This is the AI data driven specialist diploma at Temasek Polytechnic
Module 1 Data Visualisation
Size: 1.3 MB
Language: en
Added: Feb 28, 2025
Slides: 22 pages
Slide Content
Lecture 4:
Data Management –Part 3
TEMASEK POLYTECHNIC • SCHOOL OF INFORMATICS & IT
Objectives: •After completing this lesson, you should be able to :
–Explain how data can be enhanced with visual
encoding and visual perception
TEMASEK POLYTECHNIC • SCHOOL OF INFORMATICS & IT
Data VisualisationComponents
According to Yau (2013), Data Visualisationis built upon
data and the four components
1. Visual Cues
2. Coordinate Systems
3. Scales
4. Context
The four components work together and affect each
other.
TEMASEK POLYTECHNIC • SCHOOL OF INFORMATICS & IT
Data VisualisationComponents
TEMASEK POLYTECHNIC • SCHOOL OF INFORMATICS & IT
Visual Cues
•In most basic form, Data visualisationis simply
mapping data onto geometry and color.
•We must make sure that the essence of data is not lost
in the visual and number it represents.
•When we visualize data, we decode values into
shapes, sizes and colors. Which Visual Cues we choose
depends
on data and business objectives.
•The varied types of Visual Cues are Position, Length,
Angle, Direction, Shapes, Area, Volume, Color
saturation , Color Hue.
TEMASEK POLYTECHNIC • SCHOOL OF INFORMATICS & IT
Visual Cues
TEMASEK POLYTECHNIC • SCHOOL OF INFORMATICS & IT
Visual Cues –Position
•Position defines where in space or coordinate system
the data is.
•One of the advantages of using position is that it tends
to take up less space than the other visual cues. It can
be a challenge to identify what each point represents.
•Can spot trends, clusters and outlines by
plotting a lot
of data at once.
TEMASEK POLYTECHNIC • SCHOOL OF INFORMATICS & IT
Visual Cues –Length
•Length is the most commonly used visual cue to
compare data values in several chart type. For
example bar chart, bullet chart, combo chart, etc.
•To judge length visually, we must figured out the
distance from one end of a shape to the other end. To
prevent end up with
a skewed view of maximum,
minimum and everything in between.
TEMASEK POLYTECHNIC • SCHOOL OF INFORMATICS & IT
Visual Cues –Angle
•Angle range from zero to 360 degrees on a circle.
Angles are commonly used to represent parts of a
whole.
TEMASEK POLYTECHNIC • SCHOOL OF INFORMATICS & IT
Visual Cues –Direction
•Direction is similar to angle, but instead of relying on
two vectors joined at a point, direction relies on a
single vector’s orientation in a coordinate system.
•Direction helps us to determine the slope to see the
Increases, decreases and fluctuations..
TEMASEK POLYTECHNIC • SCHOOL OF INFORMATICS & IT
Visual Cues –Shape
•Shapes and symbols are used to differentiate
categories and objects.
•Varied shapes can provide context that points alone
cant.
TEMASEK POLYTECHNIC • SCHOOL OF INFORMATICS & IT
Visual Cues –Area and Volume
•Bigger objects represent greater values. Like length,
area and volume can be used to represent data with
size, even in two and three dimensions, respectively.
TEMASEK POLYTECHNIC • SCHOOL OF INFORMATICS & IT
Visual Cues –Color
•Color as a visual cue can be split into two categories:
hue and saturation. They can be used individually or in
combination.
•Hue refer to Color, such as red, green, blue, etc.
Different colors used together usually indicates
categorical data, where each color represents a group.
•Saturation is the amount
of hue in a color. For
example, if your selected color is red, high saturation
would be very red, and as you decrease saturation, it
looks more faded.
TEMASEK POLYTECHNIC • SCHOOL OF INFORMATICS & IT
Visual Perception
Extracted from Visual Cue Ranking by Cleveland and McGill
TEMASEK POLYTECHNIC • SCHOOL OF INFORMATICS & IT
Visual Perception
Extracted from Designing Data Visualizations by Noah Illiinsky & Julie Steele
TEMASEK POLYTECHNIC • SCHOOL OF INFORMATICS & IT
Coordinate Systems
•Coordinate Systems is the structured space and rules
that dictate where the shapes and colors go.It gives
meaning to an x‐y coordinate or a latitude and
longitude pair.
•Three most basic
coordinate systems are:
Cartesian
Polar
Geographic
TEMASEK POLYTECHNIC • SCHOOL OF INFORMATICS & IT
Coordinate Systems
•Cartesian coordinate system has x and y pair. Two lines
perpendicular to each other, and range from negative
to positive, form the axes.
•Polar coordinate system consists of a circular grid,
were the rightmost point is zero degrees.
•Geographic coordinate system allows us to map
location data in many forms.
Commonly described as
latitude and longitude.
TEMASEK POLYTECHNIC • SCHOOL OF INFORMATICS & IT
Mapping of Visual Cue against Coordinate
Systems
TEMASEK POLYTECHNIC • SCHOOL OF INFORMATICS & IT
Scales
•Scales dictates the values where data maps to
•Scales can be generally grouped
into three categories:
Numeric : Linear/
Percent/Logarithmic
Categorical :
Categorical/Ordinal
Time.
TEMASEK POLYTECHNIC • SCHOOL OF INFORMATICS & IT
Context
•Context is information that leads to better
understanding thewho, How, what, when, where and
whyof your data.
•The easiest and most straightforward way is to label
your axes and specify units of measurement, or
provide a description that tell others what each visual
cue represents.
TEMASEK POLYTECHNIC • SCHOOL OF INFORMATICS & IT
Additional Reading Resources •Data Points –Visualization that means something by
Nathan Yau, Wiley. http://flowingdata.com/data‐
points/DataPoints‐Ch3.pdf
TEMASEK POLYTECHNIC • SCHOOL OF INFORMATICS & IT
Reference Link •Designing Data Visualizations with Noah Iliinsky
(1:49:01) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R‐
oiKt7bUU8
•Data Visualization ‐Visual Discovery(tm) (5:50)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=‐9sstOVZHL0