L-1- Introduction to Forestry and Agro-Forestry W-23.pdf

A comprehensive introduction of Forestry and Agroforestry.

1. Lecture No. 1

2. FRW-305 3(2-1)

3. BasicConcepts,Importanceand
Potentialof ForestryandAgro-
Forestry
FunctionalTreeMorphology
PlantGrowthand Environment
PrinciplesofForestryand
Agroforestry
LandCapabilityClassification
IntroductiontoVarious
AgroforestrySystems
DistributionofTreesinthe
Farmlands
TreeHarvestingand Utilization
100 terms related to Forestry
COURSE CONTENTS
Contents forMidExam Contents for Final Exam
TreePlantinginProblemSoils
ForestTypesof Pakistan
IntroductiontoRangeandits
Importance, RangeEcosystem
PrinciplesofRange
Management
Rangelandsof Pakistan
IntroductiontoWildlifeandits
Importance, Principlesof
WildlifeManagement
ImportantWildlifeSpeciesof
Pakistan
40 terms of Forestry + 40 terms
of Range Management + 20
terms of Wildlife Management

4. FOREST
A stable community of plants and animals
dominated by woody vegetation.
(OR)
Aplantcommunitypredominantlyof trees
andother woodyvegetationoccupyingan
extensiveareaoflandusually withclosed
canopy.

5. Province/
Territory
Total Land Area
(in million ha)
Forest Area
(in million ha)
Forest Area
In percentage
(%)
KPK 10.17 1.16 11.41
Sindh 14.09 0.65 4.61
Punjab 20.63 0.59 2.86
Balochistan 34.72 0.95 2.74
Northern Areas 7.04 0.95 13.49
Azad Kashmir 1.33 0.42 31.58
Total 87.98 4.72 5.36
DISTRIBUTION OF FOREST AREA
IN PAKISTAN

6. WOOD
The tissues ofthe stemandrootofawoody
plant lyingbetween the pithandcambium;
servingfor water conduction, mechanical
strength and food storage;characterizedby
thepresenceofvessels andtracheidscells.
TIMBER
Wood prepared for use in building and carpentry

7. TREE
Aperennialwoodygreenplantwitha
distinct uprightstem of6 feetormore
height.

8. SHRUB
Aperennialwoodygreenplant whose stem
cannotbedistinguishedfrombranches

9. FORESTRY
Applicationofscience andartstomange a
forestforgettingmaximum yieldson
sustained bases.

10. RANGE
A vastareasupportingindigenous
vegetationthat iseithergrazedorhas the
potentialtobe grazed andmanagedas a
naturalecosystemiscalled Range.

11. RANGEMANAGEMENT
Scienceandart ofobtainingmaximum
production fromarangelandonsustained
basisiscalled RangeManagement.

12. ADVANTGESOFFORESTS
oIntermsof5
Fs:
Fruit
Forage
Fuel
Fiber
Fertilizer

13. BENEFITSOFTREES

14. ADVANTGESOFFOREST

15. TreesTakeourwastecarbondioxide
RelationshipbetweenforestsandGHE
AdditionofCO2 byartificial waythrough
burningof fossilfuel:
Railway,Industries,automobilesand
domestic cooking
TheExcessCO
2hascreatedaGHE
CO
2allows solar radiation to penetrate
through earth surface but does not allow
earth radiation topassthroughand radiate
backto space
ADVANTGESOFFOREST

16. REMEMBER THAT:
To grow a pound of wood, a
tree uses 1.47 pounds of
carbon dioxide and gives off
1.07 poundsofoxygen.
Reference:http://www.uky.edu/Agriculture/Forestry/forestry.html
A mature leafy tree produces as
much oxygen ina seasonas10
peopleinhaleinayear

17. POTENTIAL OF A TREE TO PRODUCE
PER DAY OXYGEN IN TERMS OF RUPEES
A human being uses about550 liters of pure
oxygenper day.
At present Price of oxygen = Rs50 per liter
Cost for 550 liters oxygen=550 x 50=Rs
27500/-
Total Required Oxygen for the availability of
550 liters = 2200 liters
Cost for 2200 liters oxygen =2200 x 50= Rs
110,000/-
A mature leafytreecanproducesabout
226 litres (323 g) of oxygenper day
amountingto Rs. (226 x 50)= 11300/-

19. SOMEOTHERADVANTGES OF
FORESTS
Medicines
•Smoke of Neempowder is mosquito
repellent
•EucalyptusandCassiafistula:Treatment
of influenza
RawMaterial:Forsportsand decoration
pieces
Dyes,Gums, Resinsand Tannins
OtherMinorForest Products

20. INDIRECTADVANTAGES OFFOREST
Sourceof
income:
i.Increasecropproduction
ii.Minorforestproducts
iii.Honeyfromforest.
iv.SilkbyraringSilkwormon
Morusalba.
v.Provisionofrawmaterialfor
Industries
vi.Poles,plywood,timber,paper
board, gums, oils, sport
goods.
Rhizobium(innodules),
Nitrobacteria(inSoils),etc.
Improvesoilstructure
(byaddingorganicmatter)
SoilFertility:
(N-Fixation)
Landscaping

