La tex symbols

this is to help the beginners

1. LATEXMathematicalSymbols
The more unusual symbols are not defined in base L
ATEX (NFSS) and require\usepackage{amssymb}
1 Greek and Hebrew letters
↵\alpha \kappa \psi z\digamma !\Delta ⇥\Theta
$eta %\lambda ⇢ho "\varepsilon #\Gamma ⌥\Upsilon
(\chi µ\mu )\sigma {\varkappa ⇤\Lambda ⌅\Xi
*\delta ⌫u ⌧ au '\varphi ⌦\Omega
✏\epsilon oo ✓ heta $\varpi (\Phi @\aleph
⌘\eta !\omega 3\upsilon %\varrho ⇧\Pi ieth
5\gamma 6\phi ⇠\xi &\varsigma \Psi k\daleth
◆\iota ⇡\pi ⇣\zeta #\vartheta ⌃\Sigma j\gimel
2L
ATEX math constructs
abc
xyz
rac{abc}{xyz} abc\overline{abc}
"#
abc\overrightarrow{abc}
f
0
f’ abc\underline{abc}
$"
abc\overleftarrow{abc}
p
abc\sqrt{abc}
c
abc\widehat{abc}
z}|{
abc\overbrace{abc}
n
p
abc\sqrt[n]{abc}
f
abc\widetilde{abc} abc
|{z}
\underbrace{abc}
3 Delimiters
|| { \{ b\lfloor// *\Uparrow x\llcorner
|\vert}\} cfloor \ackslash "\uparrow y\lrcorner
k\| h\langled\lceil[[ +\Downarrow p\ulcorner
k\Vertiangle eceil ]] #\downarrow q\urcorner
Use the pair\lefts1andights2to match height of delimiterss1ands2to the height of their contents, e.g.,
\left|expright| \left\{ expright\} \left\Vert expright.
4 Variable-sized symbols (displayed formulae show larger version)
P
\sum
R
\int
U
iguplus
L
igoplus
W
igvee
Q
\prod
H
\oint
T
igcap
N
igotimes
V
igwedge
`
\coprod
RR
\iint
S
igcup
J
igodot
F
igsqcup
5 Standard Function Names
Function names should appear in Roman, not Italic, e.g.,
Correct: an(at-n\pi)"#tan(at"n⇡)
Incorrect:tan(at-n\pi)"#tan(at"n⇡)
arccos\arccos arcsin\arcsin arctan\arctan arg \arg
cos \cos cosh\cosh cot \cot coth\coth
csc \csc deg \deg det \det dim \dim
exp \exp gcd \gcd hom \hom inf \inf
ker \ker lg \lg lim \lim lim inf\liminf
lim sup\limsup ln \ln log \log max \max
min \min Pr \Pr sec \sec sin \sin
sinh \sinh sup \sup tan an tanh anh

