Krukenberg Tumor- A rare type of ovarian carcinoma

this is about a type of ovarian tumor with its specific manifestations

1. Krukenberg Tumor: Diagnosis and Management A Comprehensive Overview

2. Introduction - A Krukenberg tumor is a metastatic ovarian tumor originating from a primary site, commonly the gastrointestinal tract (e.g., stomach, colon). - Key Features: - Bilateral involvement - Mucin-secreting signet-ring cells

3. Epidemiology - Incidence: Rare, ~1-2% of all ovarian tumors. - Age Group: Typically affects women aged 40–60. - Primary Sites: - Stomach (most common) - Colon - Breast (rare)

4. Pathophysiology - Mechanism of Spread: Hematogenous or lymphatic spread from the primary tumor. - Histology: - Signet-ring cells in mucin pools. - Stromal involvement.

5. Clinical Presentation - Symptoms: - Abdominal pain - Pelvic mass - Ascites - Weight loss - Signs: - Bilateral ovarian masses - Possible Virchow's node enlargement (if gastric origin).

6. Diagnosis - Investigations: - Imaging: Ultrasound, CT, MRI. - Tumor Markers: CA-125, CEA, CA 19-9. - Biopsy: Histopathological confirmation. - Endoscopy: To identify primary site (e.g., gastroscopy, colonoscopy).

7. Management - Surgical: - Cytoreductive surgery (debulking). - Bilateral oophorectomy. - Chemotherapy: - Based on the primary tumor. - Common agents: FOLFOX, FOLFIRI (for GI origin). - Palliative Care: For advanced stages.

8. Prognosis - Survival Rates: Poor; often diagnosed at an advanced stage. - Factors Affecting Prognosis: - Primary tumor site and stage. - Extent of metastasis. - Response to treatment.

9. Case Study Brief summary of a real or hypothetical case. Images of diagnostic scans and treatment outcomes.

10. Conclusion - Early detection is crucial for better outcomes. - Multidisciplinary approach is essential. - Ongoing research is needed to improve survival rates.