L4-History of Libraries (Late Middle Ages to the Twentieth Century).pptx

Library Science

1. History of Libraries (Late Middle Ages to the Twentieth Century )

2. Objectives: Summarize the historical perspective of libraries Assess the importance of library in society

3. The Late Middle Ages or Late Medieval Period was the period of European history generally comprising the 14th and 15th centuries (c. 1301–1500).

4. Monastic Libraries (circa 3500–3000 BCE)

5. Abbey of St. Gall Library

6. Monasteries were primary centers for book collection and preservation.

7. Parchment or Vellum

8. Books were handwritten on parchment or vellum. This was a labor-intensive process carried out by scribes.

9. Vellum was the term given to a parchment like product made from animal skin. While parchment generally referred to a material made from sheep and, occasionally, goat skin.

10. The production of books was mainly confined to scriptoria in monasteries and later in universities.

11. University of Bologna

12. University of Paris

13. The rise of universities in the 12th and 13th centuries, such as the University of Bologna and the University of Paris, led to the establishment of university libraries.

14. Renaissance (14th-17th Centuries)

15. The Renaissance was a period in European civilization that immediately followed the Middle Ages and reached its height in the 15th century.

16. Growth of Private Libraries Wealthy individuals and scholars began to collect books, leading to the growth of private libraries.

17. Ceramic Movable-type Printing Press

18. Movable-type printing is an ancient Chinese system and technology, developed through long-term practice and research. Its invention marked a great technological revolution in the history of printing.

19. Bi Sheng developed the ceramic movable-type system for printing in China (1041-1048). It was not until four centuries later that German Johannes Gutenberg invented the metal movable-type system for printing.

20. The concept of public libraries began to emerge. For example, the Laurentian Library in Florence, designed by Michelangelo, was established in the 16th century. Rise of Public Libraries

21. Early Modern Period 1500 to 1780

22. The first national libraries were established, including the Bodleian Library at Oxford (1602) and the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris (created from royal collections).

23. Bodleian Library

24. requiring publishers to deposit copies of their works in designated libraries, further expanding collections. Legal Deposit

25. The 19th century saw the establishment of public libraries funded by governments and philanthropists. Notable examples include the Boston Public Library (1852) and the Free Library of Philadelphia (1891).

26. The professionalization of librarianship began, with the founding of library schools and associations, such as the American Library Association (ALA) in 1876. Library Science

27. Linotype Machine

28. Industrialization of Printing Technological advancements, such as the steam-powered press and the linotype machine, significantly increased the efficiency of book production.

29. 20 th Century

30. The late 20th century saw the advent of digital libraries, with collections of digital texts and resources accessible online.

31. The development of computers and the internet transformed the dissemination of information. Electronic publishing and print-on-demand services emerged.

32. Libraries focused on the preservation of physical and digital materials, addressing challenges such as acid paper deterioration and digital obsolescence.

33. Assignment by Group: Create a presentation that explores the evolution of libraries in the 21st century, focusing on technological advancements, societal changes, and key trends.