2. 6 Binary Operation/Relation Symbols
⇤\ast ±\pm \\cap C\lhd
?\star ⌥\mp [\cup Bhd
·\cdot q\amalg ]\uplus / riangleleft
7\circ 8\odot u\sqcap . riangleright
•ullet \ominus t\sqcup E\unlhd
<igcirc =\oplus ^\wedge D\unrhd
⇧\diamond ↵\oslash _\vee 5igtriangledown
⇥ imes ⌦\otimes †\dagger 4igtriangleup
÷\div o\wr ‡\ddagger \\setminus
⇧\centerdot ⇤\Box Zarwedge Y\veebar
~\circledast .oxplus f\curlywedge g\curlyvee
}\circledcirc 2oxminus e\Cap d\Cup
5\circleddash ⇥oxtimes ?ot > op
u\dotplus 8oxdot |\intercal iightthreetimes
>\divideontimes ⇤\square [\doublebarwedge h\leftthreetimes
⌘\equiv \leq K\geq ?\perp
⇠
=\cong M\prec N\succ |\mid
6=eq P\preceq ⌫\succeq k\parallel
⇠\sim ⌧\ll S\gg ./owtie
'\simeq ⇢\subset V\supset on\Join
⇡\approx ✓\subseteq ◆\supseteq n\ltimes
⇣\asymp @\sqsubset A\sqsupset otimes
.
=\doteq v\sqsubseteq w\sqsupseteq ^\smile
/\propto a\dashv `\vdash _rown
|=\models 2\in 3i /2otin
u\approxeq 5\leqq =\geqq 7\lessgtr
s hicksim 6\leqslant >\geqslant Q\lesseqgtr
vacksim /\lessapprox '\gtrapprox S\lesseqqgtr
wacksimeq n \lll o \ggg T\gtreqqless
, riangleq l\lessdot m\gtrdot R\gtreqless
$\circeq .\lesssim &\gtrsim ?\gtrless
lumpeq 0\eqslantless 1\eqslantgtr -ackepsilon
m\Bumpeq -\precsim %\succsim Getween
+\doteqdot w\precapprox v\succapprox t\pitchfork
t hickapprox b\Subset c\Supset p\shortmid
;allingdotseq j\subseteqq k\supseteqq a\smallfrown
:isingdotseq @\sqsubset A\sqsupset `\smallsmile
_\varpropto 4\preccurlyeq <\succcurlyeq g\Vdash
) herefore 2\curlyeqprec 3\curlyeqsucc ✏\vDash
*ecause Jlacktriangleleft Ilacktriangleright o\Vvdash
P\eqcirc E rianglelefteq D rianglerighteq q\shortparallel
6=eq C\vartriangleleft B\vartriangleright /shortparallel
4cong ⇥leq ⇤geq *subseteq
-mid leqq :geqq +supseteq
,parallel ⌦leqslant ↵geqslant "subseteqq
.shortmid ⌅less ⇧gtr #supseteqq
/shortparallel ⌃prec ⌥succ (\subsetneq
⌧sim Hpreceq ✏succeq )\supsetneq
3VDash ⇠\precnapprox ⇡\succnapprox $\subsetneqq
2vDash ⇣\precnsim ⌘\succnsim %\supsetneqq
0vdash ⇢\lnapprox U\gnapprox \varsubsetneq
6triangleleft X\lneq Y\gneq !\varsupsetneq
5trianglelefteq \\lneqq \gneqq &\varsubsetneqq
7triangleright ✓\lnsim ◆\gnsim '\varsupsetneqq
4trianglerighteq d\lvertneqq e\gvertneqq

3. 7 Arrow symbols
\leftarrow |z\longleftarrow "\uparrow
(\Leftarrow (=\Longleftarrow *\Uparrow
!ightarrow z}\longrightarrow #\downarrow
)\Rightarrow =)\Longrightarrow +\Downarrow
$\leftrightarrow ! \longleftrightarrow l\updownarrow
,\Leftrightarrow () \Longleftrightarrow m\Updownarrow
7!\mapsto hz}\longmapsto %earrow
-\hookleftarrow ,! \hookrightarrow &\searrow
(\leftharpoonup * ightharpoonup .\swarrow
)\leftharpoondown + ightharpoondown -warrow
⌦ightleftharpoons \leadsto
99K\dashrightarrow L99\dashleftarrow ✓\leftleftarrows
⌧\leftrightarrows W \Lleftarrow ⌘ woheadleftarrow
z \leftarrowtail " \looparrowleft ↵\leftrightharpoons
x\curvearrowleft \circlearrowleft ~\Lsh
\upuparrows ⇠\upharpoonleft ⇡\downharpoonleft
( \multimap ! \leftrightsquigarrow ◆ightrightarrows
?ightleftarrows ◆ ightrightarrows ?ightleftarrows
⇣ woheadrightarrow ⇢ ightarrowtail #\looparrowright
⌦ightleftharpoons y \curvearrowright ?\circlearrowright
?\Rsh ? \downdownarrows ?\upharpoonright
⌫\downharpoonright ightsquigarrow
8leftarrow 9 rightarrow :Leftarrow
;Rightarrow = leftrightarrow <Leftrightarrow
8 Miscellaneous symbols
1\infty 8 orall k\Bbbk }\wp
rabla 9 \exists Figstar \\angle
@\partial @ exists o\diagdown ]\measuredangle
g\eth ; \emptyset q\diagup ^\sphericalangle
|\clubsuit ? \varnothing ⌃\Diamond {\complement
}\diamondsuit ı\imath `\Finv O riangledown
~\heartsuit |\jmath a\Game 4 riangle
u\spadesuit `\ell ~\hbar M\vartriangle
···\cdots
RRRR
\iiiint }\hslash ⌥lacklozenge
.
.
.\vdots
RRR
\iiint ⌃\lozenge ⌅lacksquare
...\ldots
RR
\iint f\mho Nlacktriangle
.
.
.\ddots ]\sharp 0\prime Hlacktrinagledown
=\Im [lat ⇤\square 8ackprime
<\Re \atural
p
\surd s\circledS
9 Math mode accents
´a\acute{a} ¯aar{a}
´
´
A\Acute{\Acute{A}}
¯¯
A\Bar{\Bar{A}}
˘areve{a} ˇa\check{a}
˘
˘
A\Breve{\Breve{A}}
ˇˇ
A\Check{\Check{A}}
¨a\ddot{a} ˙a\dot{a}
¨¨
A\Ddot{\Ddot{A}}
˙˙
A\Dot{\Dot{A}}
`a\grave{a} ˆa\hat{a}
`
`
A\Grave{\Grave{A}}
ˆ
ˆ
A\Hat{\Hat{A}}
˜a ilde{a} ~a\vec{a}
˜˜
A\Tilde{\Tilde{A}}
~
~
A\Vec{\Vec{A}}

