Kopya ng Pananakop-ng-Amerikano.pdf educ

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2. America’s
Industrialization
in the 19
th
Century
Andrew Carnegie -
steel
John Rockefeller -oil
Cornelius Vanderbilt
-railroads
Charles Goodyear –
rubber (tires)
J.P Morgan –bank
Randolph Hearst -
newspapers

3. American
Beliefs
•Manifest Destiny
•America was destined by
God to expand beyond
North America to the
Pacific
•American Exceptionalism
•America differs
qualitatively from the
rest of the world
•Anglo-Saxonism
•Americans and English
people are a single race
with superior
intelligence who are
destined for world
domination

4. 5D’s (American Motives for Colonization)
Dollar
New markets for
American goods
Stepping stone to
Asian Market like
China
Source of
materials for
America’s colonies
Defense
Strategic location
for a naval base
Military launching-
pad
Destiny
Expansion without
appending a
country
Desire for an
overseas empire
Deity
Wanted to convert
the Philippines to
Protestantism
Duty
White Man’s
Burden

5. Road to Spanish-US war
•Political
•“Yellow Journalists” from Hearst Newspapers leaked the
letter of Enrique de Lome(Spanish Ambassador to US) to his
friend in Havana that the American President (William
McKinley) is a weak and inferior politican
•Yellow Journalism
•Social
•The Cuban Revolution had won the sympathy of the
Americans
•Economic
•Americans had big investment in Cuba
(sugar)

6. Virginia
Massachusetts
New Hampshire New Jersey
New York
Maryland Rhode Island
Connecticut Delaware
North Carolina
South Carolina
Pennsylvania
Georgia

7. USS Maine Havana
Harbor in Cuba
•On Feb. 15, 1898 the American battleship
USS Maine mysteriously exploded at
Havana Harbor in Cuba, killing 246 men.
Spain was blamed for the mishap
•US Congress passed the Teller Resolution
declaring a state of war between US and
Spain on April 21, 1898
•On April 25, 1898 the Congress of the
United State formally declared the war on
Spain.

8. Battle of Manila Bay
(May 1, 1898)
•Commodore George Dewey (US)
–USS Olympia
•Admiral Patricio Montojo(Spain)
–Reina Cristina

9. Aguinaldo Returns
•Aguinaldo took McCulloch and arrived at
Manila Bay on May 19
•May 28-After a victory in Imus, Aguinaldo
unfurled the new national flag which was
sewn by Marcela Agoncilloand her
companions in Hong Kong.
•Ambrosio RianzaresBaustistaadvised
Aguinaldo to create a dictatorial
government
•Aguinaldo offered Gov. Gen Basilio Agustin
the terms of an honorable surrender
•Despite orders from Spain to surrender,
Agustin decided to surrender to the
Americans only
•Apolinario Mabini advised Aguinaldo to shift
from dictatorial to revolutionary
government
•Jun 12, 1898 –declaration of Independence

10. Germany’s Intentions
•They looked for lands to colonize
•1
st
plan –place Philippines under German
Prince; 2
nd
–divide the Philippines among
world powers including Germany; 3
rd
–
place country among world powers
•Cormoranwarship provoked the Americans
when they did not stop at the bay; Dewey
threatened war
•British-American Forces combined stopped
the Germans from entering Manila

11. Start of
American
Betrayal
•Pio Del Pilar and Artemio
Ricartewarned Aguinaldo
that the Americans appear to
deceive them and that they
may have to fight the
Americans in the future.
•August 13, 1898-The Mock
Battle of Manila took place by
noontime; Gov. Gen Fermin
Jaudenesalong with other US
officials discussed the terms
of surrender in San Agustin
Church

12. Treaty of Paris
(December 10,
1898)
•Spain turned over the
Philippines, Guam and Puerto
Rico to the United States for
the sum $20,000,000 as a
payment for the improvement
made by Spain in the
Philippines
•Allowed Spain to ship
commodities to the
Philippines for a period of 10
years
•Did not take effect until the US
Congress ratified it.
•Filipino Diplomats exerted
efforts to stop its ratification
in Washington

13. Malolos Congress
•Pedro Paterno –President of
the Congress
•135 members, 42 elected
while the rest were
appointed
•3 drafts-Mabini, Paterno and
Felipe Calderon

