Krishnadevaraya

History

1. First BA History Subject: History Title of the Paper: History of India(From 900 AD to 1707 AD) Second Semester Fourth Unit: KRISHNADEVARAYA, TULUVA DYNASTY Dr.T.Kaliappan Associate Professor of History Vivekanada College Tiruvedakam West, 625234 25-04-2020

2. KRISHNADEVARAYA, TULUVA DYNASTY

3. Introduction: In 1505 Immadi , the King of Vijayanagar Empire ( Saluva dynasty) was killed by Veera Narasimha and declared himself as King and established the Tuluva dynasty. Tuluva dynasty ruled from 1505 to 1570. After Veera Narasingh his younger brother Krishnadevaraya became the Kind who ruled from 1509 to 1529. He conquered every war he fought during his time. He made the Kingdom of Vijaya Nagar a prosperous state and raised its prestige to the highest point. He was the third ruler of the Tuluva dynasty . The Portuguese traveler, Domingo Paes who stayed at Vijaya Nagar during his rule, writes that he was an educated ideal King and a great judge.

4. Military achievements of Krihsnadevaraya In 1510, Krishnadevaraya marched against the rebellious Chief of Ummattur in Southern Mysore. The Chief was defeated and the fort of Sivasamudram was captured . War with Kalinga : The Gajapatis of Odisha ruled a vast land comprising Andra region, Odisha . The Vijayanagar army laid siege to the to the Udayagiri fort in 1512. In 1512 Krishna Deva Raya took possession of Raichur . In 1513, he attacked Gajapathy Prataparudra the ruler of Orissa.

5. In 1514, he captured the fortress of Udayagiri In 1515, he captured the strong fortress of Kondavidu and other minor fortress. In another campaign against the ruler of Orissa, Krishnadevaraya besieged Kondapalli and captured it. Prataparudra eventually surrendered to Vijayanagar Empire, and he gave his daughter, Princes Jaganmohini , in marriage to Vijayanagar Empire. Krishnadevaraya returned all the lands that the Vijayanagar Empire captured to the North of the Krishna River, this made the Krishna river boundary between the Vijayanagar and the Gajapathy kingdoms.

6. Udayagiri Fort

7. Relations with Portuguese Krishnadevaraya established friendly relations with the Portuguese The Emperor obtained guns and Arabian horses from the Portuguese merchants. In 1510, Albuquerque, the Portuguese Governor, asked for permission to build a fort at Bhatkal and the same was granted.

8. War with Bahmini Sultans: In 1509, Krishnadevaraya’s armies clashed with the Sultan Sams - ud -din Zafar Khan of Bijapur at Diwani and the sultan was severely injured and defeated. In 1512 KDR defeated and killed Yusuf Adil Khan and captured the Raichur Doab . Krishna Devarayara annexed Kovilkonda . The Sultan of Golkinda Quali Qutab Shah was defeated by Timmarasu , who was the Prime Minister of Krishnadevaraya .

9. Final conflict The highlight of his conquest occurred on 19 th May 1520 where Krishnadevaraya secured the fortress of Raichur from Ismail Adil Shah of Bijapur . Finally in his last battle, he razed to the ground the fortress of Gulburga , the early capital of Bahmani sultanate. His Empre was extended over the whole of South India . In 1524, the emperor appointed his 6 year old son, Tirumalaraya , as the crown prince. In the same year, the young boy died of poisoning. Krishnadevaraya dies in 1529. Before his death he nominated his brother Achuta Devaraya as his successor.

10. KRISHNADEVARAJA Empire

11. Internal affairs of Krishnadevaraya : He abolished some of the obnoxious taxes such as the marriage fee He increased revenue, he brought new lands und cultivation by ordering deforestation for the cultivation. The administrative language of the Empire was Kannada and Telugu. Krishnadevaraya was a Vaishnavaite . Be he respected all religions. He was a devotee of Lord Venkateshwara of Tirupathy .

12. Krishnadevaraya’s contribution of Architecture He built Vijaya Mahal , Hazara Ramasamy Temple and Vithala samy Temple at Vijayanagr ( Hampi ). He also built many Rajagopurams . Hazara Ramasamy Temple

13. Vithala samy Temple Hampi

14. A new city was built called “ Nagalapuram ” in memory of his mother Nagaladevi . The Krishna Temple at Hamnpi , Karnataka is a notable one with unique Architecture. This temple build by KDR to commorate the success of this Orisa Campaign. This temple is dedicated toLord Balakrishna , the form of Lord Krishna when he was infant. This temple was built by Krishnadevaraya in 15134 AD.

15. Krishna Temple in Hampi

16. Krishnadevaraya repaired and restored many south Indian temples. Hence most of the big towers on Temples in South India have the name Rayagopuram in his honour . The Virupaksha temple is considered as the most sacred temple lat Hampi . The three storied gopura and the ornate ranga mandapa (enclosed pillared hall) were built by Krishnadevaraya . The ceiling of the ranga mandpa is full of beautiful paintings of Vijayanar times

17. The Ranga Mandapa Virupaksha T emple Hampi

18. Virupaksha Temple Hampi Painting

19. Patron of Poets and literature: Krishnadevaraya was also patron of the arts, especially literature. The Emperor is known to have been a Patron of Poets of various languages, including Sanskrit, Telugu, Tamil and Kannada. His period came to be known as the “Golden Age of Telugu literature”. Krishnadevaraya himself was author of three noted works: Amuktamalyada in Telugu and Jambavathy kalyanam and Usha parayanam in Sanskrit.

20. His court was adorned by eight great Poets called the “ Ashtadiggajas ”/ Ashtadiggajas and their works . Allasani Peddanna – Manucharitram , Harikathasarammsanu Tenali Rama Krishna – Panduranga Mahatmyamu Nandi Thimmana – Parijathapahranam Madayyagari Mallana – Rajasekara Charitram Dhurgathi – Kalahasti Mahatyamu Ayyalaraju Rama Bhatra – Ramabhudayama Pingali Surana – Raghava Pandaviyamu and Rama Raj Bhushnna – Kavyalankarasangrahamu

21. Astadiggajas

22. Allasani Peddana

23. The peak of literary developments was reached during the reign of Krishnadevaraya , who is rightly called “ Andra Bhoja ”   Among the eight poets, Allasani Peddana isconsidered to be the greatest and given the title “ Andra Kavita Pitamaha ” )the father of Telugu poetry” who wrote manucharitram

24. Conclusion: Krishnadevaraya was great warrior, benevolent administrator, patriot of Art and architecture and above all he was good human being. Under him Vijayanagar attained the zenith of the greatness and prosperity.