KFT (KIDNEY FUNCTION TEST) FUNCTIONS OF KIDNEY.pptx

INTRODUCTION TO KFT,KFT PANEL TEST,FUNCTION OF KIDNEY

1. KFT (KIDNEY FUNCTION TEST) OR KIDNEY PANEL TEST or (Renal panel test) BY: KISMAT ALI, TUTOR AT IUL LKO. BMLT GOLD MEDALIST, MMLT PATHOLOGY

2. Introduction: kidney function test is a specialized group of tests that is done to evaluate the functions of kidney, and diagnosis of disease related to kidney. The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a fist. They are located just below the rib cage, one on each side of your spine.  

3. Functions of Kidney There is a pneumonic = A WET BED A= Acid base balance W= water balance E= Electrolyte balance T= toxin removal B= blood pressure regulation E= erythropoietin secretion D= vitamin d synthesis and activation Urine formation  

4. INDICATION OF KIDNEY FUNCTION TEST Nausea and vomiting Fatigue Weakness Frequent  itching Backside pain abdominal pain Frequent urination Proteinuria Edema in legs and face (pitting edema) High BP  

5. KFT includes following test. Specimen : - blood sample (serum) in plain tube (red color stopper), SST TUBE (serum separator tube- yellow color stopper. KFT IS DONE BY BOTH FULLY AUTOMATED AND SEMIAUTOMATED METHOD Serum creatinine Serum urea Serum uric acid Serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium) Serum calcium Creatinine clearance test eGFR BUN

6. SERUM CREATININE A creatinine blood test measures the level of creatinine in the blood. Creatinine is a waste product that forms when creatine, which is found in your muscle, breaks down. This test tells your doctor how well your kidneys are working. NORMAL RANGE: - MALE - 0.7-1.3 mg/dl FEMALE – 0.6 – 1.2 mg/ dl

7. SERUM UREA Urea is a waste product produced when your liver breaks down proteins, and it is excreted in urine. The amount of urea in your blood can indicate how efficiently your kidneys are functioning. NORMAL RANGE: - 15- 40 mg/dl

8. SERUM URIC ACID measures the amount of uric acid in a sample of your blood or urine (pee). Uric acid is a normal waste product that your body makes when it breaks down chemicals called purines. Purines come from your cells when they die. Purines are also found in many foods and beverages. NORMAL RANGE: - 3.2 – 7.2 mg/dl

9. Serum electrolytes A n electrolyte panel, also known as a serum electrolyte test, is a blood test that measures levels of the body's main electrolytes: Sodium, potassium which helps control the amount of fluid in your body. It also helps your nerves and muscles work properly. Chloride, which also helps control the amount of fluid in your body. NORMAL RANGE: - Sodium: 136 to 144 mEql /L Potassium: 3.7 to 5.1 mEq /L.  Calcium: 8.5 to 10.2 mg/dL. Chloride: 98-106 mEq /L

10. CREATININE CLEARANCE TEST Serum and urine samples are required. The serum collection must be within 24 hours of urine collection. A blood sample of 2 mL (minimum 0.5-1 mL) in a labeled tube, preferably stored at refrigerated or frozen temperature. A 24-hour urine sample is collected from the patient to measure creatinine clearance. Creatinine clearance is a measure of how well the kidneys filter creatinine out of the bloodstream for excretion in urine. NORMAL RANGE: - MALE 90-110 ML/ MIUNTES/ BSA FEMALE: - 90- 120 ML /MINUTES / BSA

11. CALCULATED BY COCK-CROFT GAULT EQUATION = 140- AGE (YEAR) * BODY WEIGHT (KG) 72* SERUM CREATININE IF FEMALE THEN MULTIPLY WITH 0.85

12. BUN (BLOOD UREA NITROGEN) A common blood test, the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test reveals important information about how well your kidneys are working. A BUN test measures the amount of urea nitrogen that's in your blood. NORMAL RANGE: - 7-20 mg/dl

13. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is calculated using the formula: BUN(mg/ dl ) = UREA ( mMol / l ) * 2.8

14. Serum calcium test

15. A calcium blood test measures the amount of  calcium  in your blood. Calcium: 8.5 to 10.2 mg/dL. Too much or too little calcium in your blood may be a sign of a wide range of medical conditions, such as  bone disease ,  thyroid diseas e,  parathyroid disorders ,  kidney disease , and other conditions. Calcium is one of the most important  minerals  in your body. About 1% of the calcium in your body is in your blood. The rest is stored in your bones and teeth. Having the right amount of calcium in your blood is necessary for your nerves, muscles, and heart to work properly. It also helps blood vessels move blood throughout your body and helps release  hormones  that affect many body functions.