernia – Gallstones – Gall bladder
diseases – Pancreatitis – Constipation etc.
4. Joints Gout – Osteoarthritis – Backacke etc.
5. Pregnancy Neural tube defect – Perinatal mortality – Pre-
eclampsia – Gestational diabetets – Preterm labour – DVT etc.
6. Endocrine and Metabolic NIDDM – Hyperlipidemia – Hirsutism –
Menstrual irregularities – Menorrhagia – Impotency etc.
7. Skin Excess sweating – Dermal and sweat rashes etc.
8. Psychosocial Psychosocial and emotional stress
Investigations Lipid profile, Blood sugar, Hormonal assay, USG, BMI,
Measurement of body fat with Skinfold Calipers / DEXA scan /
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis etc.
Management
Exercise Extra calories should be burnt with exercises unless
there is medical contraindication.
Diet 800 to 900 kcal daily with restricted diet – Bulkiness of food is
important as the patient needs to be satiated, dietary fibers, salad,
sprouts, oats, and protein-rich but low carbs diet with honey-water or
warm water in the morning and metabolic booster herbs.
Hormonal therapy (to treat endocrine diseases, if present)
Use of appetite suppressants & Psychotherapy
Surgery (if required)
Rabin Singh
48 Chikitsa
वाधध�यज�य चवकार
The branch of medicine dealing with the health and care of old people is
known as Geriatrics (जरा चिकक�सा – a branch of अ�ांग आयुवेद).
आिायध िरक has considered more than 60 years of age as जीणध or जराव�था,
while आिायध सु�ुत mentioned 70 years of age. जराव�था is वात-�धान and
also known as हीनाव�था. जरा (aging) is one among �वा ाचवक �ाचध.
वाधध�यज�य चवकार refers to diseases of elderly (Loss of physical and
mental abilities in old age is termed as senile). The diseases which are
produced due to aging are called वाधध�यज�य चवकार.
For example – खाचल�य (Baldness), पाचल�य (Greying of hair), इच�िय दौबध�यता
(Visual and hearing impairments, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s
disease etc.), चतचमर or हलंगनाश (Cataract), उ� रििाप (Hypertension),
सच�धवात (Osteoarthritis), अच�थसौशीयध (Osteoporosis), �ल �य (Impotency),
Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular diseases, Urinary incontinence, Type-2
Diabetes, Cancer etc.
General principles of geriatric care
The following principles help in caring for older adults
1. Many disorders are multifactorial in origin and are best managed by
multifactorial interventions.
2. Diseases often present atypically.
3. Not all abnormalities require evaluation and treatment.
4. Complex medication regimens, adherence problems, and
polypharmacy are common challenges.
In Ayurveda वृि रोगी is contraindicated for संशोधन चिकक�सा. They can be
treated with अ�यंग, मृदु �वेद and बृंहण बच�त, followed by संशमन चिकक�सा with
proper assessment of रोगी-रोग बल and अचनबल.
रसायन-वाजीकरण �योग is best for improving �मृचत-मेधा-अचन-देह-इच�ियबल, it
also delays the aging, e.g., �यवन�ाश, �� रसायन, मे�य रसायन, चशलाजतु etc.
इच�िय�दोषज चवकार
इच�ियाचण समाच��य �कु�यच�त यदा मला� ।
उपघातोपतापा�यां योजय�तीच�ियाचण ते ॥ (ि.सू.28/19)
When the vitiated doshas get localized in sense organs, इच�िय �दोषज
चवकार is produced that results in either उपघात (destruction) or उपताप
(diseases) of sense organs.
इच�िय �दोषज चवकार
1. इच�िय उपघात – destruction or complete damage of sense organs
e.g. हलंगनाश, �ाणनाश, बाचधयध, �पशाध�ान etc.
2. इच�िय उपताप – diseases or partial damage of sense organs
e.g. पूयालस, अमध, अच �य�द, कणधशूल, कणध�वेड, �चत�याय, नासा अशध etc.
इच�िय �दोष चिकक�सा
चनदान पररवजधन
शरीर शोधन
शमनौषचध �योग
�थाचनक चिकक�सा
�चतसारण, सेक, आ�योतन, अंजन, चवडालक etc. for ने�रोग
��ालन, �माजधन, कणधधूपन, कणधपूरण etc. for कणधरोग
��ालन, न�य, धूम etc. for नासारोग
�चतसारण, धूम, कवल-ग�डूष etc. for चज�वारोग
�लेप, �देह, रिमो�ण etc. for �वकरोग
शि चिकक�सा ( ेदन / छेदन/ लेखन / �धन)
प�याप�य पालन
“नासा चह चशरसो िारं” For all types of diseases of sense organs, न�य कमध is
the best treatment, as the नासा (nostrils) are gateway of चशरस् (head-
region) and चशरस् is the seat of all the sense organs.
A physician should use both सवधद चहक & �थाचनक चिकक�सा to cure the इच�िय
�दोषज चवकार.
48 Chikitsa
वाधध�यज�य चवकार
The branch of medicine dealing with the health and care of old people is
known as Geriatrics (जरा चिकक�सा – a branch of अ�ांग आयुवेद).
आिायध िरक has considered more than 60 years of age as जीणध or जराव�था,
while आिायध सु�ुत mentioned 70 years of age. जराव�था is वात-�धान and
also known as हीनाव�था. जरा (aging) is one among �वा ाचवक �ाचध.
वाधध�यज�य चवकार refers to diseases of elderly (Loss of physical and
mental abilities in old age is termed as senile). The diseases which are
produced due to aging are called वाधध�यज�य चवकार.
For example – खाचल�य (Baldness), पाचल�य (Greying of hair), इच�िय दौबध�यता
(Visual and hearing impairments, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s
disease etc.), चतचमर or हलंगनाश (Cataract), उ� रििाप (Hypertension),
सच�धवात (Osteoarthritis), अच�थसौशीयध (Osteoporosis), �ल �य (Impotency),
Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular diseases, Urinary incontinence, Type-2
Diabetes, Cancer etc.
General principles of geriatric care
The following principles help in caring for older adults
1. Many disorders are multifactorial in origin and are best managed by
multifactorial interventions.
2. Diseases often present atypically.
3. Not all abnormalities require evaluation and treatment.
4. Complex medication regimens, adherence problems, and
polypharmacy are common challenges.
In Ayurveda वृि रोगी is contraindicated for संशोधन चिकक�सा. They can be
treated with अ�यंग, मृदु �वेद and बृंहण बच�त, followed by संशमन चिकक�सा with
proper assessment of रोगी-रोग बल and अचनबल.
रसायन-वाजीकरण �योग is best for improving �मृचत-मेधा-अचन-देह-इच�ियबल, it
also delays the aging, e.g., �यवन�ाश, �� रसायन, मे�य रसायन, चशलाजतु etc.
