LANDMARKS AND MONUMENTS IN AFRICA (some landmarks in the continent of Africa)

some landmarks in the continent of Africa

1. LANDMARKS AND MONUMENTS IN AFRICA Dr. Basil Bemgba Achie MBBS Ibadan

2. Nile River The Nile River is the longest river in the world. It has a length of about 4,132 miles (6,650 kilometres ) and drains an area estimated at 1,293,000 square miles (3,349,000 square kilometres ). The river’s basin spans across the countries of Egypt, Sudan, South Sudan, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda, and Tanzania. The Nile River empties into the Mediterranean Sea in northern Egypt From nourishing agricultural soil to serving as a transportation route, the Nile was vital to ancient Egypt's civilization

3. Red Sea Reef A diverse reef system located in the Red Sea , an inlet of the Indian Ocean . The reef is considered part of the African continent with proximity to the African coastline . The Red Sea Reef is the largest coral reef system in all of Africa and the third largest reef system in the world.  It extends 1,240 miles (2,000 km) along the coastline of Africa (Egypt, Sudan, and Eritrea ) Comprised of an abundance of aquatic life, lagoons, cylinders, and platforms, it is home to over 1,100 species of fish and 200 soft and hard corals.

4. Apartheid Museum, Johannesburg, South Africa A museum  in  Johannesburg, South Africa, illustrating apartheid and the 20th-century history of South Africa . Opened in November 2001. The Pillars of the Constitution are located in the courtyard. These includes one pillar for each of the seven values that are enshrined in the South African Constitution. Namely, democracy, equality, reconciliation, diversity, responsibility, respect and freedom.

5. Fish River Canyon, Namibia Located in the south of  Namibia., the Fish River Canyon is the largest canyon in Africa. It features a gigantic ravine, about 160 kilometres (100 mi) long, up to 27 km wide and in places almost 550 meters deep.

6. Black Star Gate, Accra, Ghana The Black Star Gate is located at the center of  the Independence Square, now known as the Black Star Square in Accra . It was commissioned by Kwame Nkrumah  to indicate the country's supreme power to control its own affairs

7. Fasil Ghebbi , Ethiopia A fortress located in Gondar, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Founded in 1645 by Emperor Fasilides . In the 16th and 17th centuries, the fortress-city of Fasil Ghebbi  was the residence of the Ethiopian emperor Fasilides and his successors.

8. Amphitheater of El Jem, Tunisia A large and well-preserved Roman  amphitheatre   in  El Jem, Tunisia, formerly  Thysdrus  in the Roman province of Africa. Built around 238 AD, i t measured 149m long by 124m wide and could hold up to 35,000 spectators. It was the second-largest   colosseum in the Roman world, after Rome's.

9. Great Sphinx of Giza, Egypt A limestone  statue of a reclining sphinx, a mythical creature with the head of a human, and the body of a lion. Located in Giza, Egypt, it measures 73 metres (240  ft ) in length, 19 metres (62  ft ) in width and 20 metres (66  ft ) in height. Likely dates from the reign of King Khafre (c. 2575–c. 2465  BCE ) and depicts his face .

10. Serengeti Migration, Tanzania/Kenya The Great Wildebeest Migration is the largest animal migration in the world. Every year, more than 2 million animals (wildebeest, zebra, and gazelle) migrate in a clockwise direction across the ecosystems of the Serengeti (Tanzania) and the Masai Mara (Kenya ). From late June to August is when the Great Migration peaks.

11. National Independence Monument, Lomé, Togo. Built as a tribute to Togo's independence from France on April 27, 1960 . The monument is comprised of a human silhouette carved within it and surrounded by promenades, palm trees, manicured lawns, fountains and a black gold iron fence.

12. The Kenyatta International Convention Centre, Nairobi, Kenya Formerly the Kenyatta International Conference Centre, It is a 28 storey building located in   Nairobi, K enya. It was opened on 11 September 1973. The KICC is ranked as one of the top places to hold conferences on the continent.

13. Palacio do Povo, Cabo Verde A public building in the city centre of Mindelo in Cape Verde. It was built in 1874, when there were plans to move the capital of Cape Verde to Mindelo . It has been called Palacio do Povo (People’s Palace) since independence in 1975.

14. Tiglachin Memorial or Derg Monument, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia A memorial to Ethiopian and Cuban soldiers involved in the  Ogaden War. Located on Churchill Avenue in Addis Ababa,  Ethiopia.

