Land Degradation and Management in Bangladesh

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1. Land Degradation and Management in Bangladesh Presented by Md. Rased Hasan Sojib Roll : 23221333 Registration No: 55969

2. LAND DEGRADATION “Land degradation is any reduction or loss in the biological or economic productive capacity of the land resources . Natural processes play a part, but humans cause most of the damage. Often, the process of degradation is inextricably linked to loss of biodiversity and the impacts of climate change”

3. LAND VULNERABILITY IN BANGLADESH Due to geographical context, Bangladesh's coastline and riparian communities are extremely vulnerable to the effects of climate-induced hazards such as  riverbank erosion , floods , cyclones , arsenic contamination , waterlogging , and salinity intrusion  (Azad et al., 2022)

4. LAND ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT IN BANGLADESH

5. IMPLEMENTATION OF UNCCD IN BANGLADESH UNCCD: The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification The Government of Bangladesh ( GoB ) Signed the convention(UNCCD) in 1994 and ratified in January 1996. The convention came into force 1997. Activities: Several Researches conducted Adaptation options piloted Implementation

6. IMPLEMENTATION OF UNCCD IN BANGLADESH Key good practices and innovations in Bangladesh relating to UNCCD are:

7. WORLD OVERVIEW OF CONSERVATIONAL APPROACHES AND TECHNOLOGY WOCAT is a global network on Sustainable Land Management (SLM) that promotes the documentation, sharing and use of knowledge to support adaptation, innovation and decision-making in SLM. Good Practices Land Degradation Climate change and Biodiversity loss

8. NATIONAL ACTION PROGRAMME (NAP) FOR COMBATING DESERTIFICATION The National Action Programme for combating Desertification is a national documents owned by the people ( DoE and Forest,2005) National Action Programme (NAP) identifies the factors contributing to the process of desertification in Bangladesh and suggests measures and strategy, using an integrated and coordinated bottom-up approach to combat desertification and mitigate the effects of drought. The main programme areas proposed to address desertification are clustered under the following eight broad themes Theme 1. Understanding the desertification scenario Theme 2. Promotion of awareness and capacity building Theme 3. Institutional Arrangements Theme 4. Reclamation and rehabilitation of degraded land to promote sustainable utilizations of land resources Theme 5. Land degradation/desertification mitigation and Poverty Alleviation Strategies Theme 6. Promotion of active participation of communities in land management programmes Theme 7. Judicious location of construction sites and physical infrastructure. Theme 8. Research and technology development

9. CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE (CA)  Conservation Agriculture   is a farming system that promotes minimum soil disturbance (i.e. no tillage), maintenance of a permanent soil cover , and diversification of plant species . It enhances biodiversity and natural biological processes above and below the ground surface, which contribute to increased water and nutrient use efficiency and to improved and sustained crop production. Three principles of Conservation Agriculture:

10. SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT Sustainable land management (SLM) refers to practices and technologies that aim to integrate the management of land, water, and other environmental resources to meet human needs while ensuring long-term sustainability, ecosystem services, biodiversity, and livelihoods. Conservation tillage Cover Cropping Crop Rotation It can improve soil health by reducing erosion, increasing organic matter, and enhancing soil Structure Sustainable land management practices such as

11. Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) is a target and concept that focuses on achieving a balance between the amount of land being degraded and the amount of land being restored. The overarching goal is to ensure that, on a global scale, the quantity and quality of land resources remain stable or improve over time. This concept is particularly relevant in the context of addressing desertification, land degradation, and drought, and it is part of international efforts to promote sustainable land management. National LDN targets for Bangladesh are given below: Target-1: To improve soil fertility and Carbon stock in 2000 km 2 of cropland area. Target-2: To reduce land use/cover conversion in 600 km 2 of forest area. Target-3: To reduce waterlogging in 600 km 2 area. Target-4: To reduce soil erosion in hilly areas in 600 km 2 area. Target-5: To protect non-saline land areas from salinity intrusion in 120 km 2 in the coastal zone areas. Target-6: To reduce riverbank erosion 100ha/year covering 100 km 2 area.

12. Land USE policy and legislation in Bangladesh Existing laws and policies are : Land Use Policy Agriculture Policy 1999 Integrated Pest Management Integrated Plant Nutrient System(IPNS) There are other national policies and measures that have indirect positive impacts on combating land degradation. The noteworthy policies are: National Environment Policy National Forest Policy, 1994 National Environment Conservation Act, 1995 Environment Conservation Rules, 1997 National Conservation Strategies Strategic Plan for National Agriculture

13. Conclusions Bangladesh grapples with the urgent and complex challenge of land degradation, stemming from human-induced and natural factors such as deforestation, unsustainable agriculture, urbanization, and climate change . Despite these threats, the nation has proactively responded with initiatives like the National Land Use Policy, showcasing a commitment to sustainable land management. Local communities have played a crucial role in this effort, employing community-based conservation practices. Challenges persist, including limited resources and population pressure, underscoring the need for continued progress, public awareness, and the integration of afforestation, sustainable agriculture, and technology for resilient land management.

14. References IPCC, 2019: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change and Land: an IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems [P.R. Shukla, J. Skea , E. Calvo Buendia , V. Masson- Delmotte , H.- O. Pörtner , D. C. Roberts, P. Zhai, R. Slade, S. Connors, R. van Diemen, M. Ferrat , E. Haughey , S. Luz, S. Neogi , M. Pathak, J. Petzold , J. Portugal Pereira, P. Vyas, E. Huntley, K. Kissick , M. Belkacemi , J. Malley, (eds.)]. Hasan, M.K. and Alam, A.A., 2006. Land degradation situation in Bangladesh and role of agroforestry.  Journal of Agriculture & Rural Development ,  4 (1), pp.19-25.

15. Thank you all for your attention!