labrinthitis-200811092131saddsfsfssdcsdf.pptx

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1. Labyrinthitis Ms.sangeeta yadav M.Sc. Nursing

2. Labyrinthitis is an inflammation or infection of labyrinth of the inner ear and can be caused by either viral or bacterial pathogens.

3. etiology Viral infection Common cause Mumps, rubella, rubella, and influenza Upper respiratory tract infections Bacterial infection Drug toxicity Allergy Acute or chronic otitis media Head injury Herpetiform disorders of the facial and acoustic nerves ( ie , ramsay hunt syndrome).

4. types Viral Labyrinthitis : caused by viral infection. Bacterial labyrinthitis : caused by bacterial infection Serous labyrinthitis : intralabyrinthine inflammation without pus formation. It is Reversible if treated early Diffuse suppurative labyrinthitis : Diffuse pyogenic infection of the labyrinth. Occurs when acute or chronic otitis media spreads into the inner ear or after middle ear or mastoid surgery. Cause Permanent loss of vestibular and cochlear functions

5. pathophysiology Bacteria or virus enters the inner ear from the middle ear, meninges, or through bloodstream Infection of inner ear Destruction of soft tissue structures Affects hearing and balance Permanent hearing loss

6. Clinical Manifestations Vertigo Tinnitus hearing loss Nystagmus on the affected side Pain Fever Ataxia nausea vomiting

7. DIAGNOSTIC measures History collection Physical examination CBC: to rule out infection Audiogram: to revel hearing loss

8. Management Symptomatic management Patients may be placed on bedrest. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections. Viral infections usually run their course in about 1 week. Antiviral drugs are used for viral infection. Antihistamine ( eg , meclizine [ Antivert ]) to treat vertigo. Antiemetic . Eg : prochlorperazine   Corticosteroids - prednisolone Sedatives – diazepam ( valium )

9. NURSING MANAGEMENT Help the patient manage symptoms and self-care Provide bed rest Advice the patient should avoid turning the head quickly to help alleviate the vertigo. Ensure patient safety during acute attacks of vertigo. Prevent injury Minimize anxiety Ensure adequate fluid