15. Great Temple of Ramses II, Abu Simbel, Egypt Site of two temples built by the Egyptian king Ramses II (reigned 1279–1213   BCE ), now located in Aswan, southern Egypt. The ancient monument show sandstone figures of Ramses II in front of the main temple.

16. Tour de I’Echangeur, Kinshasa, DRC A tower located in the commune of Limete in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The tower stands in the middle of a public square which was called Exchange Square until 2011, when its name was changed to Reconstruction Square . It was ordered built by President Mobutu Sese Seku in 1971 as a monument to Patrice Lumumba. It is a total of 210 metres (689 feet) tall . Today it hosts the Museum of Contemporary and Multimedia Arts.

17. Menelik II Square, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia The square was built to celebrate the Ethiopian Victory in the Battle of Adwa, which concluded on Saint George's Day. This statue of Emperor Menelik II stands directly across from Saint George's Cathedral . The monument was erected by Emperor Haile Selassie I, in 1930, just before his coronation. The center of this square is considered "ground zero" of the highways of the Nation.

18. African Renaissance Monument, Dakar, Senegal A bronze statue perched on a hill in Dakar, Senegal. It is the tallest statue in Africa, standing 164 feet high. T aller than the Statue of Liberty in the U.S.A., and the second tallest statue across the globe after the statue of unity in Gujarat, India. The statue was inaugurated at a ceremony on April 3, 2010, to symbolize the triumph of African liberation. The unveiling marked Senegal's 50 years of independence .

19. Giza Pyramid C omplex The Giza Pyramids were built by Pharaohs Khufu (tallest), Khafre (background), and Menkaure (front ). They were burial complexes built during a period of frenetic construction, from roughly 2550 to 2490 B.C . The Great Pyramid was the tallest man-made structure in the world for more than 3,800 years, standing at 146.6 metres (481 feet ) initially.

20. Cairo Citadel of Saladin, Egypt The Cairo Citadel was built by Saladin between 1176-1183 AD  and further developed by subsequent Egyptian rulers . Among the most impressive and ambitious military fortification projects of its time. UNESCO World Heritage site since 1979.

21. Mapungubwe Interpretation Centre, South Africa Located in the Mapungubwe National Park and World Heritage Site. The building won the World Architectural Building of the Year Award in 2009. The stone-walling technique used in the building of the centre was adopted from a native method prevalent in the Mapungubwe area.

22. The Valley Of The Kings, Egypt The Valley of the Kings is a royal burial ground for pharaohs from the 18th, 19th, and 20th dynasties (the New Kingdom of Egypt ), a period of nearly 500 years from the 16th to 11th century BC. It is located  on the Nile's west bank near Luxor. In 1979, it became a World Heritage Site, as well as the rest of the Theban Necropolis.

23. Victoria Falls Victoria Falls is shared by two countries: Zambia (to the north) and Zimbabwe (to the south ). It  is part of the mighty Zambezi River, which forms the border between Zimbabwe and Zambia.  David Livingstone was the first European to see the falls (November 16, 1855). He named them for Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.

24. Sossusvlei, Namibia A salt and clay pan surrounded by high red dunes, Located within the Namib- Naukluft National Park in the southern part of the Namib Desert, The tallest dune is called “Big Daddy”, reaching up to a whopping 325 metres . The sand is five million years old and gets its distinctive colour from the thin layer of iron oxide which coats its tiny grains .

25. Adomi Bridge, Atimpoku , Ghana A latticed steel arch suspension bridge in Ghana. L ocated in Atimpoku in the Eastern Region of Ghana, the bridge crosses the Volta River downstream of the  Akosombo Dam. It is Ghana's longest suspension bridge. Constructed by Dorman Long Ltd between March 1955 and January 1957, the bridge was opened on 25 January1957 by Kwame Nkrumah, Ghana's first president.

26. Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania At 5,895m above sea level, Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania is the tallest mountain on the African continent. A dormant volcano located in Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania, most recent activity was about 200 years ago; the last major eruption was 360,000 years ago . Approximately 25,000 people attempt to summit Mt. Kilimanjaro annually. Approximately two-thirds are successful.

27. Serengeti National Park, Tanzania A  protected area within t he Serengeti ecosystem, in the Arusha Regions of Tanzania . The area includes approximately 30,000 km² of land, including the Serengeti National Park and several game reserves. It is a UNESCO World Heritage site, best known for its vast herds of animals, especially Wildebeests, Zebras, and Gazelles.

