Kingdom fungi

Kingdom Fungi includes Unicellular ( Yeast) or multicellular and filamentous (Penicillium) organisms.
Unicellular organisms have a protoplast with many nuclei e.g. Rhizopus or with a single nucleus e.g. Yeast.
Filamentous organisms consist of a body called Mycelium in which a number of thread like structures called Hypae are present.

1. Kingdom Fungi

2. Kingdom Fungi Deparment Of Botany Preapared by Dr. P. B.Cholke (Assistant Professor in Botany) Pune District Education Association’s Anantrao Pawar College ,Pirangut, Tal-Mulshi, Dist -Pune- 412115

3. Kingdom: Fungi Kingdom Fungi includes Unicellular ( Yeast) or multicellular and filamentous ( Penicillium ) organisms. Unicellular organisms have a protoplast with many nuclei e.g. Rhizopus or with a single nucleus e.g. Yeast. Filamentous organisms consist of a body called Mycelium in which a number of thread like structures called Hypae are present.

4. The hyphae with septa is known as septate . The hyphae without septa is known as aseptate . Hyphae may be uninucleated or multinucleated . The non- septate multinucleated hyphae are called coenocytic hyphae .

5. The cell wall in fungi is composed of Chitin or fungal cellulose. Fungi contain well organized membrane bound cell organelles except the chloroplast . Fungi exhibit heterotrophic mode of nutrition . most are saprophytes - They absorb food which is decomposed (digested) outside. Some are parasites or predators and some are symbiotic. Reproduction is vegetative, asexual or sexual.

6. Classification of Fungi A) Phycomycetes B) Ascomycetes C) Basidiomycetes D) Deuteromycetes

7. A) Phycomycetes Commonly called as Algal Fungi. Body consist of coenocytic hyphae . These fungi commonly grow in moist and damp habitats on decaying organic matter. They reproduce asexually by spore formation. Spores are endogenous, which are produced inside the sporangia( spore mother cell). Examples: Mucor Rhizopus Albigo is a parasitic phycomycetes .

8. B) Ascomycetes Commonly called as Sac Fungi. They are mostly multicellular , body is of thallus like or somatic body composed of branched septate hyphae . They produce endogenous sexual spores called ascospores in sac like structure called asci . Some produce fruiting bodies ( ascocarps ) which enclose asci . The asexual and endogenously produced spores are called as conidia .

9. Conidia are produced at the tip of septate hyphae called conidiophores. Examples: Aspergillus Penicillium Neurospora Yeast is an example of unicellular ascomycetes .

10. C) Basidiomycetes Are Commonly called as Club Fungi. It includes bracket fungi, rusts, smuts etc. They have branched septate hyphae . Asexual reproduction is absent but they reproduce by vegetative method by means of fragmentation . Sex organs are lacking. The fusion of two vegetative cells or somatic cells called somatogamy, produces dikaryotic mycelium which give rise to basidia or a firuiting body called basidiocarp .

11. Basidiocarp contains many basidia which produce sexual spores called basidiospores, exogenously. Examples: Agaricus , Ustilago , Puccinia etc.

12. D) Deuteromycetes It is temporary group of fungi . They reproduce only asexually. They are commonly called imperfect fungi. When their sexual reproduction is discovered they are transferred to their respective group. They mostly decomposers, while few are parasitic. Examples: Alternaria , colletotrichum , Tricophyton etc.