इच�िय�दोषज चवकार
इच�ियाचण समाच��य �कु�यच�त यदा मला� ।
उपघातोपतापा�यां योजय�तीच�ियाचण ते ॥ (ि.सू.28/19)
When the vitiated doshas get localized in sense organs, इच�िय �दोषज
चवकार is produced that results in either उपघात (destruction) or उपताप
(diseases) of sense organs.
इच�िय �दोषज चवकार
1. इच�िय उपघात – destruction or complete damage of sense organs
e.g. हलंगनाश, �ाणनाश, बाचधयध, �पशाध�ान etc.
2. इच�िय उपताप – diseases or partial damage of sense organs
e.g. पूयालस, अमध, अच �य�द, कणधशूल, कणध�वेड, �चत�याय, नासा अशध etc.
इच�िय �दोष चिकक�सा
चनदान पररवजधन
शरीर शोधन
शमनौषचध �योग
�थाचनक चिकक�सा
�चतसारण, सेक, आ�योतन, अंजन, चवडालक etc. for ने�रोग
��ालन, �माजधन, कणधधूपन, कणधपूरण etc. for कणधरोग
��ालन, न�य, धूम etc. for नासारोग
�चतसारण, धूम, कवल-ग�डूष etc. for चज�वारोग
�लेप, �देह, रिमो�ण etc. for �वकरोग
शि चिकक�सा ( ेदन / छेदन/ लेखन / �धन)
प�याप�य पालन
“नासा चह चशरसो िारं” For all types of diseases of sense organs, न�य कमध is
the best treatment, as the नासा (nostrils) are gateway of चशरस् (head-
region) and चशरस् is the seat of all the sense organs.
A physician should use both सवधद चहक & �थाचनक चिकक�सा to cure the इच�िय
�दोषज चवकार.
Rabin Singh
49 Chikitsa
Alzheimer’s disease
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the commonest type of dementia. It is
neuro-degenerative diseases that usually occurs after the age of 65
years, and is, therefore, considered senile dementia.
Dementia is chronic brain disorder in which there is progressive decline
in acquired intellect, behavior and personality.
Etiology
Age – After 65 years of age, the incidence approximately doubles for
every 5-year increase in age; at least until age 90 years. The
incidence is similar in men and women but the prevalence is greater
in women.
Genetics - About 70% of the risk is believed to be genetic with many
genes usually involved.
Other risk factors include a history of head injuries, depression, or
hypertension. The disease process is associated with plaques and
tangles in the brain.
Clinical Features
Cognitive symptoms The most common early symptom is difficulty
in remembering recent events i.e. short-term memory loss. Patients
have difficulty learning and retaining new information. Other cognitive
defects include anomia, aphasia, apraxia, agnosia etc.
Non-cognitive symptoms As the disease advances, symptoms can
include problems with thought (delusion of theft, infidelity and
abandonment), disorders of perception (auditory, visual and other
hallucinations), misidentifications, disorientation (including easily
getting lost), mood swings, aggression or depression etc.
Investigations CT scan, MRI, PET scan etc.
Management
There is no cure for Alzheimer’s disease; available treatments offer
relatively small symptomatic benefit but remain palliative in nature.
Current treatments can be divided into pharmaceutical, psychosocial and
caregiving.
1. To treat the cognitive problems
(a) Acetyl-cholinesterase inhibitors:
Tacrine
Rivastigmine
Galantamine
Donepezil
(b) NMDA receptor antagonist:
Memantine hydrochloride
2. To treat non-cognitive symptoms
(a) Non-pharmacological treatment, particularly if symptoms not
severe. Assessment of clear precipitants (e.g. suboptimal
propting, personal care or toileting), social interaction, activity,
and exercise.
(b) In depression – Non-tricyclic antidepressants (e.g. selective
serotonin re-uptake inhibitors, trazodone, escitalopram)
(c) In psychosis – Atypical antisychotics (e.g. risperidone,
olanzapine)
Ayurvedic management Elderly persons should be kept happy and
family members should care and obey them. Vaidya should use मे�य
रसायन & वय�थापन ि� to keep elderly patient healthy, e.g. �ा�ी घृत,
�मृचतसागर रस, सार�वतारर�, अ�ग�धारर�, �यवन�ाश, �वणध �म etc.
49 Chikitsa
Alzheimer’s disease
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the commonest type of dementia. It is
neuro-degenerative diseases that usually occurs after the age of 65
years, and is, therefore, considered senile dementia.
Dementia is chronic brain disorder in which there is progressive decline
in acquired intellect, behavior and personality.
Etiology
Age – After 65 years of age, the incidence approximately doubles for
every 5-year increase in age; at least until age 90 years. The
incidence is similar in men and women but the prevalence is greater
in women.
Genetics - About 70% of the risk is believed to be genetic with many
genes usually involved.
Other risk factors include a history of head injuries, depression, or
hypertension. The disease process is associated with plaques and
tangles in the brain.
Clinical Features
Cognitive symptoms The most common early symptom is difficulty
in remembering recent events i.e. short-term memory loss. Patients
have difficulty learning and retaining new information. Other cognitive
defects include anomia, aphasia, apraxia, agnosia etc.
Non-cognitive symptoms As the disease advances, symptoms can
include problems with thought (delusion of theft, infidelity and
abandonment), disorders of perception (auditory, visual and other
hallucinations), misidentifications, disorientation (including easily
getting lost), mood swings, aggression or depression etc.
Investigations CT scan, MRI, PET scan etc.
Management
There is no cure for Alzheimer’s disease; available treatments offer
relatively small symptomatic benefit but remain palliative in nature.
Current treatments can be divided into pharmaceutical, psychosocial and
caregiving.
1. To treat the cognitive problems
(a) Acetyl-cholinesterase inhibitors:
Tacrine
Rivastigmine
Galantamine
Donepezil
(b) NMDA receptor antagonist:
Memantine hydrochloride
2. To treat non-cognitive symptoms
(a) Non-pharmacological treatment, particularly if symptoms not
severe. Assessment of clear precipitants (e.g. suboptimal
propting, personal care or toileting), social interaction, activity,
and exercise.
(b) In depression – Non-tricyclic antidepressants (e.g. selective
serotonin re-uptake inhibitors, trazodone, escitalopram)
(c) In psychosis – Atypical antisychotics (e.g. risperidone,
olanzapine)
Ayurvedic management Elderly persons should be kept happy and
family members should care and obey them. Vaidya should use मे�य
रसायन & वय�थापन ि� to keep elderly patient healthy, e.g. �ा�ी घृत,
�मृचतसागर रस, सार�वतारर�, अ�ग�धारर�, �यवन�ाश, �वणध �म etc.
