Key Informant Interview (KII)

Key informant interview
Key informant
Planning
Advantage
Disadvantage

1. KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEW PRESENTED BY: Bidya Thapa Tika Thapa B.Sc.Nursing 4 th year

2. OVERVIEW: Key Informant Interview Purpose Criteria for assessing key Informant. How to approach key informant. Tips for successful communication Ethical principle Planning during Key Informant Interview.

3. OVERVIEW: Advantage Disadvantage Sample Difference between Key informant interview and Indepth Interview. Research Article

4. INTRODUCTION The term ‘Key Informant’ refers to a person who can provide detailed information and opinions on a particular subject based on his/her knowledge of the particular issue. Key Informant Interview ( KII) are qualitative in-depth interview with people who know what is going on in the community.

5. Contd … Key Informant are the people with first hand knowledge and expertise.

6. Contd … Primary goal is to obtain qualitative description of perceptions or experiences, rather than measuring aspects of the experience. It should last 20-30 minutes but may go longer, if interviewee is interested.

7. Contd … Questions are open ended. The two techniques used to conduct KII:- Telephone Interview Face to Face Interview

8. DEFINITION Key Informant Interview are open ended, semi structured interview from informants who are usually experts and decision makers , about a topic to gather specific qualitative information.

9. PURPOSE OF KII To collect information from a wide range of people including community leaders, professionals and residents. To get the information about a pressing issue or problems in the community. To discuss sensitive topics , get respondents candid discussion of the topic or to get the depth of the information that is needed.

10. Contd … 4. To discover information about people’s belief and practice related to the crisis. 5. To get understanding of an issue or culture.

11. ASSESSING THE KEY INFORMANT The reliability of Key Informant can be assessed in terms of several criteria:- Knowledgeability A good informant has first hand knowledge of the issues and is therefore in a position to give accurate information.

12. Contd … 2. Credibility The Key Informant answers questions thoughtfully and candidly . He/she perceptive about the issues and doesnot exaggerate or play up his or her own importance.

13. Contd … 3. Impartiality In some cases, a Key Informant may have an ulterior motive for providing inaccurate information. A respondent whose comments are overly positive or negative doesnot make a good key informant.

14. Contd … 4. Willingness to respond If for some reason, an informant was not totally cooperative during the interview, his or her hesistancy should be considered during the data analysis stage.

15. Contd … 5. Outside Constraints The presence of outsiders during the interview can seriously influence responses.

16. How to approach Key Informant 1.Yourself 2. Your Organization 3. Your Purpose 4. Convincing introduction 5. How much time will be needed Introduction 6. Confidentiality

17. Tips for Successful Communication Give the informant full attention. Begin the interview with a warm-up. Ask the informant about non- controversial topics. Always confirm that the informant had time for the interview by telling them how long the interview is expected to last.

18. Contd … 4. Be alert to who else is listening to the conversation because people are sometimes reluctant to speak in the presence of others. 5. Do not rush the informant. Some people need time to reflect on sensitive questions or like to pause between thoughts.

19. Contd … 6. Repeat the main points of the informant’s responses. Such as “ Then you feeling on this point is…………”, help summarize responses and show that the interviewer is listening carefully. 7. Be neutral no matter how misinformed or preposterous the informant’s views seem.

20. Contd … 8. If an informant has difficult talking about a sensitive subject , try depersonalizing it.

21. Three Ethical Principle Respect For Person Beneficience Justice

22. Contd … 1. Respect for person Respect people’s autonomy, particularly their ability to make independent decisions and act on those decisions. Implemented through informed consent.

23. Contd … 2. Beneficence Project / Studies need to maximize benefits and minimize risks. Implemented by risk/ benefit analysis.

24. Contd … 3. Justice Select participants for the project study in such a way that there is fair opportunity for inclusion and vulnerable population are not exploited .

25. Planning Gather and review existing data Collect and review the existing research data before determining what additional information needs to be collected from key informant.

26. Contd … 2. Determine what information is needed The first step is preparing for key informant interviews. Draft the primary questions and then the next is to determine, what type of data is needed.

27. Contd … 3. Determine target population and brainstorm possible key informant Before selecting key informants, it is important to map out the target population and after that better brainstorm.

28. Contd … 4. Choose key informants Key informant must have the first hand knowledge and can be a wide range of people.

29. Contd … 5. Choose type of interview The next step is to select a technique to obtain information from each of informant, either by - Telephone interview - Face to face interview

30. Contd … 6. Develop on interview tool The interview tool typically contains an outlined script and a list of open ended questions relevant to the topic.

31. Contd … Main components of the interview tools:- a. Introduction I ntroduce yourself ,project and general rule to write introduction should do the following :

32. Contd … P urpose Involvement, benefit and the scope of the project. Role in the process and credibility Information will be used shared

33. Contd … b. Key question c. Probing question

34. Contd … d. Closing question e. Summary

35. Contd … 7. Determine documentation method Compile interview information to ensure data collection efficiency, quality and consistency across interviews.

