kidney transplantation for nursingg.pptx

prepared by Alaa M. Abdul-Hamid

1. Nursing Department Kidney Transplantation & Dialysis Prepared by: Alaa M. Abdul-Hamid 2022

2. Kidney Transplantation Kidney transplantation involves transplanting a kidney from a living donor or deceased donor to a recipient who no longer has renal function

3. Concepts of Kidney Transplantation 1. A living donor is a person who is alive at the time of donation and may or may not be related to the recipient 2.A deceased or cadaveric transplant comes from someone who has died and donated his or her organs

4. 3. Transplantation from living donors who are related to the patient is slightly more successful than from cadaver donors.

5. Preoperative nursing care Explain the procedure and answer the questions Take the complete medical history Asked to fast (not eat or drink) for 8 hours before the procedure, generally after midnight

6. Cont.... Check the vital signs and monitor (ECG). If you smoke, stop smoking as soon as possible Laboratory tests include (CBC), electrolytes, (PT),(PTT), (BUN), (ABGs

7. Preoperative Medical Management A complete physical examination is performed Tissue typing, blood typing, and antibody screening are performed to determine compatibility free of infection at the time of renal transplantation Cont ….

8. 4)hemodialysis is often performed the day before the scheduled transplantation 5)Combinations of glucocorticoids

9. Signs and symptoms of rejection After kidney transplantation, the nurse assesses the patient for signs and symptoms of transplant rejection: Oliguria Edema Fever increasing blood pressure weight gain, and swelling

10. Preventing Infection Clinical manifestations of infection include shaking chills, Fever rapid heartbeat (tachycardia), and respirations (tachypnea) increase or a decrease in WBCs (leukocytosis or leukopenia).

11. Monitoring Urinary Function IV fluids are administered on the basis of urine volume and serum electrolyte Hemodialysis may be necessary postoperatively to maintain homeostasis vascular access for hemodialysis is monitored to ensure patency and to evaluate for evidence of infection.

12. Promoting Home and Community-Based Care Continuing Care verbal and written instructions are provided concerning diet, medication, instructions , fluids, daily weight, daily measurement of urine management of I&O, prevention of infection, avoidance of contact sports

13. Postoperative Medical Management control hemorrhage control pain, and infection All urine is saved and sent to the laboratory for analysis 6)immunosuppressive agents Combinations of glucocorticoids and other medications

14. Postoperative nursing care Monitor(ECG), blood pressure, breathing rate, and oxygen level every 15 minutes Assess respiratory and neurological status Assess quality, duration, location of pain Administer medications as ordered

15. Cont …… Place patient in comfortable position Administer oxygen as ordered Measure urine output and note characteristics