KERALA MODEL DEVELOPMENT by br.sarath thomas chamakalayil

KERALA MODEL DEVELOPMENT by br.sarath thomas chamakalayil, [email protected]

1. KERALA MODEL DEVELOPMENT Br.SARATH THOMAS CHAMAKALAYIL [email protected]

2. What is Kerala model development? Refers to the state’s achievements and improvements in material conditions of living which is reflected in indicators of social development.

3. Main achievements in the fields of: L iteracy Life expectancy Infant mortality rate Health and educational sector A set of wealth and distribution programs High levels of political participation……. etc

4. 57 %= Hindus * 21.5% = Christians * 21%= Muslims 0.5 %=rest (With a density of 740 per square kms , Kerala is one of the most densely populated regions in the world.) Kerala has a population as big as California's and a per capita annual income of less than $300.

5. How the term ‘Kerala model’ coined? In the early 1970’s the renowned economist KN Raju and his colleagues conducted a study sponsored by the UN based on the topic ‘state s economic and social development’.

6. Although KN R aju did not use the term ‘Kerala model’ in the study …..but later through the writings of Amartya Sen , Jean Drez … etc popularized this term…..

7. Amartya S en says …….. “ India does not need to look else where for development pointers. Yet there is much that India can learn from Kerala's development experience”. He adds …. “Kerala despite its low income level has achieved more than even some of the most admired high growth economies…..what kerala has achieved with very low per capita income and growth is so remarkable”.

8. Why this development “a model”? Developments in the Health sector high life expectancy at birth. Low birth and death rate Low Infant mortality=15 per 1000 Hi tech methods of diagnosis and therapy Virtual elimination of many communicable diseases. More than 3600 Govt medical institutions in the state. More than 38,000 beds in govt hospitals 67,000 in pvt sector,

9. Educational sector “ Keralites are prized every where in the world due to the result of its efficient value based education”. Amartya Sen Kerala’s literacy rate=91% 37% of state’s annual budget goes to education.

10. Other achievements……. Rise of lower classes Only 19% of people are in below powerty line(2004-2005 census) Capacity for asserting the rights (gender equity, demands for public services … etc ) 85 % lives in pacca houses More than 2/3 get drinking water from well. Political participation of women ….etc.

11. Provision of selected basic services among all Indian states

12. CONCLUSION Kerala…..a place that offers real hope for the future of the Third World Despite its achievements, the model is heavily criticised for the low industrial development and high levels of unemployment . The educational reforms failed to make a direct mark on the state, as people tend to go abroad for monetary benefits.

13. REFERENCES G. Parayil ,Kerala : The Development Experience: Reflections on Sustainability and Replicability , London, Zed Books Pvt Ltd,,2000 M.Oommen , Rethinking Development: Kerala's Development Experience,Vol-1, New Delhi, Institute of Social Sciences,1999. G. Parayil ,Introduction: Is Kerala’s Developmental Experience A model, (2000 ). G. Parayil , The `Kerala model’ of D evelopment: Development and sustainability in the Third World. The Quality of D eath Ranking E nd-of-life C are across the world, Lien Foundation. http:// www.firstpost.com , accessed on 03-01-2013. http :// www.ashanet.org, accessed on 03-01-2013. http:// graphics.eiu.com , accessed on 12-01-2013. http:// newindianexpress.com , accessed on 12-01-2013 . http:// www.towardfreedom.com , accessed on 12-01-2013 . http:// www.omantribune.com, accessed on 17-01-2013 .

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