Rabin Singh
50 Chikitsa
Sleep disorders
A sleep disorder, or somnipathy, is a medical disorder of the sleep
patterns of a person. Some sleep disorders are serious enough to
interfere with normal physical, mental, social and emotional functioning.
Sleep disorders are broadly classified into dyssomnias, parasomnias,
and circadian rhythm sleep disorders.
Dyssomnias A broad category of sleep disorders characterized by
either hypersomnia or insomnia. The 3 major subcategories include:
a. Intrinsic (i.e., arising from within the body),
b. Extrinsic (secondary to environmental conditions or various
pathologic conditions), and
c. Disturbances of circadian rhythm
Insomnia disorder (primary insomnia), chronic difficulty in falling
asleep and/or maintaining sleep when no other cause is found for
these symptoms. Insomnia can also be comorbid with or
secondary to other disorders.
Primary hypersomnia Hypersomnia of central or brain origin.
a. Narcolepsy: A chronic neurological disorder, which is caused by
the brain's inability to control sleep and wakefulness.
b. Idiopathic hypersomnia: a chronic neurological disease in which
there is an increased amount of fatigue and sleep during the day.
Patients who suffer from idiopathic hypersomnia cannot obtain a
healthy amount of sleep for a regular day of activities. This
hinders the patients' ability to perform well, and patients have to
deal with this for the rest of their lives.
Recurrent hypersomnia – including Kleine-Levin syndrome
Posttraumatic hypersomnia
Menstrual-related hypersomnia
Sleep disordered breathing (SDB), including (non exhaustive)
a. Several types of Sleep apnea
b. Snoring
c. Upper airway resistance syndrome
Restless leg syndrome
Periodic limb movement disorder
Circadian rhythm sleep disorders
Delayed sleep phase disorder
Advanced sleep phase disorder
Non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder
Parasomnias A category of sleep disorders that involve abnormal
and unnatural movements, behaviors, emotions, perceptions, and
dreams in connection with sleep.
Bedwetting or sleep enuresis
Bruxism (Tooth-grinding)
Catathrenia – nocturnal groaning
Sleep terror (or Pavor nocturnus)- Characterized by a sudden
arousal from deep sleep with a scream or cry, accompanied by
some behavioral manifestations of intense fear.
REM sleep behaviour disorder
Sleepwalking (or somnambulism)
Sleep talking (or somniloquy)
Sleep sex (or sexsomnia)
Etiology Factors that can cause sleep problems include Physical
disturbances (e.g. pain from ulcers), Medical issues (e.g. asthma),
Psychiatric disorders (e.g. stress, depression, and anxiety disorders),
Environmental issues (e.g. alcohol use), Genetics, Night shift work etc.
50 Chikitsa
Sleep disorders
A sleep disorder, or somnipathy, is a medical disorder of the sleep
patterns of a person. Some sleep disorders are serious enough to
interfere with normal physical, mental, social and emotional functioning.
Sleep disorders are broadly classified into dyssomnias, parasomnias,
and circadian rhythm sleep disorders.
Dyssomnias A broad category of sleep disorders characterized by
either hypersomnia or insomnia. The 3 major subcategories include:
a. Intrinsic (i.e., arising from within the body),
b. Extrinsic (secondary to environmental conditions or various
pathologic conditions), and
c. Disturbances of circadian rhythm
Insomnia disorder (primary insomnia), chronic difficulty in falling
asleep and/or maintaining sleep when no other cause is found for
these symptoms. Insomnia can also be comorbid with or
secondary to other disorders.
Primary hypersomnia Hypersomnia of central or brain origin.
a. Narcolepsy: A chronic neurological disorder, which is caused by
the brain's inability to control sleep and wakefulness.
b. Idiopathic hypersomnia: a chronic neurological disease in which
there is an increased amount of fatigue and sleep during the day.
Patients who suffer from idiopathic hypersomnia cannot obtain a
healthy amount of sleep for a regular day of activities. This
hinders the patients' ability to perform well, and patients have to
deal with this for the rest of their lives.
Recurrent hypersomnia – including Kleine-Levin syndrome
Posttraumatic hypersomnia
Menstrual-related hypersomnia
Sleep disordered breathing (SDB), including (non exhaustive)
a. Several types of Sleep apnea
b. Snoring
c. Upper airway resistance syndrome
Restless leg syndrome
Periodic limb movement disorder
Circadian rhythm sleep disorders
Delayed sleep phase disorder
Advanced sleep phase disorder
Non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder
Parasomnias A category of sleep disorders that involve abnormal
and unnatural movements, behaviors, emotions, perceptions, and
dreams in connection with sleep.
Bedwetting or sleep enuresis
Bruxism (Tooth-grinding)
Catathrenia – nocturnal groaning
Sleep terror (or Pavor nocturnus)- Characterized by a sudden
arousal from deep sleep with a scream or cry, accompanied by
some behavioral manifestations of intense fear.
REM sleep behaviour disorder
Sleepwalking (or somnambulism)
Sleep talking (or somniloquy)
Sleep sex (or sexsomnia)
Etiology Factors that can cause sleep problems include Physical
disturbances (e.g. pain from ulcers), Medical issues (e.g. asthma),
Psychiatric disorders (e.g. stress, depression, and anxiety disorders),
Environmental issues (e.g. alcohol use), Genetics, Night shift work etc.
Rabin Singh
51 Chikitsa
Management of Sleep disorders
Evaluation of the Patient with the Complaint of Excessive Daytime Somnolence
Findings on History
and Physical
Examination
Diagnostic
Evaluation
Diagnosis Therapy
Obesity, snoring,
hypertension
Polysomnography
with respiratory
monitoring
Obstructive
sleep
apnea
Continuous positive airway
pressure; ENT surgery (e.g.,
uvulopalatopharyngoplasty);
dental appliance;
pharmacologic therapy (e.g.,
protriptyline);
weight loss
Cataplexy,
hypnogogic
hallucinations,
sleep paralysis,
Family history
Polysomnography
with multiple
sleep latency
testing
Narcolepsy-
cataplexy
syndrome
Stimulants (e.g., modafinil,
methylphenidate);
REM-suppressant
antidepressants
(e.g., protriptyline);
genetic counseling
Restless legs
syndrome,
disturbed sleep,
predisposing
medical condition
(e.g., anemia or
renal failure)
Polysomnography
with bilateral
anterior tibialis
EMG monitoring
Periodic
limb
movements
of
sleep
Treatment of predisposing
condition, if possible;
dopamine agonists
(e.g., pramipexole);
benzodiazepines
(e.g., clonazepam)
Disturbed sleep,
predisposing
medical conditions
(e.g., asthma)
and/or predisposing
medical therapies
(e.g., theophylline)
Sleep-wake diary
recording
Insomnias Treatment of predisposing
condition and/or change in
therapy, if possible;
behavioral therapy;
short-acting benzodiazepine
receptor agonist
(e.g., zolpidem)
Treatments for sleep disorders generally can be grouped into four
categories:
1. Behavioral and psychotherapeutic treatment
2. Rehabilitation and management
3. Medication
4. Other somatic treatment
The treatment of narcolepsy is symptomatic. Somnolence is treated
with wake-promoting therapeutics. Modafinil is now the drug of
choice, principally because it is associated with fewer side effects
than older stimulants and has a long half-life; 200 to 400 mg is given
as a single daily dose. Older drugs such as methylphenidate (10 mg
bid to 20 mg qid or dextroamphetamine (10 mg bid) are still used as
alternatives, particularly in refractory patients.
