KYASANUR FOREST DISEASE.pptx

KFD - epidemiology, prevention and control

1. KYASANUR FOREST DISEASE Dr Jazeela Mohamed Siddique Senior Resident Department of Community Medicine Govt. TD Medical College, Alappuzha

2. INTRODUCTION Arthropod borne viral haemorrhagic disease Febrile disease Transmitted to man by bite of infective ticks

3. HISTORY 1957 : First recognised in Shimoga district of Karnataka Monkey disease Kyasanur Forest locality Mortality in monkeys  acute febrile prostrating illness among villagers few human deaths

4. PROBLEM STATEMENT Original focus – Shimoga , Karnataka Spread to other districts of Karnataka 2013 : Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu Wayanad, Kerala 2014 : Malappuram, Kerala 2015 : North Goa 2016 : Sindhudurg, Maharashtra

5. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DETERMINANTS KFDV – member of group B Togavirus (Flavivirus) Prolonged viraemia in man ≥10 days Agent factors

6. Age: 20 – 40 years Sex: males > females Occupation: Cultivators visiting forest with cattle or cutting wood Epidemic correlates with human activity in forests ; January to June Host factors

7. Tropical evergreen, deciduous forests Clearing of forests for cultivation  change in tick flora and fauna Environment factors

8. Reservoir (Maintenance host) : small mammals – rats, squirrels, shrews Amplifying host: Monkeys Maintain tick population: Cattles Incidental or dead end host: Man Natural host and reservoirs Incubation period : 2 – 8 days

9. Hard ticks of genus Haemophysalis H. spinigera H. turtura Human and monkey infections  drier months (Jan – June)  peak nymphal activity Vectors Modes of transmission Bite of infective ticks (nymphs) Transtadial transmission

10. CLINICAL FEATURES Acute phase sudden onset fever, headache, myalgia, prostration 2 weeks Severe cases : GI disturbances, haemorrhagic manifestations Second phase After an afebrile period of 7 – 21 days Mild meningoencephalitis Case fatality rate: 5-10%

11. DIAGNOSIS History – occupation, travel to forests Clinical signs and symptoms Confirmation Virus in blood Serological evidence Conservative Antipyretics Analgesics Supportive therapy TREATMENT

12. PREVENTION & CONTROL Control of ticks aircraft mounted equipment to dispense carbaryl, fenthion at 2.24 kg/hectare at forest floor Spraying within 50 m around hotspots (monkey deaths) Restriction of cattle movement  reduces vector population

13. Personal protection Adequate clothing- population at risk Examine bodies at end of the day and remove ticks Discourage habit of sitting, lying on ground Insect repellants : DMP, DEET

14. Vaccination Population at risk – Killed KFD vaccine 2 doses – 1 month apart Booster doses to be taken every 6-9 months

15. THANK YOU https://www.slideshare.net/JazeelaMohamedSiddiq