21. RoleforEnvironmental Stability
•Moderationofclimate
•Shelterbelts
•WindBreaks (decreasewindspeed)
•ReductioninPollution(Air,Water,Soil,Noice)
•Increaseatmospherichumidity
•Minimizetemperaturefluctuation
ControlofWater logging andsoil
salinity
Decreaseofsoilerosion
ProvisionofHabitat/ShelterforWildlife
Watershedprotection
INDIRECTADVANTAGES OFFOREST

22. WHAT IS AGRO-FORESTRY/
FARMFORESTRY
Practiceofforestryinfarmlandsfor
obtainingnumerousbenefitssuchaswood,
fuelandforage.
OR
Growingoftrees alongwithfarmcropsis
knownas FarmForestry.

23. TYPESOFAGROFORESTRY
1-ALLEY-CROPPING
Growingcropsbetweentreesplantedin rows.
This system can produce fruits, vegetables,
grains, flowers and bio-energy crops.

24. 2-SILVO-PASTURE
A deliberateuse oflandfortheconcurrent
productionoftreesand domestic animals.

25. 3-FOREST FARMING
Growing high value crops under the protection of
a managed tree canopy.
In forest farming natural forested area is managed
for both wood products and an additional
enterprise

26. 4-WINDBREAKS AND SHELTERBELTS
Growing trees or other plants to shelter
crops, animals, buildings and soil from the
wind and storms

27. 5-RIPARIAN BUFFERS
Maintaining wild or planted strips of trees, shrubs,
grasses and other plants along the rivers and
streams are called Riparian Buffers

28. IMPORTANCEOFAGRO-FORESTRY
Totalwoodproductionfromfarmlands87%
Woodproductionfromstateowned forests
5%
Contributionof farmlandsforour totalFuel
woodproduction 90%
Contributionoffarmlandsforourtotal
timberproduction60%
Additionalincome
Properutilizationofland,water,nutrients
and space
Biologicalcontrolofpests

29. IMPORTANCEOFAGRO-FORESTRY
Wood ProductionPotentialinFarmlands
% Tree
cover of
farmlands
%Timber
producing
%Fuel
wood
producing
Existing 2 60 90
Potential 10 SavingofRs30billion

30. Parameter FarmForestStateForest
Growthrate 11% 1.5%
Cost of
production(Rs)
47m
-3 372m
-3
Profit/loss(%) 200-400 5-50%Loss
Possible
increaseinarea
4-5times doubled
IMPORTANCEOFAGRO-FORESTRY
Wood ProductionPotentialinFarmlands

31. IMPORTANCEOFAGRO-FORESTRY
Suggestions=>
The above discussion suggests clearly to
havearevolutionaryapproach:i.e.
Involvement of local people especially
thefarmersin making our country
green duringourlifetime.
Thefarmermust beawareabout
productiveaswellasprotectiveroleof
treesforsafeguardingthevitalinterest
of agriculturallandanditsproduce.

32. IMPORTANCEOFAGRO-FORESTRY
Itisinterestingtonotethatgrowingoftrees
alongwithfarmcropsisespeciallybecoming
popularnowadays
Farmermustrealizetheprotectiveroleof
trees
Farmermustunderstandthatfarmingalone
cannotbedonesuccessfullyparticularlyin
marginallandsandin extremeclimate
The onlywaytosuccessunderthese
conditionsis togrowfarmcropsandtrees
sidebyside

34. REASONSFORNOTINCREASING
FORESTAREAIN PAKISTAN
UnfavorableClimate(HighTemperature,
Low humidity
Lackofresearch
Lackofpublicity
Smallland holding
Delayed income
Tree-cropcompetition(fornutrients,water
and light)
Unawarenessoffarmers
Difficultiesin farmoperations

35. MEASURES TO INCREASE THE AREA
OFFORESTANDTREECOVER
TreePlantationCampaigns
Publicityandawareness inPublic
Educationoffarmersto giveknowledgeof
moderntechniquesandbenefits of trees
FinancialAssistance
Provisionof suitableplantingmaterials
TrainingofForestryandAgricultureGraduates
Effective Research,EducationandExtension
Activities
Establishmentof WoodBasedIndustries
Special focusonAgroforestry

36. OBJECTIVESOFAGRO-FORESTRY
(undervariousclimatic,edaphicandsocio-economic
conditions)
Northernareas(Temperateclimate),
1Soiland waterconservation
2Productionoftimberandfuelwood
PlainAreasofPunjab andSindh
1-Controlof Waterloggingandsalinity
2-Productionoffuel wood
Desertareas(Punjab,Sindhand drymountain
areasof Balochistan)
1-Shelteringoffarmcropandhomes
againstbothcoldandhotdrywinds
2-Productionofforage

37. NATIONALTREEOFPAKISTAN
Deodar(Cedrusdeodara)

38. TREESASCOMPLIMENTOFHISTORY

41. Good Luck to everyone!!