Treatment of the REM-related phenomena cataplexy, hypnogogic
hallucinations, and sleep paralysis requires the potent REM sleep
suppression produced by antidepressant medications. The tricyclic
antidepressants [e.g., protriptyline (10 to 40 mg/d) and clomipramine
(25–50 mg/d)] and the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
[e.g., fluoxetine (10 to 20 mg/d)] are commonly used for this purpose.
Treatment with clonazepam (0.5 to 1.0 mg qhs) provides sustained
improvement in almost all reported cases of REM.
For nocturia, symptomatic pharmacotherapy is usually accomplished
with desmopressin (0.2mg qhs), oxybutynin chloride (5 to 10 mg qhs)
or imipramine (10 to 50 mg qhs). Nocturia
Treatment options for Periodic limb movement disorder include
dopaminergic medications or benzodiazepines.
51 Chikitsa
Management of Sleep disorders
Evaluation of the Patient with the Complaint of Excessive Daytime Somnolence
Findings on History
and Physical
Examination
Diagnostic
Evaluation
Diagnosis Therapy
Obesity, snoring,
hypertension
Polysomnography
with respiratory
monitoring
Obstructive
sleep
apnea
Continuous positive airway
pressure; ENT surgery (e.g.,
uvulopalatopharyngoplasty);
dental appliance;
pharmacologic therapy (e.g.,
protriptyline);
weight loss
Cataplexy,
hypnogogic
hallucinations,
sleep paralysis,
Family history
Polysomnography
with multiple
sleep latency
testing
Narcolepsy-
cataplexy
syndrome
Stimulants (e.g., modafinil,
methylphenidate);
REM-suppressant
antidepressants
(e.g., protriptyline);
genetic counseling
Restless legs
syndrome,
disturbed sleep,
predisposing
medical condition
(e.g., anemia or
renal failure)
Polysomnography
with bilateral
anterior tibialis
EMG monitoring
Periodic
limb
movements
of
sleep
Treatment of predisposing
condition, if possible;
dopamine agonists
(e.g., pramipexole);
benzodiazepines
(e.g., clonazepam)
Disturbed sleep,
predisposing
medical conditions
(e.g., asthma)
and/or predisposing
medical therapies
(e.g., theophylline)
Sleep-wake diary
recording
Insomnias Treatment of predisposing
condition and/or change in
therapy, if possible;
behavioral therapy;
short-acting benzodiazepine
receptor agonist
(e.g., zolpidem)
Treatments for sleep disorders generally can be grouped into four
categories:
1. Behavioral and psychotherapeutic treatment
2. Rehabilitation and management
3. Medication
4. Other somatic treatment
The treatment of narcolepsy is symptomatic. Somnolence is treated
with wake-promoting therapeutics. Modafinil is now the drug of
choice, principally because it is associated with fewer side effects
than older stimulants and has a long half-life; 200 to 400 mg is given
as a single daily dose. Older drugs such as methylphenidate (10 mg
bid to 20 mg qid or dextroamphetamine (10 mg bid) are still used as
alternatives, particularly in refractory patients.
Treatment of the REM-related phenomena cataplexy, hypnogogic
hallucinations, and sleep paralysis requires the potent REM sleep
suppression produced by antidepressant medications. The tricyclic
antidepressants [e.g., protriptyline (10 to 40 mg/d) and clomipramine
(25–50 mg/d)] and the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
[e.g., fluoxetine (10 to 20 mg/d)] are commonly used for this purpose.
Treatment with clonazepam (0.5 to 1.0 mg qhs) provides sustained
improvement in almost all reported cases of REM.
For nocturia, symptomatic pharmacotherapy is usually accomplished
with desmopressin (0.2mg qhs), oxybutynin chloride (5 to 10 mg qhs)
or imipramine (10 to 50 mg qhs). Nocturia
Treatment options for Periodic limb movement disorder include
dopaminergic medications or benzodiazepines.
Rabin Singh
52 Chikitsa
General debility
General debility (दौबध�य) means the lack of strength in a person.
General debility is a state of general weakness or feebleness that may
be a result or an outcome of one or more medical conditions that
produce symptoms such as pain, fatigue, cachexia and physical
disability, or deficits in attention, concentration, memory, development
and / or learning.
Causes of debility
Lack of adequate nutrition (malnutrition) leading to conditions like
anemia
Working too hard, or over exertion
Mental stress, lack of adequate sleep, or depression
Common cold & cough
Prolonged infection or injury
Sedentary life style (without much activity in the routine)
Obesity
Vitamin deficiency
Thyroid disorders
Addison’s disease
Myasthenia gravis
Guillain-Barre syndrome
Liver disorders
Renal disorders
Tuberculosis
Cancer
Parkinson’s disease
All types of fevers
Management
Treat the underlying cause
Symptomatic treatment
IV Fluids (to provide glucose & correct electrolyte balance)
Multivitamin capsules or syrup
Nutritional supplements
Appetizers & digestants with balanced diet should be adviced
Aurvedic management
चनदान पररवजधन
रोग �शमन चिकक�सा
मधुर ब�य सुपा�य ि� �योग
रसायन-वाजीकरण �योग
अ�यंग with महानारायण त ल or ि�दन बला ला�ाकद त ल
औषध योग आमलकी – हरीतकी – शतावरी – अ�ग�धा – सफेद मुसली – एला –
लशुन – िा�ा – खजूधर – दाचडम – मांसरस – घृत – �यवन�ाश – मुसली पाक –
अ�ग�धाकद िूणध – अ�ग�धारर� – दशमूलारर� – िा�ासव – कुमारी आसव –
लोहासव etc.
General Introduction and Principles of Management of diseases
produced by genetic, environmental and iatrogenic factors
Diseases produced by genetic factors
A genetic disease is any disease that is caused by an abnormality in an
individual’s genome, the person’s entire genetic makeup.