14. Cabinet Members
Mabini Cabinet
Foreign Affairs and Gov’t
Council –Apolinario Mabini
Interior –Teodoro Sandiko
War and Navy –Baldomero
Aguinaldo
Finance –Mariano Trias
Development –GracioGonzaga
Paterno Cabinet
Gov’t Council –Pedro Paterno
Foreign Affairs –Felipe Buencamino
Interior –Severino de las Alas
War and Navy –Mariano Trias
Finance –Hugo Ilagan
Public Administration –AguedoVelarde
Public Works and Communications –
Leon Ma. Guerrero
Industry, Commerce and Agriculture –
MaximinoPaterno

15. Malolos Congress
President –Pedro
Paterno; Ambrosio
Bautista
Vice Pres–Benito
Legarda
Secretaries –Gregorio
Araneta, Pablo
Ocampo

16. •First Republic in Asia
•Unicameral Legislature
•93 delagates, 35 elected
while the rest were
appointed when the
Congress convened
•Legislative branch is more
powerful than the
executive branch
MalolosRepublic

17. Audiencia dela Capital
(Supreme Court)
Presidente-GracioGonzaga
Presidentede la Sala -Juan Arceo, Felix
Ferrer
Magistrados-DeograciasReyes, Juan
Tongco, Pablo Tecson, Ygnacio
Villamor
DelegadoFiscal -Arsenio C. Herrera
Abogados Fiscales-Ambrosio Delgado,
Epifanio Santos
46 regional judges

18. •Universidad
ScientificoLiteraria
inside Barasoian
Church in Malolos
(law, medicine,
pharmacy, liberal arts-
English, French and
Spanish)
•Instituto Burgos –High
school and
Trade/vocational
school
•Academia Militarby
Antonio Luna –headed
by Col. Manuel Sityar

19. Autonomy over Independence
•Autonomy –protectorate under US vs. absolute
independence
•Aguinaldo was waiting which side would have the
majority
•Only Antonio Luna and ApolinarioMabiniwere pro-
independence
•GracioGonzaga over Mabinias Chief Justice

20. President McKinley did not know what to do with
the Philippines
But he was surrounded by men who had interest in
making the Philippines an American colony
Mckinley: “the islands were a gift from the gods”
Cannot be returned to Spain-cowardice and
dishonorable
Cannot be turned over to France or Germany –bad
business and discreditable
Cannot leave them to themselves –unfit for self-
government
“There is nothing left for us to do but to take them all,
and to educate the Filipinos, and uplift and civilize
and Christianize them, and by God’s grace, do the
very best we could by them, as our fellowmen whom
Christ also died.”

21. Benevolent Assimilation (Dec 21, 1898)
•With the signature of the treaty of peace between the United
States and Spain by their plenipotentiaries at Paris on the 10
th
instant, and as a result of the victories of American arms, the
future control, disposition, and government of the Philippine
Islands are ceded to the United States”.
•It will be the duty of the commander of the forces of occupation to
announce and proclaim in the most public manner that we come,
not as invaders or conquerors, but as friends, to protect the
natives in their homes, in their employments. And in their personal
and religious rights.
•All persons who, either by active aid or by honest submission, co-
operate with the Government of the US to give effect to these
beneficent purposes will receive the reward of its support and
protection. All others will be brought within the lawful rule we
have assumed, with firmness if need be, but without severity, so
far as possible.

22. Anti-Imperialist League
Mark Twain
•Poet
Andrew Carnegie
•Businessman
William Jennings Bryan
•Legislator
Pro-Imperialists
Henry Watterson
•Editor of the Louisville Courier-
Journal
Theodore Roosevelt
•Cavalry commander in Cuba
Alfred J. Beveridge
•Senator

23. White Man’s Burden by Rudyard
Kippling
(April 1, 1899)
TAKE up the White Man’s Burden
Send forth the best ye breed
Go, bind your sons to exile
To serve your captive’s need;
To wait, in heavy hairness,
On fluttered folk and wild
Your new-caught sullen peoples,
Half devil and half child

24. Filipino-American war
•Feb. 1, 1899 –a group of American Engineers was
arrested and detained by Filipinos troops because
they were found within the latters’ lines
•Feb. 2, 1899 –General Arthur MacArthur protested
the presence of some Filipino soldiers within the
American lines.
•Feb. 4, 1899. Private Willie W. Grayson shot two
unarmed Filipino soldiers on the corner of Sociego
& Silencio Streets in Santa Mesa, Manila
•Filipinos who were employed by American firms
were fired
•Many of the Filipino commanders were not at their
posts
•On Feb. 4, 1899 American newspapers said that it
was the Filipinos who started the war.
•On February 6, the Senate voted to pass the Treaty
of Paris.

