Kidney Stone Education for General - PPT English

Kidney Stone - How to diagnose, treat and prevent

1. Kidney Stone Prepared by: Mustafa Salar Jamal Supervisor: Beriwan Abdulqadir

2. Around 12% of the world population has kidney stones. Source: Adv Urol.2018

3. Kidney stones (renal calculi) are small, hard deposits of minerals & acid salts on the inner surfaces of the kidneys (bladder, renal tubules, ureter) Kidney Stones Composed of metabolic products present in glomerular filtrate These products are high conc.

4. Stones are classified by their location in the urinary system and their composition of crystals

5. Types of Stones Calcium Oxalate %80 Most common diet rich in oxalates calcium Phosphate ~ inborn errors Struvite %10 Commonly a result of UTI. Uric Acid %8 Caused by high protein diet and gout. Cystine ~%2 Fairly uncommon form in acidic urine

6. Causes of Kidney Stones Reduction in the urine volume Deficiency of stone-forming inhibitors

7. Kidney Stone Formation Highly concentrated metabolic product in urine - Low urinary volume, - increased fluid loss, - exertion metabolic prodoct - high plasma volume Change in urine PH - bacterial infection, - precip . Salts Urinary stagnation - obstruction of urinary flow Causes

8. Kidney Stone Formation UTI (Urine PH > 8 ) Medications Lasix, Topamax, Crixivan

9. Signs of Kidney Stones Pain in the abdomen or back region Nausea and vomiting Blood in urine

10. Signs of Kidney Stones I n c r e a s e d urination Painful u r i n at i on Fou l -sm e ll i ng urine

11. Problems due to Kidney Stones

12. If not treated, it may lead to: Chronic kidney disease Urinary tract infection Blockage of the Urinary tract

13. Diagnosing Kidney Stones

14. Kidney Stones can be diagnosed by: Blood test Ultraso u nd Urine analysis CT scan

15. Methods to remove Kidney Stones

16. Kidney Stones are removed either by: Pain medications Lithotripsy (ESWL) Medicines to pass the stones easily in urine

17. Kidney Stones are removed either by: Uret e ro s c o py Open surgery Tunnel surgery (percutaneous ne p hr o lit h ot o my)

18. 5 diet measures to curb Kidney Stones Drink enough water

19. 5 diet measures to curb Kidney Stones Limit salt

20. 5 diet measures to curb Kidney Stones Limit animal proteins

21. 5 diet measures to curb Kidney Stones Limit foods high in oxalates like berries, nuts and soya

22. 5 diet measures to curb Kidney Stones Cut down cola and sugars

23. References Ackley, B.J., & Ladwig , G.B. (2006). Nursing diagnosis handbook . St. Louis: Mosby, INC.. (2009). Kidney Stones . Retrieved from http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/k/kidney_stones/stats.htm (2009, September 30). Kidney Stones . Retrieved from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/kidneystones.html

24. KEEP CALM AND LOVE YOUR KIDNEY THANK YOU