The abnormality can range from minuscule to major- from a discrete
mutation in a single base in the DNA of a single gene to a gross
chromosome abnormality involving the addition or subtraction of an
entire chromosome or set of chromosomes. Some genetic disorders are
inherited from the parents, while other genetic diseases are caused by
acquired changes or mutations in a preexisting gene or group of genes.
52 Chikitsa
General debility
General debility (दौबध�य) means the lack of strength in a person.
General debility is a state of general weakness or feebleness that may
be a result or an outcome of one or more medical conditions that
produce symptoms such as pain, fatigue, cachexia and physical
disability, or deficits in attention, concentration, memory, development
and / or learning.
Causes of debility
Lack of adequate nutrition (malnutrition) leading to conditions like
anemia
Working too hard, or over exertion
Mental stress, lack of adequate sleep, or depression
Common cold & cough
Prolonged infection or injury
Sedentary life style (without much activity in the routine)
Obesity
Vitamin deficiency
Thyroid disorders
Addison’s disease
Myasthenia gravis
Guillain-Barre syndrome
Liver disorders
Renal disorders
Tuberculosis
Cancer
Parkinson’s disease
All types of fevers
Management
Treat the underlying cause
Symptomatic treatment
IV Fluids (to provide glucose & correct electrolyte balance)
Multivitamin capsules or syrup
Nutritional supplements
Appetizers & digestants with balanced diet should be adviced
Aurvedic management
चनदान पररवजधन
रोग �शमन चिकक�सा
मधुर ब�य सुपा�य ि� �योग
रसायन-वाजीकरण �योग
अ�यंग with महानारायण त ल or ि�दन बला ला�ाकद त ल
औषध योग आमलकी – हरीतकी – शतावरी – अ�ग�धा – सफेद मुसली – एला –
लशुन – िा�ा – खजूधर – दाचडम – मांसरस – घृत – �यवन�ाश – मुसली पाक –
अ�ग�धाकद िूणध – अ�ग�धारर� – दशमूलारर� – िा�ासव – कुमारी आसव –
लोहासव etc.
General Introduction and Principles of Management of diseases
produced by genetic, environmental and iatrogenic factors
Diseases produced by genetic factors
A genetic disease is any disease that is caused by an abnormality in an
individual’s genome, the person’s entire genetic makeup.
The abnormality can range from minuscule to major- from a discrete
mutation in a single base in the DNA of a single gene to a gross
chromosome abnormality involving the addition or subtraction of an
entire chromosome or set of chromosomes. Some genetic disorders are
inherited from the parents, while other genetic diseases are caused by
acquired changes or mutations in a preexisting gene or group of genes.
Rabin Singh
53 Chikitsa
There are a number of different types of genetic inheritance including:
1. Single gene genetic inheritance
Single gene inheritance, also called Mendelian or monogenetic
inheritance. This type of inheritance is caused by changes or mutations
that occur in the DNA sequence of a single gene.These disorders are
known as monogenetic disorders (disorders of a single gene). e.g.,
Cystic fibrosis,
Sickle cell anemia,
Marfan syndrome,
Huntington's disease, and
Hemochromatosis.
Single-gene disorders are inherited in recognizable patterns: autosomal
dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked.
2. Multifactorial genetic inheritance
Multifactorial inheritance disorders (complex or polygenic inheritance),
are caused by a combination of environmental factors and mutations in
multiple genes. e.g.,
Congenital diseases (birth defects) (a) Clefft lip & cleft palate
(b) Club foot
(c) Pyloric stenosis
(d) Congenital heart disease
(e) Spina bifida
Adult diseases(a)Alzheimer’s disease,(b)Schizophrenia,(c)Obesity,
(d) Diabetes, (e) Hypertension, (f) Multiple sclerosis, (g) Cancer etc.
Multifactorial inheritance also is associated with heritable traits such as
fingerprint patterns, height, eye colour, and skin colour.
3. Chromosome abnormalities
Chromosomes, distinct structures made up of DNA and protein, are
located in the nucleus of each cell. Because chromosomes are the
carriers of the genetic material, abnormalities in chromosome number or
structure can result in disease. Abnormalities in chromosomes typically
occur due to a problem with cell division. e.g.,
Down syndrome, or trisomy 21, is a common disorder that occurs
when a person has three copies of chromosome 21.
Turner syndrome (45,X0), and
Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY).
4. Mitochondrial genetic inheritance
This type of genetic disorder is caused by mutations in the non-nuclear
DNA of mitochondria. Mitochondria are small round or rod-like
organelles that are involved in cellular respiration and found in the
cytoplasm of plant and animal cells. e.g.,
An eye disease called Leber's hereditary optic atrophy;
A type of epilepsy called MERRF which stands for myoclonic
epilepsy with Ragged Red Fibers; and
A form of dementia called MELAS for mitochondrialencephalopathy,
lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes.
Management of Genetic diseases
Many genetic disorders result from gene changes that are present in
essentially every cell in the body. As a result, these disorders often
affect many body systems, and most cannot be cured. However,
approaches may be available to treat or manage some of the
associated signs and symptoms.
53 Chikitsa
There are a number of different types of genetic inheritance including:
1. Single gene genetic inheritance
Single gene inheritance, also called Mendelian or monogenetic
inheritance. This type of inheritance is caused by changes or mutations
that occur in the DNA sequence of a single gene.These disorders are
known as monogenetic disorders (disorders of a single gene). e.g.,
Cystic fibrosis,
Sickle cell anemia,
Marfan syndrome,
Huntington's disease, and
Hemochromatosis.
Single-gene disorders are inherited in recognizable patterns: autosomal
dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked.
2. Multifactorial genetic inheritance
Multifactorial inheritance disorders (complex or polygenic inheritance),
are caused by a combination of environmental factors and mutations in
multiple genes. e.g.,
Congenital diseases (birth defects) (a) Clefft lip & cleft palate
(b) Club foot
(c) Pyloric stenosis
(d) Congenital heart disease
(e) Spina bifida
Adult diseases(a)Alzheimer’s disease,(b)Schizophrenia,(c)Obesity,
(d) Diabetes, (e) Hypertension, (f) Multiple sclerosis, (g) Cancer etc.
Multifactorial inheritance also is associated with heritable traits such as
fingerprint patterns, height, eye colour, and skin colour.
3. Chromosome abnormalities
Chromosomes, distinct structures made up of DNA and protein, are
located in the nucleus of each cell. Because chromosomes are the
carriers of the genetic material, abnormalities in chromosome number or
structure can result in disease. Abnormalities in chromosomes typically
occur due to a problem with cell division. e.g.,
Down syndrome, or trisomy 21, is a common disorder that occurs
when a person has three copies of chromosome 21.
Turner syndrome (45,X0), and
Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY).