28. Sahara Desert It is the largest hot desert in the world and the third-largest desert overall, behind the cold deserts of Antarctica and the Arctic. Located in North Africa, it covers an area of 9.2 million  km². The Sahara Desert is one of the driest and hottest regions of the world. The average annual temperature is 30°C whilst the hottest temperature ever recorded was 58°C.

29. Leptis Magna, Libya Largest city of the ancient region of  Tripolitania, in modern Libya. Originally founded by the Phoenicians in the 7th century BC. Enlarged and embellished by Emperor Septimius Severus (who ruled from 193 to 211 AD) , the Leptis Magna was one of the most beautiful cities of the Roman Empire in its heyday. It was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1982.

30. Ngorongoro Crater, Arusha, Tanzania The largest inactive and intact volcanic caldera in the world. The Ngorongoro volcano was active from about 2.45 to 2 million years ago. Because of the variety of animals present, the Ngorongoro Crater is a well-known tourist attraction. The Crater was officially hailed as one of the Seven Natural Wonders of Africa in 2015.

31. Alice Lane Towers, Johannesburg, South Africa Also know as the dancing towers, the 15 Alice Lane Towers are commercial office space towers located in Sandton Central, Johannesburg. The  17-storey twin towers are constructed of concrete, glass and aluminum. Its construction employed cutting edge glass technology. The project was designed by the Paragob Architects (Anthony Orelowitz , Raj Patel and Anthony Butcher ).

32. National Arts Theatre, Lagos The National Theatre, Nigeria, is located in Iganmu , Surulere , Lagos. It is the primary centre for the performing arts in Nigeria. Completed in 1976 in preparation for the Festival of Arts and Culture in 1977. Designed and constructed by Bulgarian construction company (Techno Exporstroy ).

33. Ancient Kano City Wall, Nigeria Ancient defensive walls built to protect the inhabitants of the ancient city of  Kano. Started in 1095 by Sarki Gijimasu , the third. Completed in the 14th century under Sarki Usman Zamnagawa Dan Shekarau . Constructed from laterite, a reddish clayey material that hardens when dry. Described as "the most impressive monument in West Africa“.

34. Osu Castle, Ghana A castle located in Osu ,  Ghana, on the coast of the Gulf of Guinea in Africa. Also known as Fort Christiansborg or T he Castle, Built by Denmark-Norway in the 1660s, Thereafter the fort changed ownership between Denmark-Norway, Portugal, the Akwamu , Britain, and finally post-Independence Ghana.

35. Olduvai Gorge Museum, Tanzania Museum located in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area in Northern Tanzania on the edge of the Olduvai Gorge. It was opened on 3 October 2017. The museum exhibits numerous hominid fossils , stone tools and skeletons of many extinct animals excavated in the gorge.

36. Table Mountain, Cape Town, South Africa Table Mountain is a flat topped mountain in Cape Town, South Africa. In 1503, Portuguese explorer, Antonio de Saldanha became the first white man to hike up Table Mountain and named it Taboa do Cabo (Table of the Cape) . The mountain is home to a wide diversity of wildlife. Voted one of the New Seven Wonders of the World in 2011.

37. Okavango Delta, Botswana Delta in north-west Botswana comprised of permanent marshlands and seasonally flooded plains. It is one of the very few major interior delta systems that do not flow into a sea or ocean. The Okavango Delta is home to some of the world’s most endangered species of large mammal, such as the cheetah, white rhinoceros, black rhinoceros, African wild dog and lion . On 22 June 2014, the Okavango Delta became the 1000th site to be officially inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List.

38. Castle of Good Hope, Cape Town, South Africa A bastion fort built between 1666 and 1679 by the Dutch East India Company in  Cape Town, South Africa. Considered the best preserved example of a Dutch East India Company fort. The oldest existing colonial building in South Africa. The yellow paint on the walls was chosen to reduce the glare from the sunlight and also because it reflects the heat.

39. Voortrekker Monument, Pretoria, South Africa Located just south of Pretoria in South Africa, The monument is a granite structure on a hilltop which was raised to commemorate the  Voortrekkers (Boers)  who left the Cape Colony between 1835 and 1854. Voortrekkers mean ‘pioneers’ in Afrikaans. Designed by the architect Gerard Moerdijk , it was started on 13 July 1937 and completed on 12 December 1949.

