Khilafat movement in India # Indian History

The presentation describes the Khliafat Movement in india.It plays a very important role in the freedom struggle of India.

1. Khilafat Movement 1919-1924 Dr.Monica Sharma

2. The Ottoman Empire

3. Mehmed VI The Ottoman sultan and caliph (1918–20) during the nascence of the Khilafat movement in India. He was seen by pan-Islamists as the leader of the world wide Muslim community.

4. Mehmed VI 1861-1926

5. Causes The caliphate was endangered by Italian attacks (1911) The Balkan Wars (1912–13) and later by the empire’s defeat in World War I Treaty of Sèvres (August 1920), which dis membered the empire, not only detaching all non-Turkish regions from the empire but also giving parts of the Turkish homeland to Greece and other non-Muslim powers. This caused a great concern amongst the Muslims, including those in British India, about the compromise of the sacrosanct holy territories of Islam.

6. FIRST WORLD WAR WITH OTTOMAN EMPIRE BEING ON GERMANY’S SIDE During World War I, the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) joined the war in favour of Germany. But Turkey and Germany lost the war and Istanbul Accord was concluded between the allied forces on 3rd November, 1918. According to this Pact the territories of Turkey were to be divided among France, Greece and Britain

7. ISTANBUL ACCORD :DIVISION OF TURKEY Turkey Britain France Greece

8. WHY INDIAN MUSLIMS WERE UPSET? Indian Muslims had a deep-rooted devotion to the caliphate. They had profound respect for this holy institution. Therefore, their support to the British Government was subject to the safeguard and protection of the holy places of Turkey and that Turkey will not to be deprived of its territories. But the British Government could not fulfill both of these promises.

9. The Treaty of Sever’s 1920 was imposed on Turkey and its territories like Samarna , Thrace and Anatolia were wrested from it and distributed among European countries. A wave of anger swept across the Muslim World and the Indian Muslims rose against the British Government

10. OBJECTIVE OF THE MOVEMENT To protect the holy places of Turkey. To restore the territories of Turkey. To restore the Ottoman Empire.

11. LEADERS OF THE KHILAFAT MOVEMENT A campaign in defense of the caliphate was launched, led in India by the Ali brothers, Shaukat and Muḥammad Ali Other leaders included Abul Kalam Azad. The leaders joined forces with Mahatma Gandhi’s non-cooperation movement

12. THE THREE MAIN FOUNDATIONS OF THE KHILAFAT MOVEMENT IN INDIA Shaukat Ali 1873-1938 Mohammad Ali Jauhar 1878-1931 Abdul Kalam Azad 1888-1958

13. KHILAFAT DELEGATION IN LONDON In December 1919 a delegation was prepared by the Khilafat Committee which was sent to England under the leadership of Maulana Mohammad Ali Johar to see the British P.M, Cabinet Member and Members of Parliament to explain the Indian point of view regarding the Khilafat. The delegation visited England in 1920. The delegation addressed the House of Commons and met the British Prime Minister, Lloyd George who paid no heed to the delegations demand.

14. The delegation stayed in London for eight months and won many hearts and sympathies of people in Britain delivering speeches. The delegation returned to India unsuccessful in October 1920.

15. MAHATMA GANDHI’S ROLE IN KHILAFAT MOVEMENT Mahatma Gandhi saw the Khilafat Movement as a great opportunity to bring together the Hindus and the Muslims and their respective causes against one common authority of exploitation and domination. Therefore he, wholeheartedly supported the Khilafat Movement and became a member of the Central Khilafat Committee. In 1920, during the Nagpur Session of the Indian National Congress, Mahatma Gandhi linked the proposal of self-government better known as ‘Swaraj’ with the Khilafat concerns and demands and adopted the non-cooperation plan to accomplish the twin objectives.

16. KHILAFAT MOVEMENT AND HINDU MUSLIM UNITY This was mostly on account of the intertwining of the leaders of the Indian National Congress and the Khilafat Movement themselves. This campaign saw the popularization of the slogan ‘Hindu-Musalmaan ki Jai’ during strikes, protests and demonstrations across the country. The North-West Frontier Province, Bengal and Punjab regions were very active in terms of the Khilafat Movement.  Mahatma Gandhi along with Ali Brothers undertook a nation-wide tour during which he addressed hundreds of meetings. I

17. END OF THE MOVEMENT The unfortunate tragedy of Chauri Chaura on 5th February, 1922, where a mob of three thousand killed twenty-five policemen and one inspector changed the direction of the movement. Mahatma Gandhi on account of his selfless commitment to nonviolence ordered for the suspension of the movement. On the other hand, Turkey herself saw the abolition of this cause when in March 1924, the Sultanate Empire decided to be a Republic.

18. The abolition of Khilafat by Kamal Ataturk was a serious blow on Khilafat movement ,he exiled Sultan Abdul Majeed, a helpless Caliph and abolished Khilafat as an institution, As a result the khilafat movement all over the world came to a halt.

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