4. Mitochondrial genetic inheritance
This type of genetic disorder is caused by mutations in the non-nuclear
DNA of mitochondria. Mitochondria are small round or rod-like
organelles that are involved in cellular respiration and found in the
cytoplasm of plant and animal cells. e.g.,
An eye disease called Leber's hereditary optic atrophy;
A type of epilepsy called MERRF which stands for myoclonic
epilepsy with Ragged Red Fibers; and
A form of dementia called MELAS for mitochondrialencephalopathy,
lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes.
Management of Genetic diseases
Many genetic disorders result from gene changes that are present in
essentially every cell in the body. As a result, these disorders often
affect many body systems, and most cannot be cured. However,
approaches may be available to treat or manage some of the
associated signs and symptoms.
Rabin Singh
54 Chikitsa
For genetic conditions, treatment and management strategies are
designed to improve particular signs and symptoms associated with
the disorder. These approaches vary by disorder and are specific to
an individual's health needs.
o For example, a genetic disorder associated with a heart
defect might be treated with surgery to repair the defect or
with a heart transplant.
o Conditions that are characterized by defective blood cell
formation, such as sickle cell disease, can sometimes be
treated with a bone marrow transplant. Bone marrow
transplantation can allow the formation of normal blood cells
and, if done early in life, may help prevent episodes of pain
and other future complications.
Some genetic changes are associated with an increased risk of
future health problems, such as certain forms of cancer. One well-
known example is familial breast cancer related to mutations in the
BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Management may include more frequent
cancer screening or preventive (prophylactic) surgery to remove the
tissues at highest risk of becoming cancerous.
Most treatment strategies for genetic disorders do not alter the
underlying genetic mutation; however, a few disorders have been
treated with gene therapy.
Gene therapy refers to a form of treatment where a healthy gene is
introduced to a patient. This should alleviate the defect caused by a
faulty gene or slow the progression of disease. Gene therapy, along
with many other treatment and management approaches for genetic
conditions, are under study in clinical trials.
Stem cell treatments – The ongoing researches suggest that stem
cells can be used for treating the genetic disorders as well. Apart
from treating diseases like diabetes, brain injuries, Osteoarthritis,
learning disabilities, various types of blood cancer, Sickle cell
anemia, Parkinson’s, Haemophilia, and Thalassemia, etc. The
defects of cells due to mutation result in a wide of variety of genetic
disorders. These genetic diseases can be treated by th e
transplantation of stem cells where the normal stem cell replaces the
defected cells.
आनुवांचशक �ाचध
In Ayurveda, hereditary diseases are also explained by ancient sages;
Acharya Sushruta termed such diseases as आकदबल �वृि, Acharya
Charaka mentioned कुलज �ाचध, Acharya Vagbhata mentioned सहज �ाचध,
Acharya Bhela explained it as �कृचत � ाव, and Acharya Yagyavalkya
explained it as संिारी.
आकदबल �वृि रोग त�ाकदबल�वृिा ये शुिशोचणतदोषा�वया� कु�ाशध�
� ृतय�, तेsचप चिचवधा� मातृजा� चपतृजाि ॥ (सु.सू.24/6)
The diseases such as कु�, अशध etc. produced by vitiation or defect of
shukra & shonita are called आकदबल �वृि रोग. There are two types of
आकदबल �वृि रोग – (1) मातृज & (2) चपतृज.
Examples of आकदबल �वृि or सहज रोग कु� – अशध – �मेह – च�� – अप�मार –
बाचधयध – मूक�व – वामन – वणाध�धता – चतचमर – उ� रििाप – वातरि – अबुधद – मेदो
वृचि – ख�डौ� – ख�ड तालु etc.
चिकक�सा चनदान पररवजधन – प�याप�य पालन – �व�थवृि – स�वृि – दोषानुसार &
रोग-ल�णानुसार चिकक�सा
54 Chikitsa
For genetic conditions, treatment and management strategies are
designed to improve particular signs and symptoms associated with
the disorder. These approaches vary by disorder and are specific to
an individual's health needs.
o For example, a genetic disorder associated with a heart
defect might be treated with surgery to repair the defect or
with a heart transplant.
o Conditions that are characterized by defective blood cell
formation, such as sickle cell disease, can sometimes be
treated with a bone marrow transplant. Bone marrow
transplantation can allow the formation of normal blood cells
and, if done early in life, may help prevent episodes of pain
and other future complications.
Some genetic changes are associated with an increased risk of
future health problems, such as certain forms of cancer. One well-
known example is familial breast cancer related to mutations in the
BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Management may include more frequent
cancer screening or preventive (prophylactic) surgery to remove the
tissues at highest risk of becoming cancerous.
Most treatment strategies for genetic disorders do not alter the
underlying genetic mutation; however, a few disorders have been
treated with gene therapy.
Gene therapy refers to a form of treatment where a healthy gene is
introduced to a patient. This should alleviate the defect caused by a
faulty gene or slow the progression of disease. Gene therapy, along
with many other treatment and management approaches for genetic
conditions, are under study in clinical trials.
Stem cell treatments – The ongoing researches suggest that stem
cells can be used for treating the genetic disorders as well. Apart
from treating diseases like diabetes, brain injuries, Osteoarthritis,
learning disabilities, various types of blood cancer, Sickle cell
anemia, Parkinson’s, Haemophilia, and Thalassemia, etc. The
defects of cells due to mutation result in a wide of variety of genetic
disorders. These genetic diseases can be treated by th e
transplantation of stem cells where the normal stem cell replaces the
defected cells.
आनुवांचशक �ाचध
In Ayurveda, hereditary diseases are also explained by ancient sages;
Acharya Sushruta termed such diseases as आकदबल �वृि, Acharya
Charaka mentioned कुलज �ाचध, Acharya Vagbhata mentioned सहज �ाचध,
Acharya Bhela explained it as �कृचत � ाव, and Acharya Yagyavalkya
explained it as संिारी.
आकदबल �वृि रोग त�ाकदबल�वृिा ये शुिशोचणतदोषा�वया� कु�ाशध�
� ृतय�, तेsचप चिचवधा� मातृजा� चपतृजाि ॥ (सु.सू.24/6)
The diseases such as कु�, अशध etc. produced by vitiation or defect of
shukra & shonita are called आकदबल �वृि रोग. There are two types of
आकदबल �वृि रोग – (1) मातृज & (2) चपतृज.
Examples of आकदबल �वृि or सहज रोग कु� – अशध – �मेह – च�� – अप�मार –
बाचधयध – मूक�व – वामन – वणाध�धता – चतचमर – उ� रििाप – वातरि – अबुधद – मेदो
वृचि – ख�डौ� – ख�ड तालु etc.