40. Union Buildings, Pretoria, South Africa The Union Buildings form the official seat of the South African Government and also house the offices of the President of South Africa. Located at the highest point of South Africa's capital city, Pretoria. Designed by Herbert Baker in 1908 after the Neoclassical, Edwardian and Cape Dutch Architecture. Constructed between 1909 and 1913, they were originally built to accommodate the entire Public Service for the Union of South Africa

41. Torre De La Libertad, Bata, Equatorial Guinea A monument located in the city of  Bata, in the African country of Equatorial Guinea . It was inaugurated on 12 October 2011 in the celebrations for the independence of the nation.

42. Makgadikgadi Salt Pans, Botswana Reputably the world’s largest salt pan landscape ( covering an area of over 30 000 km 2 ) Situated in the middle of the dry savanna of north-eastern Botswana. Lying south-west of the Okavango Delta and surrounded by the Kalahari Desert.

43. African Heritage House, Nairobi, Kenya African Heritage House is a national monument in Kenya. Built between the years 1989 and 1994, the house was designed and modelled by Alan Donovan  who is also the owner. Its objective is to preserve the forgotten architectural designs of the African continent. Inspired by the mud architecture of the Great Mosque of Djenneé in Mali, the mud palaces of Morocco.

44. Reunification Monument, Yaoundé, Cameroon Constructed in the 1970s to memorialize the post-colonial merging of British and French  Cameroon. Located in the city of Yaoundé , Cameroon. The monument was designed by Gédéon Mpando and completed in 1974. It  represents the hopes and dreams of a bilingual Cameroon.

45. The Corinthia Hotel Khartoum, Sudan A five-star hotel in central Khartoum, the capital of  Sudan. Opened on 17 August 2008 It was built and financed by the Libyan government. It is designed to resemble a ship's sail.

46. Kasubi Tombs, Kampala, Uganda The site of the burial grounds for four kabakas (kings of Buganda) and other members of the Baganda royal family. They constitute a site embracing 26.8 hectares of  Kasubi  hillside within Kampala  City. The site is the major spiritual centre for the Baganda where traditional and cultural practices have been preserved.

47. Cliff of Bandiagara (Land of the Dogons ) Sandstone cliffs featuring Dogon villages and ancient caves once used by the Tellem and Toloy peoples l ocated in the Mopti Region of Mali. It features an outstanding landscape of cliffs and sandy plateaux with some beautiful architecture. The Tellem people inhabited the escarpment until the fifteenth century , The area is inhabited today by the Dogon people .

48. Lideta Market, Ethiopia A new non-typical shopping mall in the Ethiopian capital, Addis Ababa. Built between 2010 and 2017, it was awarded the UNESCO Prix Versailles for the world’s best shopping centre in 2017. It was designed by Xavier Vilalta architects.

49. Fiat Tagliero, Asmara, Eritrea A Futurist-style service station in Asmara,  Eritrea. Designed by Italian Architect Guido Ferrazza , it was completed in 1938. The building resembles an aeroplane , consisting of the central tower which supports a pair of 15m wings built in reinforced concrete .

50. Maropeng Visitors’ Centre, South Africa The Maropeng Visitor Centre is a  UNESCO-listed Cradle of Humankind, a site of important fossil finds. Its name, Maropeng, means “returning to the place of origin” in Setswana, one of South Africa’s 11 official languages . More than 1000 hominid fossils have been found in a network of limestone caves here, spanning a period of around three million years.

51. Pyramids of Meroe, Sudan The Meroe pyramids hold burial chambers for Kushite kings and queens whose rule spanned nearly five centuries from 592 BC to 350 AD, Located near the banks of the Nile River in an area known as Nubia in northeastern Sudan. Built of granite and sandstone in the Nubian style, the Meroe pyramids are marked by small bases and steep slopes between six and 30 metres in height.

52. The Great Zimbabwe Great Enclosure, Masvingo, Zimbabwe The Great Zimbabwe is a ruin of a medieval city in the south-eastern hills of the modern country of Zimbabwe, near Lake Mutirikwi and the town of  Masvingo . It is estimated to have been built between 1100 and 1450 AD. The city is divided into three distinct architectural groups known as the Hill Complex, the Valley Complex, and the Great Enclosure . It may have had between  12,000 to 18,000 residents in its prime.

53. Great Mosque of Djenne, Mali A large brick or adobe building in the Sudano-Sahelian architectural style . Located in the city of Djenné ,  Mali. The current structure dates from 1907. At fifty-two feet high, it is the largest mud-brick building globally. Designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988.