36. Contd … There are two methods that can be use to record the interview responses :- Note taking Tape recording

37. Contd … 8. Select designated interviewer Determine who in the partnership has the skill or background to conduct the interviews.

38. Contd … Interviewers should be :- - Good listeners, strong communication skills, able to take detailed notes. - Be detailed oriented and comfortable meeting and talking to new people.

39. Contd … 9. Conduct key informant interview The interview tool with partnership develops will help structure the discussion and carefully sequence the various key questions.

40. Contd … Interviewers can practice and familiarize themselves with the script and questions before meeting the key informants.

41. Contd … 10. Compile and organize key informant interview data As soon as the partnership starts the process of collecting the key informant interview data, we will manage a lot of data and discuss with partnership and note the decision.

42. Advantages Information comes directly from knowledgeable people. Opportunity to explore unanticipated ideas. Easy and inexpensive.

43. Contd … Can contact informants to clarify issues as needed. Can raise awareness, interest and euthusiasm around an issue.

44. Contd … It provide flexibility to explore new ideas and issue that had not been anticipated in planning the study but that are relevant to it’s purpose.

45. Disadvantages It provide only a very limited basis for qualification, they are rarely appropriate when quantitative data are needed. Vulnerable to informant or interviewer bias. Difficult to prove validity of findings.

46. Contd … May be challenging to reach and schedule interviewers with busy and hard to reach respondents. Difficult to generalize results to the larger population unless interviewing.

47. Sample key informant interview School code (if relevant) Date ( dd /mm/ yy ) Interview number

48. Contd … This interview aims to identify the main barriers or challenges that are preventing the academic programs under the assessment from achieving their scale up goals.

49. Contd … Educators What is your opinion of the quantity of educators available for the academic programs under assessment ?

50. Contd … Category of educators Quantity of educators I don’t know Too few 1 Sufficient 2 Too many 3 1. Classroom teachers, such as professors, assistant professors and lecturers at the school. 2. Clinical teachers, such as preceptors, clinical instructors, or supervisors at health facilities.

51. Contd … 2. Do schools in the country have a policy or procedures that supports pregnant, educators or educators with young children ? Yes No I don’t know

52. Difference between the In-depth and the Key Informant interview In – depth interview Key informant interview 1. The in- depth interview is a qualitative research technique that conducts intensive individual interview with a small number of respondent to explore their perspectives or particular idea, program or situation etc. 1. Key informant interview is an in- depth interview with 15-35 people and it is focused on a topic with which the interviewee has first hand knowledge.

53. Contd … In – depth interview Key informant interview 2. It can be performed with anyone. 2. It is performed with the participant with unique knowledge. 3. It aims to uncover information about an issue that has already come up. 3. It is designed to explore a topic before digging for the details.

54. Contd … In – depth interview Key informant interview 4. In – depth interview takes more time t administer than the key informant interview. 4. Key informant interview frequently takes less time to administer than standard in- depth interview.

55. Research article Commonalities and difference in the implementation of models of care for arthritis : key informant interview from canada . A qualitative descriptive was conducted among 70 program managers and/or care providers in three canadian through snowball sampling by using semi- structured key informant interview.

56. Contd … Type of participants in phase 1 was key informant interviews and in phase 2 was in- depth case studies. Commonalities included lack of complete and appropriate referrals from primary care physicians and lack of health human resources to meet local demands.

57. Contd … Difference included the nature of the care and follow- up, the role of the specialist and location of service delivery.

58. MCQ’s: 1. What is the things that is not require to assess in key informant interview? Impartiality Preposterous Willingness to respond Outside constraint ANS: B

59. Contd … 2. Difficult to prove validity of findings is the……of Key Informant Interview. Characteristics Purpose Advantage Disadvantage ANS: A

60. Contd … 3 . Selecting participants for the project study in such a way that there is fair opportunity is……….. Respect for person Beneficience Fidelity Justice ANS: D

61. TRUE/ FALSE: In KII, information should from anyone to get the information. Be neutral no matter, how misinformed or preposterous the informants views seem. Interviewer are allowed to take note during the interview. FALSE TRUE TRUE

62. ASSIGNMENT: Explain about merits and demerits of interview.

63. REFERENCES: BOOK REFERENCES: Sharma B.K. Nursing Research and Statistics. 3 rd Edition. Elsevier, Relx India Pvt.Ltd , India. Page no: 298 – 304 Basavanthappa BT. Nursing Research. 2 nd Edition. Jaypee Brothers, Medical Publishers. P.Ltd , New Delhi. Page no: 430 – 433, 307, 316

64. Contd … 3. Polit E.D. Beck. C. T Nursing Research, generating and Assessing Evidence for Nursing Practice. 9 th Edition. Wolters Kluwer. Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi. Page no: 265 to 266

65. Contd … NET REFERENCES: All about interviews- Aberystwyth University. Available from: https//:www.abex.ccuk. Accessed on 22 nd Sept, 2019 Editing- Business Dictionary. Available from: https//:www.businessdictionary.com. Accessed on 4 th Nov. 2019