चिकक�सा चनदान पररवजधन – प�याप�य पालन – �व�थवृि – स�वृि – दोषानुसार &
रोग-ल�णानुसार चिकक�सा
Rabin Singh
55 Chikitsa
Diseases produced by environmental factors
Diseases and conditions caused by factors in the environment are
collectively called environmental diseases. Stress, physical and mental
abuse, diet, exposure to toxins, pathogens, radiation, and chemicals are
possible causes of a large segment of non-hereditary diseases.
If a disease process is concluded to be the result of a combination of
genetic and environmental factor influences, its etiological origin can be
referred to as having a multifactorial pattern.
There are many different types of environmental disease including:
Stress-related diseases such as mental health disorders, or lifestyle
disease such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity, arthritis, diseases
caused by substance abuse such as alcoholism, and smoking-
related diseases.
Diseases caused by pollution such as hearing impairment due to
noise pollution, breathing problems due to air pollution, GIT problems
due to water pollution etc.
Disease caused by physical factors in the environment, such as skin
cancer caused by excessive exposure to UV radiation in sunlight.
Disease caused by exposure to toxic or irritant chemicals in the
environment such as toxic metals.
Prevention & Management of environmental diseases
To prevent environmental diseases, one should avoid exposure to
environmental factors such as tobacco, alcohol, pollution etc., and
live healthy life such as avoiding the stress and practicing yoga and
exercises etc.
Treatment includes avoidance of etiological factors (e.g. quitting
smoking etc.) and symptomatic management.
Diseases produced by iatrogenic factors
Iatrogenic disease is the result of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures
undertaken on a patient (i.e.due to the activity of a physician or therapy).
With the multitude of drugs prescribed to a single patient adverse drug
reactions are bound to occur. The Physician should take suitable steps
to detect and manage them.
An iatrogenic disorder occurs when the deleterious effects of the
therapeutic or diagnostic regimen causes pathology independent of the
condition for which the regimen is advised. Diagnostic procedures
(mechanical and radiological), therapeutic regimen (drugs, surgery, other
invasive procedures), hospitalization and treating doctor himself can
bring about iatrogenic disorders.
Examples of iatrogenic diseases Adverse effects of prescribed drugs;
Resistence due to over use of drugs; Incomplete or improper diagnosis
and treatment due to medical error or negligence; Hospital-acquired
infections; Infection, scar-formation, or other complications due to faulty
procedures and surgical techniques such as post-operative hemorrhage,
nerve injuries, incisional hernia etc.
Prevention & Management of environmental diseases
Primary prevention aims to stop iatrogenic disease before it starts,
usually by reducing or eliminating risk factors. In secondary
prevention, iatrogenic disease is detected and treated at an early
stage, before symptoms or functional losses occur, thereby
minimizing morbidity and mortality.
Physician should treat the patient after proper diagnosis.
Drugs & therapeutic procedures should be used with consideration of
indications, contraindications and their side-effects.
55 Chikitsa
Diseases produced by environmental factors
Diseases and conditions caused by factors in the environment are
collectively called environmental diseases. Stress, physical and mental
abuse, diet, exposure to toxins, pathogens, radiation, and chemicals are
possible causes of a large segment of non-hereditary diseases.
If a disease process is concluded to be the result of a combination of
genetic and environmental factor influences, its etiological origin can be
referred to as having a multifactorial pattern.
There are many different types of environmental disease including:
Stress-related diseases such as mental health disorders, or lifestyle
disease such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity, arthritis, diseases
caused by substance abuse such as alcoholism, and smoking-
related diseases.
Diseases caused by pollution such as hearing impairment due to
noise pollution, breathing problems due to air pollution, GIT problems
due to water pollution etc.
Disease caused by physical factors in the environment, such as skin
cancer caused by excessive exposure to UV radiation in sunlight.
Disease caused by exposure to toxic or irritant chemicals in the
environment such as toxic metals.
Prevention & Management of environmental diseases
To prevent environmental diseases, one should avoid exposure to
environmental factors such as tobacco, alcohol, pollution etc., and
live healthy life such as avoiding the stress and practicing yoga and
exercises etc.
Treatment includes avoidance of etiological factors (e.g. quitting
smoking etc.) and symptomatic management.
Diseases produced by iatrogenic factors
Iatrogenic disease is the result of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures
undertaken on a patient (i.e.due to the activity of a physician or therapy).
With the multitude of drugs prescribed to a single patient adverse drug
reactions are bound to occur. The Physician should take suitable steps
to detect and manage them.
An iatrogenic disorder occurs when the deleterious effects of the
therapeutic or diagnostic regimen causes pathology independent of the
condition for which the regimen is advised. Diagnostic procedures
(mechanical and radiological), therapeutic regimen (drugs, surgery, other
invasive procedures), hospitalization and treating doctor himself can
bring about iatrogenic disorders.
Examples of iatrogenic diseases Adverse effects of prescribed drugs;
Resistence due to over use of drugs; Incomplete or improper diagnosis
and treatment due to medical error or negligence; Hospital-acquired
infections; Infection, scar-formation, or other complications due to faulty
procedures and surgical techniques such as post-operative hemorrhage,
nerve injuries, incisional hernia etc.
Prevention & Management of environmental diseases
Primary prevention aims to stop iatrogenic disease before it starts,
usually by reducing or eliminating risk factors. In secondary
prevention, iatrogenic disease is detected and treated at an early
stage, before symptoms or functional losses occur, thereby
minimizing morbidity and mortality.
Physician should treat the patient after proper diagnosis.
Drugs & therapeutic procedures should be used with consideration of
indications, contraindications and their side-effects.
Rabin Singh
56 Chikitsa
Drug Allergy
A drug allergy is an allergy to a drug, most commonly a medication, and
is a form of adverse drug reaction. It is the abnormal reaction of the
immune system to a medication. Any medication – over the counter,
prescription or herbal – is capable of inducing a drug allergy.
A drug allergy is not the same as a drug side effect, a known possible
reaction listed on a drug label. A drug allergy is also different from drug
toxicity caused by an overdose of medication.
Causes
When a medication causes an allergic reaction, it is called an allergen.
The following is a short list of the most common drug allergens:
Antibiotics
Penicillin
Sulfa drugs
Tetracycline
Analgesics
Codeine
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Antiseizure
Phenytoin
Carbamazepine
Signs & symptoms of Drug allergy
Symptoms of allergic reactions can range from mild itching to life-
threatening conditions. Many drugs can also cause side effects or
intolerances such as an upset stomach. These symptoms do not always
indicate a true allergy to a drug.