25. Aguinaldo’s Declaration
of War on the US (Feb 4,
1899)
•Summoned by this unexpected provocation, urged by
the duties imposed upon me by honor and patriotism
and for the defense of the nation entrusted to me,
calling on God as a witness of my good faith and the
uprightness of my intentions, I order and command:
–1. Peace and friendly relations between the
Philippine forces and the American forces of
occupation are broken, and the latter will be
treated as enemies, within the limits prescribed by
the laws of war.
–2. American soldiers who may be captured by the
Philippine forces will be treated as prisoners of
war
–3. This proclamation shall be communicated to the
accredited consuls of Manila, and to Congress, in
order that it may accord the suspension of the
constitutional guarantees and the resulting
declaration of war.

26. Our fighting blood
was up, and we all
wanted to kill niggers
and gugus

28. •TheAmericanswonintheBattleofLa
Loma,neartheChinesecemeterywhere
MajorJoseTorresBugallondiedincombat
•LaLomainhishands(MacArthur),
proceededtoCaloocanwherehewasmet
byGeneralAntonioLuna’sforce.
•Lunawasdefeatedinthisbattle(Battleof
Caloocan)

29. Filipino troops have few victories
Battle Date Leader Result
Quingua
(now
Plaridel)
April 23,
1899.
Gen
Gregorio del
Pilar
Gen Franklin Bell was
defeated forces and
Col. John Stotsenberg
was killed
Pulang LupaSept 13,1900Col.
Maximo
Abad
Captured 50 American
soldiers under Capt.
Deveraux Shields
Mabitac,
Laguna
Sept. 17,
1900
Gen. Juan
Cailles
Col. Benjamin
Cheatham’s forces
were defeated
San Mateo December 18,
1899
Gen Licerio
Geronimo
General
Lawton was killed in
the battle

30. Defeats of the Filipinos
VICTORY OF THE
AUTONOMISTS
SCHURMAN
COMMISSION
ASSASINATION OF
ANTONIO LUNA (JUNE
2, 1899)
BATTLE OF TIRADPASS
(DEC 1, 1899)
CAPTURE OF
AGUINALDO (APRIL 1,
1901)

31. SchurmanCommission
•Led by Dr. Jacob Schurmanon
March 4, 1899
•Arrived at the time of Filipino-
American War

32. Mabini’s Reply to the
SchurmanCommission
(April 15, 1899)
You see well that the North American
Government pretends to impose its
sovereignty over the Philippine Islands,
invoking a title completely void…Moreover , in
this cession no intervention was allowed to
the representatives of the Filipino people, to
whom belongs the sovereignty of the islands,
according to natural rights and international
laws.. It seems that it pleases them more not
to have an agreement , so that they may treat
us as they please after having subjected us to
their domination…Open your eyes my beloved
countrymen, while there is time.. It matters
not if we die in the midst or at the end of a
painful journey; the generations to come,
while praying over our tombs, will grant us
tears of love and gratitude, not of bitter
reproach.

33. Bates Treaty (Aug 20, 1899)
Allowed the Americans
to occupy Jolo
1
Sultan of Sulu and Gen
John Bates negotiated
2
Sultan was allowed to
collect taxes and fly his
own flag in areas
unoccupied by the
Americans
3
Tactic by the Americans
to focus their attention
on the war in the
northern islands

34. Aguinaldo’s
Proclamation of
Surrender to US
(April 19, 1901)
The country has declared
unmistakably in favor of peace; so
be it. Enough of blood; enough of
tears and desolation. This wish
cannot be ignored by the men still
in arms if they are animated by no
other desire than to serve this
noble people which has clearly
manifested its will…
By acknowledging and accepting
the sovereignty of the US
throughout the entire Archipelago,
as I now do without any
reservations whatsoever, I believe
that I am serving thee, my beloved
country. May happiness be thine!

35. Water Curing
•Done by forcing water into the stomach of a person until it gets filled.
•The person would then be asked to lie on his back & an American soldier
would jump on his stomach
•Placing a rope around a person’s neck & then twisting it to choke him.
•Beating the victim until he become blue in the face.
•Many Filipinos were recruited as guides, spies ex. Ex-guardiacivils, and
Pampangosoldiers in the Spanish army
Open your
mouth! Gugu!

36. Gen. Jacob Smith –“Pacify Samar… the more you
kill and burn the better it will please me”
BalanggigaMassacre

37. •The revolutionaries
surrendered gradually
(Lukban, Malvar, Ola)
•Sakay’s Tagalog Republic
•Millenarians (Dios-Dios,
Pulajanes, Babaylanes)
•Philippine Constabulary
composed of old Spanish
guardia civils and
Macabebe scouts
•Irreconcilables (Mabini,
Tandang Sora)