L5 Breast feeding(3).pptxredtcsufgurhiikfj

Braset feeding

1. BREAST FEEDING Session Objectives By end of the session, participants will be able to: Define exclusive and non-exclusive breastfeeding Counsel mother and family on breastfeeding State interventions during labor, birth and postpartum that positively and negatively affect breastfeeding Recognize correct attachment and effective sucking Counsel mother on the management of breastfeeding problems 1

2. Introduction According to the WHO & AAP Breastfeeding is the normal way of providing young infants with the nutrients they need for healthy growth and development Breastfeeding helps defend against infections, prevent allergies, and protect against a number of chronic conditions 2

3. Breast feeding… There are many advantages of breast feeding is the ideal food for the new born, is inexpensive and is usually in good supply accelerates the involution of the uterus are immunologic advantages for the baby from breast feeding ( contains all of the different antibodies (M, A, D, G, E), but secretory immunoglobulin A ( sIgA ) is the most abundant Maternal lymphocytes pass through the infant’s gut wall and initiate immunologic processes provides the new born with passive immunity against certain infectious disease until its own immune mechanisms become fully functional by 3-4 months. 3

4. Anatomy of breast consists of glandular tissue , supporting tissue and fat Milk is secreted by the glands and travels through tubules which drain into lactiferous sinuses The sinuses which store small quantities of milk, lie below the areola They open out on to the nipple through lactiferous ducts The thin layer of myo -epithelium surrounds each gland The contraction of these muscles causes ejection of milk from the glands 4

5. Breast anatomy 5

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7. Milk production and secretion Milk is produced as a result of the interaction between hormones and reflexes During pregnancy, the glandular tissue is stimulated to produce milk due to various hormonal influences At delivery, two events are instrumental in initiating lactation drop in p lacental hormones, particularly estrogen suckling stimulates the release of prolactin and oxytocin, so that t wo reflexes , mediated by two different hormones , come into play during lactation 7

8. Prolactin reflex Prolactin is produced by the anterior pituitary gland which is responsible for milk secretion by the mammary gland cells When the baby sucks, the nerve endings in the nipple carry message to the anterior pituitary which in turn releases prolactin The earlier the baby is put on the breast, the sooner the reflex is initiated The more the baby sucks at the breast, the greater is the stimulus for milk production The greater is the demand for milk, larger is the volume of milk produced. 8

9. Prolactin reflex 9

10. Prolactin reflex… 10

11. Oxytocin reflex Oxytocin is a hormone produced by the pos. pituitary It is responsible for contraction of the myo - epithelium around the glands leading to ejection of the milk from the glands into the lacteal sinuses and the lacteal ducts This hormone is produced in response to stimulation to the nerve endings in the nipple by sucking as well as by the thought, sight or sound of the baby Although PRL and oxytocin act independently on different cellular receptors, their combined actions are essential for successful lactation 11

12. Oxytocin reflex 12

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14. Breast feeding… What is “exclusive breastfeeding ”? What is “non-exclusive breastfeeding? 14

15. Breast feeding… Definitions Exclusive breastfeeding means that for the first 6 months the baby is breastfed exclusively. Nothing else is given to the baby to eat or drink during this time. If the baby is given water, breast milk substitute such as formula or cereal, the baby is not exclusively breastfed. This is not recommended. 15

16. Question ?? What are the general benefits of breast-feeding for the infant and mother? 16

17. Benefits to Baby More easily digested Adapts to needs of growing infant Promotes optimal brain development Supports immune system to prevent infections Provides some protection against allergies Decreases risk of Sudden Infant Death (SIDS) 17

18. Benefits to Mother Promotes uterine involution Promotes maternal-infant bonding Promotes child spacing (contraceptive effect) Convenient Economic 18

19. Question ?? What are the components of correct attachment and effective sucking? 19

20. Indicators of good attachment and positioning Four signs of good attachment are Baby’s mouth wide open Lower lip turned outwards Baby’s chin touches mother’s breast Majority of areola inside baby’s mouth 20

21. Indicators of successful feeding Frequent feedings 8-12 times daily audible and visible swallowing Average daily weight gain of 20 - 40g Go to sleep and comfort after feeding B reast softening No compression of the nipple at the end of the feed Woman feels relaxed and sleepy 21

22. Contraindications of breast feeding Infants : Galactosemia :- unable to metabolize the simple sugar galactose which reaches high level in the body causing brain damage, cataracts, liver and kidney damage Phenylketoneurea (PKU):- is inherited disorder that increases the level of phenylalanine in the blood and causing intellectual disability and other health problems phenylalanine is a building block of protein (amino acid) Mothers : Maternal active untreated TB Mother has herpes simplex lesion on breast Mothers infected with HIV or HBV ? Mother of cytomegalo virus carriers 22

23. Contra-indication to BF… Mothers taking any of the following medications: radioactive diagnostic or therapeutic isotopes, cancer chemotherapy agents, such as antimetabolites, and illegal drugs Breastfeeding mothers should avoid alcohol. An occasional drink is acceptable, but breastfeeding should be avoided for 2 hours after the drink 23

24. Risks of breastfeeding The best documented risks include: Iron deficiency vitamin D deficiency Breastfed exposed infant to environmental toxins , legal and illegal drugs, and infectious pathogens that the mother may harbor ( e.g. HIV) 24