Language_Acquisition_Theories_Behaviorism

Language_Acquisition_Theories

1. Language Acquisition Theories Behaviorist, Cognitive, Input Hypothesis, and Sociocultural Perspectives

2. Overview • Multiple perspectives explain how languages are acquired • Behaviorist: imitation, practice, reinforcement • Cognitive: mental processing, rule formation • Input Hypothesis: comprehensible input (Krashen) • Sociocultural: interaction, scaffolding, ZPD

3. Behaviorist Theory • Language as learned behavior • Key concepts: stimulus-response, reinforcement • Influence: Audiolingual Method • Example: substitution drills, immediate correction

4. Cognitive Approaches • Language tied to mental processes • Rule formation and overgeneralization (e.g., 'goed') • Usage-based learning and frequency effects • Example: learners notice patterns and restructure knowledge

5. Krashen’s Input Hypothesis • Acquisition occurs with comprehensible input (i+1) • Learning ≠ acquisition; Monitor model • Affective Filter blocks input under stress/anxiety • Examples: extensive reading, sheltered content lessons

6. Sociocultural Theory • Language as a socially mediated process • Vygotsky’s ZPD and scaffolding • Interaction, negotiation, collaborative dialogue • Example: jigsaw tasks, peer tutoring

7. Integrating Theories • Behaviorist: useful for drills and practice • Cognitive: explains internal processing • Krashen: emphasizes comprehensible input • Sociocultural: highlights interaction • Integrated approach = most effective

8. Conclusion • No single theory explains everything • Input, cognition, practice, and interaction all matter • Teachers should combine insights for effective instruction