L5-Powder and granules - Copy.ppt234567890-OIGFDaertyuionbvcxx

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1. Powder and granules

2. POWDER is a mixture of drug in a dry form that may be intended for internal or external use.

3. Types of powder Powders used in a dry form Powders to be dissolved in water before use Powders for reconstitution

4. Powders used in a dry form Powders for topical application e.g. antibacterial and antifungal powders, or non-medicated powders e.g. Talc powder (protective action).

5. Powders to be dissolved in water before use Antacids and laxatives are used by mixing the directed amount of powder in a portion of water before swallowing.

6. Powders for reconstitution A - Oral antibiotic Th e antibiotic is prepared in a dry form and packed in a sealed bottle . A given amount of water is added before use. Once it is reconstituted the patient should be warned of the short shelf life (usually 1-2 weeks).

7. B- Powders for injection They may be classified as bulk or divided powders. Injections of drugs that are unstable in solution must be made immediately prior to use and are presented as sterile powders in ampoules.

8. Granules Granules are prepared aggregates of powdered materials to form a larger particle (2-4 mm). Granules may be used as such (granules of medicinal value) or in making tablets and capsules.

9. types of granules Granule delayed release Granule effervescent

10. lozenge A solid preparation containing one or more medicaments, usually in a flavored, sweetened base which is intended to dissolve or disintegrate slowly in the mouth. E.X Dextromethorphan .

11. Suppository A solid body of various weights and shapes, adapted for introduction into the rect um . they usually, soften, or dissolve at body temperature. Eg: Suppository( Hydrocortisone).

12. Liquid dosage forms

13. Syrup An oral solution containing high concentrations of sucrose . T he term has also been used to include any other liquid dosage form prepared in a sweet and viscid vehicle, including oral suspensions. Eg : (selvodine )

14. Elixir A clear, pleasantly flavored, sweetened hydroalcoholic liquid containing dissolved medicinal agents; it is intended for oral use. Eg: (Fungal infection)

15. Tincture An alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solution prepared from vegetable materials or from chemical substances. Eg : Iodine tincture

16. Suspension Are two-phase systems consisting of a solids dispersed in liquids. If the drug is insoluble or poorly soluble, a suspension may be the most suitable dosage form. The taste of drugs can be improved if they are supplied in suspension form rather than solutions EX:(Albendazole)

17. may be formulated for 1- oral 2- parenteral (intramuscular or intrarticular) 3-topical administration.

18. Emulsions ( liquid in liquid dispersion ): emulsions are two phase system in which one liquid is dispersed throughout another liquid in the form of small particles.

19. lotion An emulsion, liquid dosage form. This dosage form is generally for external application to the skin. EX: lotion (Calamine )

20. Spray A liquid minutely divided as by a jet of air or steam Eg : spray (Lidocaine)

21. types of spray 1. Spray metered- 2. Spray suspension

22. gaseous dosage form Aerosole Inhalents Gas

23. 1- aerosole consisting of very finely subdivided liquid or solid particles (optimum size 0,5–3 μ m) dispersed in a gas medium. They can be inhaled or applied topically .

24. 2- Inhalent A special class of inhalations consisting of a drug . T hat by virtue of their high vapor pressure can be carried by an air current into the nasal passage .

25. semisolid dosage form 1- Cream 2- Gel 3- Ointment 4-Paste 5- Jelly.

26. 1- Cream An emulsion, semisolid dosage for. This dosage form is generally for external application to the skin or mucous membranes. Eg (Lidocaine)

27. 2 - Ointment A semisolid dosage form. This dosage form is generally for external application to the skin or mucous membranes Eg ( Glyceryl trinitrate)

28. .3 Gel A semisolid dosage form that contains a gelling agent to provide stiffness to a solution.

29. parenteral drug dosage form Dosage forms of drugs that can be applied through parenteral route only . there are two types of injectable preparation Ampule and Vial .

30. Ampule which contains sterile drug solution and used once they opened Its opening requires breaking the neck of the bottle.

31. Vial It includes any small container that holds chemical compounds. which is designed to contain one or more multiple doses having a rubber cover to avoid contamination .