During an allergic reaction, histamine and other chemicals can cause
symptoms that include:
Hives
Skin rash
Itchy skin or eyes
Runny nose
Congestion
Swelling in the mouth and throat
Difficulty breathing
Anaphylaxis is a rare, life-threatening reaction to a drug allergy that
causes the widespread dysfunction of body systems. Signs and
symptoms of anaphylaxis include:
Tightening of the airways and throat, causing trouble breathing
Nausea or abdominal cramps
Vomiting or diarrhea
Dizziness or lightheadedness
Weak, rapid pulse
Drop in blood pressure
Seizure
Loss of consciousness
Treatment
Withdrawal of the drug
Injections of antihistamine and corticosteroids, e.g. Inj. Avil
(Pheniramine maleate) + Inj. Dexamethasone / Hydrocortisone
Oral antihistamine and corticosteroids
Treatment of anaphylaxis Anaphylaxis requires an immediate
epinephrine injection as well as hospital care to maintain blood
pressure and support breathing.
56 Chikitsa
Drug Allergy
A drug allergy is an allergy to a drug, most commonly a medication, and
is a form of adverse drug reaction. It is the abnormal reaction of the
immune system to a medication. Any medication – over the counter,
prescription or herbal – is capable of inducing a drug allergy.
A drug allergy is not the same as a drug side effect, a known possible
reaction listed on a drug label. A drug allergy is also different from drug
toxicity caused by an overdose of medication.
Causes
When a medication causes an allergic reaction, it is called an allergen.
The following is a short list of the most common drug allergens:
Antibiotics
Penicillin
Sulfa drugs
Tetracycline
Analgesics
Codeine
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Antiseizure
Phenytoin
Carbamazepine
Signs & symptoms of Drug allergy
Symptoms of allergic reactions can range from mild itching to life-
threatening conditions. Many drugs can also cause side effects or
intolerances such as an upset stomach. These symptoms do not always
indicate a true allergy to a drug.
During an allergic reaction, histamine and other chemicals can cause
symptoms that include:
Hives
Skin rash
Itchy skin or eyes
Runny nose
Congestion
Swelling in the mouth and throat
Difficulty breathing
Anaphylaxis is a rare, life-threatening reaction to a drug allergy that
causes the widespread dysfunction of body systems. Signs and
symptoms of anaphylaxis include:
Tightening of the airways and throat, causing trouble breathing
Nausea or abdominal cramps
Vomiting or diarrhea
Dizziness or lightheadedness
Weak, rapid pulse
Drop in blood pressure
Seizure
Loss of consciousness
Treatment
Withdrawal of the drug
Injections of antihistamine and corticosteroids, e.g. Inj. Avil
(Pheniramine maleate) + Inj. Dexamethasone / Hydrocortisone
Oral antihistamine and corticosteroids
Treatment of anaphylaxis Anaphylaxis requires an immediate
epinephrine injection as well as hospital care to maintain blood
pressure and support breathing.
Rabin Singh
57 Chikitsa
Food allergy
A food allergy is an abnormal immune response to food. The signs and
symptoms may range from mild to severe. Even a tiny amount of the
allergy-causing food can trigger signs and symptoms such as digestive
problems, hives or swollen airways. In some people, a food allergy can
cause severe symptoms or even a life-threatening reaction known as
anaphylaxis.
Food intolerance and food poisoning are separate conditions.
Causes
While any food can cause an adverse reaction, eight types of food
account for about 90 percent of all reactions:
Eggs
Milk
Peanuts
Tree nuts
Fish
Shellfish
Wheat
Soy
Signs and symptoms
Symptoms of an allergic reaction may involve the skin, the
gastrointestinal tract, the cardiovascular system and the respiratory tract.
They can surface in one or more of the following ways:
Vomiting and/or stomach cramps
Hives
Shortness of breath
Wheezing
Repetitive cough
Shock or circulatory collapse
Tight, hoarse throat; trouble swallowing
Swelling of the tongue, affecting the ability to talk or breathe
Weak pulse
Pale or blue coloring of skin
Dizziness or feeling faint
Anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening reaction that can impair
breathing and send the body into shock; reactions may
simultaneously affect different parts of the body (for example, a
stomachache accompanied by a rash)
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is usually based on a medical history, elimination diet, skin
prick test, or blood tests for food-specific IgE antibodies.
Treatment
To prevent the food allergy, follow the strict diet.
Total avoidance of the foods identified as allergens.
If the food is accidentally ingested and a systemic reaction
(anaphylaxis) occurs, then epinephrine (adrenaline) should be used.
A second dose of epinephrine may be required for severe reactions.
The person should then be transported to the emergency room,
where additional treatment can be given. Other treatments include
antihistamines and steroids.
[Epinephrine (arenaline) is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis. If administered in a
timely manner, epinephrine can reverse its effects. Epinephrine relieves airway swelling
and obstruction, and improves blood circulation; blood vessels are tightened and heart
rate is increased, improving circulation to body organs.]
57 Chikitsa
Food allergy
A food allergy is an abnormal immune response to food. The signs and
symptoms may range from mild to severe. Even a tiny amount of the
allergy-causing food can trigger signs and symptoms such as digestive
problems, hives or swollen airways. In some people, a food allergy can
cause severe symptoms or even a life-threatening reaction known as
anaphylaxis.
Food intolerance and food poisoning are separate conditions.
Causes
While any food can cause an adverse reaction, eight types of food
account for about 90 percent of all reactions:
Eggs
Milk
Peanuts
Tree nuts
Fish
Shellfish
Wheat
Soy
Signs and symptoms
Symptoms of an allergic reaction may involve the skin, the
gastrointestinal tract, the cardiovascular system and the respiratory tract.
They can surface in one or more of the following ways:
Vomiting and/or stomach cramps
Hives
Shortness of breath
Wheezing
Repetitive cough
Shock or circulatory collapse
Tight, hoarse throat; trouble swallowing
Swelling of the tongue, affecting the ability to talk or breathe
Weak pulse
Pale or blue coloring of skin
Dizziness or feeling faint
Anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening reaction that can impair
breathing and send the body into shock; reactions may
simultaneously affect different parts of the body (for example, a
stomachache accompanied by a rash)
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is usually based on a medical history, elimination diet, skin
prick test, or blood tests for food-specific IgE antibodies.
Treatment
To prevent the food allergy, follow the strict diet.
Total avoidance of the foods identified as allergens.
If the food is accidentally ingested and a systemic reaction
(anaphylaxis) occurs, then epinephrine (adrenaline) should be used.
A second dose of epinephrine may be required for severe reactions.
The person should then be transported to the emergency room,
where additional treatment can be given. Other treatments include
antihistamines and steroids.
[Epinephrine (arenaline) is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis. If administered in a
timely manner, epinephrine can reverse its effects. Epinephrine relieves airway swelling
and obstruction, and improves blood circulation; blood vessels are tightened and heart
rate is increased, improving circulation to body organs.]
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