54. Bibliotheca, Alexandrina, Egypt A major library and cultural center  on the shore of the Mediterranean Sea in Alexandria, Egypt . It is a commemoration of the Library of Alexandria, once one of the largest libraries in the world, which was lost in antiquity. The complex was officially inaugurated on 16 October 2002.

55. Lalibela Rock Hewn Churches, Ethiopia One of eleven rock-hewn monolithic churches in Lalibela , a town in the Amhara Region of  Ethiopia. These  eleven medieval monolithic churches were carved out of rock . Their building is attributed to King Lalibela who set out to construct, in the 12th century, a ‘New Jerusalem ’. Lalibela is a high place of Ethiopian Christianity, still today a place of pilgrimage and devotion .

56. Axum Obelisks, Ethiopia A  24-metre megalith surrounded by a ring of smaller Obelisks. Built in the 4th century by King Ezana . The Monolith of Axum was taken from the Ethiopians in the 1930s and transported to Rome as a spoil of war. In 2008, it was repatriated to widespread praise across Ethiopia.

57. Avenue of the Baobabs, Madagascar A prominent group of  Grandidier's baobabs ( Adansonia grandidieri ) lining the unpaved Road No.8 between  Morondava and   Belon'i Tsiribihina  in the  Menabe  region of western  Madagascar. The baobab  trees are up to 2,800 years old, preserved by the locals both for their own sake and for their value as a food source and building material. The area is a natural monument under conservation since July 2015, but the trees are still threatened by further deforestation.

58. Zeitz Museum of Contemporary Art, Cape Town, South Africa The largest museum of contemporary art from Africa and the first-ever major institution dedicated exclusively to artists from across the African continent and diaspora. Located in the Silo District at the Victoria & Alfred Waterfront in Cape Town, South Africa. Designed by UK architect Thomas Heatherwick and unveiled on 22 September 2017.

59. Arch of Caracalla, Djemila , Algeria A  Roman triumphal arch located at  Djémila   (formerly Culcul ) in   Algeria. Erected in 216 AD in honor of the Emperor Caracalla, his mother, Julia Domna , and his deceased father  Septimius Severus. Placed on the road leading to  Sitifis , it constituted the entrance to the city's Severan forum.

60. El-Kala National Park, Algeria The El Kala National Park and Biosphere Reserve is one of the national parks of Algeria in the extreme north-east of the country . Established in 1983, it has an area of 764 km². It has unique ecosystems that consist of a marine ecosystem, mountains, dense woodlands, picturesque forests and numerous lakes. Recognized as a biosphere reserve by the UNESCO on 17 December 1990. The park has 6 lakes and  50 km of shores facing the Mediterranean Sea .

61. The Test Garden of Hamma , Algeria A 32-hectare botanical garden located in the Mohamed Belouizdad district of Algiers, established in 1832. The garden's principal activity was to provide trees to public organizations and to European settlers . There are currently an estimated 1,200 different species of plant in the garden.

62. Kasbah of Algiers, Algeria The Kasbah of Algiers or the Citadel of Algiers in Algeria is a series of white houses and narrow streets, all cascading down to the Mediterranean Sea. Proclaimed  World Cultural Heritage  site by UNESCO in 1992.

63. The Maqam Echahid (Martyrs Monument), Algeria A concrete monument located in Algiers commemorating the Algerian War . Designed by Bachir Yelles and Marian Konieczny , it was u nveiled in 1982 on the 20 th anniversary of Algeria’s independence. It is fashioned in the shape of three standing palm leaves, which shelter the "Eternal Flame" under it . At the edge of each palm leaf is a statue of a soldier representing a stage of Algeria's struggle for independence .

64. The Fortress of Muxima , Angola Fortress located in the village of Muxima , Luanda Province of Angola. Built in 1599 by the P ortuguese from stone and mortar. Classified as a National monument in 1924.

65. Bafut Palace, Cameroon The Bafut Palace is located in the Northwest province of Cameroon. It has been the heart of political power for the Fon and the greater Bafut kingdom for over 400 years. The palace embodies Bafut cultural identity and remains a center for religious rites and traditional ceremonies . Over 50 houses are clustered around the site’s spiritual core, Achum Shrine.

