kinectic assignment.pptx

kinectic

1. Name: Jason Marshall Grace Edmondson Primary In-Service Lecturer: Miss Jacqueline Hopkinson

2. This neat row of cola bottles represents matter in three different states — solid, liquid , and   gas . The bottles and caps are solids, the cola is a liquid, and carbon dioxide dissolved in the cola is a gas. It gives cola its fizz. Solids, liquids, and gases such as these have different properties. Solids have a fixed shape and a fixed volume. Liquids also have a fixed volume but can change their shape. Gases have neither a fixed shape nor a fixed volume. What explains these differences in   states of matter ? The answer has to do with   energy.

3. Moving Matter Energy is the ability to cause changes in matter. For example, your body uses chemical energy when you lift your arm or take a step. In both cases, energy is used to move matter—you. Any matter that is moving has energy just because it’s moving. The energy of moving matter is called kinetic energy. Scientists think that the particles of all matter are in constant motion. In other words, the particles of matter have kinetic energy. The theory that all matter consists of constantly moving particles is called the kinetic theory of matter.

4. kinetic theory of matter The theory that all matter consists of constantly moving particles.

5. Kinetic Energy and States of Matter Differences in kinetic energy explain why matter exists in different states. Particles of matter are attracted to each other, so they tend to pull together. The particles can move apart only if they have enough kinetic energy to overcome this force of attraction. It’s like a tug of war between opposing sides, with the force of attraction between particles on one side and the kinetic energy of individual particles on the other side. The outcome of the “war” determines the state of matter.

6. Kinetic Energy determines the states of matter If particles do not have enough kinetic energy to overcome the force of attraction between them, matter exists as a solid . The particles are packed closely together and held rigidly in place. All they can do is vibrate. This explains why solids have a fixed volume and a fixed shape. If particles have enough kinetic energy to partly overcome the force of attraction between them, matter exists as a liquid . The particles can slide past one another but not pull apart completely. This explains why liquids can change shape but have a fixed volume. If particles have enough kinetic energy to completely overcome the force of attraction between them, matter exists as a gas . The particles can pull apart and spread out. This explains why gases have neither a fixed volume nor a fixed shape.

7. How could you use a bottle of cola to demonstrate these relationships between kinetic energy and state of matter? You could shake a bottle of cola and then open it. Shaking causes carbon dioxide to come out of the cola solution and change to a gas. The gas fizzes out of the bottle and spreads into the surrounding air, showing that its particles have enough kinetic energy to spread apart. Then you could tilt the open bottle and pour out a small amount of the cola on a table, where it will form a puddle. This shows that particles of the liquid have enough kinetic energy to slide over each other but not enough to pull apart completely. If you do nothing to the solid glass of the cola bottle, it will remain the same size and shape. Its particles do not have enough energy to move apart or even to slide over each other.

8. When heat is added When heat is added the particles start to move faster changing from one state to another.

9. the effects of heat on the molecular particles in matter

10. Examples of Kinetic Energy in Everyday Life Hydropower Plants Hydropower plants are places where the generation of electricity takes place with the help of water. When the moving water, possessing some kinetic energy, hits the turbine present in the dam, the kinetic energy of the water gets converted into mechanical energy. This mechanical energy moves the turbines and then, ultimately, it leads to the production of electrical energy.

11. Windmills Windmills form one of the good examples of applications of kinetic energy. In a windmill, when the wind (air in motion) hits the blades, it causes the rotation, which ultimately leads to the generation of electricity. Here, the moving air has kinetic energy that causes the rotation of blades, and therefore, in this example too, the kinetic energy is converted into mechanical energy.

12. Inflating a tire When you pump air into a tire, the gas molecules inside the tire get compressed and packed closer together. This increases the pressure of the gas, and it starts to push against the walls of the tire.

13. Use of hair spray When you spray a can of hair spray, it increases the pressure of gas, causing the volume of gas to be release(decrease).

14. Use of oxygen tanks In environments where oxygen is in low supply, it can be provided from a tank. Since gases are very compressible, a large amount of oxygen can be stored in a relatively small container. When it is released, the volume expands and the pressure decreases. The gas is then available for breathing under normal pressure.

15. Reference 7.1: Kinetic Molecular Theory: A Model for Gases. (2016, November 19). Chemistry LibreTexts . https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/Valley_City_State_University/Chem_115/Chapter_7%3A_States_of_Matter/7.1%3A_Kinetic_Molecular_Theory%3A_A_Model_for_Gases ‌The Kinetic Theory of Matter: Definition & The Four States of Matter - Video & Lesson Transcript | Study.com. (2019). Study.com. https://study.com/academy/lesson/the-kinetic-theory-of-matter-definition-the-four-states-of-matter.html