4. 10 Array environment, examples
Simplest version: egin{array}{cols}row1\row2\...rowm\end{array}
wherecolsincludes one character [lrc] for each column (with optional characters|inserted for vertical lines)
androwjincludes character&a total of (n"1) times to separate thenelements in the row. Examples:
\left( egin{array}{cc} 2 au & 7\phi-frac5{12} \
3\psi & rac{\pi}8 \end{array} ight)
\left( egin{array}{c} x \ y \end{array} ight)
\mbox{~and~} \left[ egin{array}{cc|r}
3 & 4 & 5 \ 1 & 3 & 729 \end{array} ight]
✓
2⌧76"
5
12
3
⇡
8
◆✓
x
y
◆
and

34 5
13729
8
f(z) = \left\{ \begin{array}{rcl}
\overline{\overline{z^2}+\cos z} & \mbox{for}
& |z|<3 \ 0 & \mbox{for} & 3\leq|z|\leq5 \
\sin\overline{z} & \mbox{for} & |z|>5
\end{array}ight.
f(z)=
8
<
:
z
2
+ coszfor|z|<3
0 for 3|z|5
sinzfor|z|>5
11 Other Styles (math mode only)
Caligraphic letters:$\mathcal{A}$etc.:ABCDEFGHIJ KLMN OPQRST UVWX YZ
Mathbb letters:$\mathbb{A}$etc.:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
Mathfrak letters:$\mathfrak{A}$etc.:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabc123
Math Sans serif letters:$\mathsf{A}$etc.:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabc123
Math bold letters:$\mathbf{A}$etc.:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabc123
Math bold italic letters: define\def\mathbi#1{ extbf{\em #1}} then use$\mathbi{A}$etc.:
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abc 123
12 Font sizes
Math Mode:
Z
f
"1
(x"xa)dx ${\displaystyle \int f^{-1}(x-x_a)\,dx}$
R
f
"1
(x"xa)dx ${ extstyle \int f^{-1}(x-x_a)\,dx}$
R
f
!1
(x"xa)dx ${\scriptstyle \int f^{-1}(x-x_a)\,dx}$
R
f
!1
(x!xa)dx ${\scriptscriptstyle \int f^{-1}(x-x_a)\,dx}$
Text Mode:
iny=smallest
\scriptsize=very small
ootnotesize=smaller
\small=small
ormalsize= normal
\large=large
\Large=Large
\LARGE=LARGE
\huge=huge
\Huge=Huge
13 Text Mode: Accents and Symbols
´o\’{o}¨o\"{o}ˆo\^{o} `o\‘{o} ˜o\~{o} ¯o\={o} s.\d s
˙o\.{o}˘o\u{o}˝o\H{o}Poo {oo} ¸o\c{o} o.\d{o} ˚s s
o
¯
{o} ˚A\AA ˚a\aa ß\ss ı\i ⌘\j ˝s\H s
ø\o Ps s ˇs\v s Ø\O ¶\P §\S
æ\ae Æ\AE †\dag ‡\ddag c<\copyright £\pounds