66. Lake Nyos , Cameroon Lake   Nyos is a deep lake high on the flank of an inactive volcano in the Oku volcanic plain along the Cameroon line of volcanic activity . Located in the Northwest Region of  Cameroon, about 315 km (196 mi) northwest of Yaoundé, the capital A pocket of magma lies beneath the lake and leaks carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) into the water, changing it into carbonic acid . In 1986, possibly as the result of a landslide, Lake Nyos suddenly emitted a large cloud of CO 2 , which suffocated 1,746 people and 3,500 livestock in nearby towns and villages.

67. Tibesti Mountains, Chad Dubbed the The Alps of the Sahara, The Tibesti is a volcanic mountain range l ocated In northeastern Chad, a hundred kilometres from the nearest road and a thousand kilometres from the capital city of  N’Djamena. An average of less than 20 millimetres of rain per year.

68. Cairo Tower, Egypt The Cairo  is a free-standing concrete tower in Cairo , Egypt, standing at 187 m (614  ft ). L ocated  in the Gezira district on Gezira Island in the River Nile. Designed by the Egyptian architect  Naoum Shebib and built between 1956 and 1961. Often considered Egypt's second most famous landmark after the Pyramids of Giza.

69. Benito River Bridge, Equatorial Guinea Benito River Bridge connects Bolondo with Mbini in Equatorial Guinea. The Chinese-built bridge spans the Benito River, replaces the old ferry and gives Mbini easy access to the North.

70. Massawa Imperial Palace, Eritrea Former Imperial Palace of Ethiopian king Haile Selassie. Located at Massawa , Eritrea (formerly part of Ethiopia). It was attacked in 1990 by the Soviet-backed DERG government of Mengistu Haile Mariam during the Ethiopian-Eritrean war. The palace was heavily damaged during the attack and has been basically abandoned.

71. The Sandal Monument, Asmara, Eritrea Sandal war memorial in Asmara, Eritrea. A sculpture of two giant sandals . Made of sheet metal and extending more than 20 feet long , the memorial lies in a small park known as Shida Square. The Shida  is the footwear that Eritrean nationalists have worn since the 1960s in their fight to attain an independent country.

72. Kintampo Waterfalls, Ghana Formerly known as Sanders Falls in colonial times, Kintampo waterfalls is one of Ghana’s highest waterfalls. Located in Bono East, on the P umpum river ( a tributary of the Black Volta) It falls about 70 metres (230  ft ) The waterfall was designated in 1992 as a tourist site.

73. National Theatre Accra, Ghana Opened in 1992, the National Theatre of Ghana houses the three resident companies of the National Dance Company, the National Symphony Orchestra, and the National Theatre Players. Located in Victoriaborg . Built by the  Chinese and offered as a gift to Ghana. Construction started on 8 March 1990 and was completed on 16 December 1992. Structurally the theatre looks like a gigantic ship or a seagull spreading its wings.

74. Cape Coast Castle, Ghana One of about forty "slave castles", or large commercial forts, built on the Gold Coast of West Africa (now Ghana) by European traders. Used to hold enslaved Africans before they were loaded onto ships and sold in the Americas, especially the Caribbean . This “gate of no return” was the last stop before crossing the Atlantic Ocean . Cape Coast Castle, along with other forts and castles in Ghana, are included on the UNESCO World Heritage List because of their testimony to the Atlantic gold and slave trades

75. Dedan Kimathi Statue, Nairobi, Kenya Bronze statue of Mau Mau leader Dedan Kimathi on a graphite plinth erected in central Nairobi, Kenya. He was a Kenyan rebel leader who fought against British colonization in Kenya in the 1950s. Considered a terrorist by t he British colonial government that ruled Kenya at the time, he was convicted and executed. His reputation as the leading fighter for Kenyan freedom remains today.

76. Fort Jesus, Kenya A  fort located on Mombasa Island, built between 1593 and 1596 by order of King Felipe II of Castille , who also reigned as King Filipe I of Portugal and the Algarves , Built to guard the Old Port of  Mombasa, Fort Jesus is a fine example of 16th century Portuguese military architecture. Its name derives from the Portuguese fleet which sailed under the flag of the order of Christ. Fort Jesus became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2011.

77. Mau Mau Monument, Kenya A UK-funded monument  to honour Kenyan freedom fighters located at Freedom Corner, Uhuru Park in Nairobi. Official title of the monument is ‘Memorial to the Victims of Torture and Ill-Treatment in the Colonial Era 1952-1960’. It was opened on 12 September 2015. It is a symbol of remembrance and reconciliation.

78. JJ Roberts Monument, Monrovia, Liberia Monument in memory of the first president of Liberia, Joseph Jenkins Roberts. JJ Roberts was the first  (1848–1856) and also 7th (1872–1876) president of Liberia . He was born free in Norfolk in Virginia, USA, and emigrated to Liberia as a young man . He became the leader of the roughly 4000 Americans who came to the country to establish a first republic in Africa.  The structure is a tall rectangle with a statue of Roberts standing in front.

79. The Ambohitsorohitra Palace, Madagascar A presidential palace in the capital of  Madagascar, Antananarivo. Built between 1890 and 1892, it was officially inaugurated on 14 July 1892. Built to house the office and the residence of the French governor of Madagascar, it now serves only a symbolic role.

80. The Royal Hill of Ambohimanga, Madagascar The Royal Hill of Ambohimanga consists of a royal city and burial site, and an ensemble of sacred places . Located about 25 kilometres northeast of Antananarivo in the central highlands of Madagascar. First occupied in the fifteenth century, the Royal Hill of Ambohimanga has become the most significant symbol of the cultural identity of the people of Madagascar. Ambohimanga simply means “blue hill” in English.

81. Cape MacLear , Malawi Lake, Malawi The busiest resort on Lake Malawi. Named "Cape Maclear “ by the  missionary and explorer David Livingstone in 1859. Cape Maclear and its islands, forests and bay were declared a national park in 1980, creating the Lake Malawi National Park, the first freshwater national park in the world. The area became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1984,

82. Manchewe Falls, Malawi A 125m high waterfall in   Livingstonia , Malawi, the highest in the country. The waterfalls, surrounded by lush rainforest, can be viewed from Lukwe Ecocamp which is 300 metres away. People hiding from slavers, over 100 years ago, used to flee to the caves behind the Falls.

83. Ben Amera , Mauritania The  largest monolith in Africa, considered second only to Australia’s Uluru in the world.  Situated in the Adrar region of the Sahara Desert, in Mauritania, near the border with Western Sahara . It  is a giant rock that rises 2076ft (633m) from the ground . Geologists think Ben Amera is actually larger than Uluru if you take into account the portion of the rock beneath the Saharan sand.

84. Monument Against Genocide, Rwanda Historical monument which is part of the Campaign Against Genocide (CAG) Museum. The Campaign Against Genocide (CAG) Museum  is situated in the Parliamentary building in Kigali, Rwanda.

85. Bicentennial Monument, Victoria, Seychelles Also known as the Three Wings Monument. Three pairs of sprawling white wings  at the roundabout between 5th of June and Liberation Avenue, Victoria, Seychelles. Erected in 1978 on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the city of Victoria . The three wings represent the origin of the  Population  of Seychelles  (Africa, Europe and Asia ). The monument was created by the Italian artist Lorenzo Appiani .

86. Gondershe Citadel, Somalia Ruins of an ancient stone city built on a coastal promontory . Gondershe is situated about 20 kilometers northeast of  Merca  and about 50 kilometers southwest of  Mogadishu, Somalia.

87. Tomb of The Unknown Soldier, Somalia Mogadishu monument of the Unknown Soldier. Located in Mogadishu city in  Banaadir .

88. Nobel Square, Cape Town, South Africa A  public square in the Victoria & Alfred Waterfront neighborhood of Cape Town, South Africa. Dedicated to South Africa’s four Nobel Peace Prize laureates: Albert Luthuli, Desmond Tutu, FW de Klerk and Nelson Mandela . The images are slightly larger than life-size and have the Laureates' preferred quotations engraved in their chosen language in front of the sculptures.

89. Kalambo Falls, Zambia A 772-foot (235 m) single-drop waterfall on the border of  Zambia and   Rukwa Region, Tanzania at the southeast end of Lake Tanganyika . The 12 th highest waterfall in the world Africa’s second highest fresh water body free-falling or single-drop waterfalls (second to the Tugela Falls in South Africa ).

90. Blyde ( Molatse ) River Canyon, South Africa Blyde River Canyon is the largest green canyon in the world, stretching over 26 km, and 800m deep. It is located in the Drakensberg Escarpment in northwestern South Africa. Its name was changed by South Africa to Molatse River Canyon in 2005. Molatse means ‘always full’ in the local MaPulane language while ‘ Blyde ’ means ‘happy’ in Dutch .

91. THANK YOU