Language, Culture, and Society PPT REPORT-1.pptx

Discussion

1. Language and Social Class or Ethnicity

2. By : Marc Nicole Panduma Language and Social Class or Ethnicity

3. What is Language??

4. What is Language?? 1. A system of symbols standard meanings

5. What is Language?? 1. 2. 3. A system of symbols standard meanings Allows humans to communicate and is the main vehicle of transition of culture. Language provides context for symbolic understanding.

6. Social Class 01

7. Different views on social class Ogburn and Nimkoff - “A social class is one or two or more broad groups of individuals who are ranked by the members of the community in socially superior and inferior positions”.

8. Different views on social class Ogburn and Nimkoff - “A social class is one or two or more broad groups of individuals who are ranked by the members of the community in socially superior and inferior positions”. Max Webber- “Class or aggregates of individuals, who have the same opportunity of acquiring good, the same exhibited standard of living”.

9. It involves grouping people together and according them within society, according to the groups they belong to. Social Class Income/Wealth Power Education Prestige Dimensions of Social Class

10. It involves grouping people together and according them within society, according to the groups they belong to. Social Class Income/Wealth-objects or symbols owned by people which have value attached to them. Power Education Prestige Dimensions of Social Class

11. It involves grouping people together and according them within society, according to the groups they belong to. Social Class Income/Wealth Power- the degree to which a person can control other people. Education Prestige Dimensions of Social Class

12. It involves grouping people together and according them within society, according to the groups they belong to. Social Class Income/Wealth Power Education- the higher the education , the higher the expectation for social status. Prestige Dimensions of Social Class

13. It involves grouping people together and according them within society, according to the groups they belong to. Social Class Income/Wealth Power Education Prestige- the degree of respect, favorable regard, or importance accorded to a person by members of society. Dimensions of Social Class

14. Style Register Politeness Language Use and Social Class Concepts

15. Politeness Politeness is the language choice that we make when we’re speaking with someone.

16. Politeness Not imposing on someone. Politeness is the language choice that we make when we’re speaking with someone.

17. Politeness Not imposing on someone. Not directly asking someone. Politeness is the language choice that we make when we’re speaking with someone.

18. Politeness Not imposing on someone. Politeness is the language choice that we make when we’re speaking with someone.

19. Politeness Not imposing on someone. Politeness is the language choice that we make when we’re speaking with someone. Not directly asking someone. Face Threatening Act (FTA) something that a person does or says that make a nother person uncomfortable, embarrassed or threatened. We use it when we are trying NOT TO BE POLITE.

20. 2 types of Politeness Negative politeness Positive politeness

21. 2 types of Politeness Negative politeness Positive politeness - It is when you show respect to the other person and you would like the person to respect you back.

22. 2 types of Politeness Negative politeness Positive politeness - It is when you show respect to the other person and you would like the person to respect you back. - It is when you want something from the other person, and you set the other person above you.

23. 5 Language Use Strategies In Using Negative Politeness Hedging – hesitating , showing very little confidence when asking for something/favor.

24. 5 Language Use Strategies In Using Negative Politeness Pessimism- using negative language. Hedging – hesitating , showing very little confidence when asking for something/favor.

25. 5 Language Use Strategies In Using Negative Politeness Pessimism- using negative language . Hedging – hesitating , showing very little confidence when asking for something/favor. Indicating difference- putting the other person above you or below you.

26. 5 Language Use Strategies In Using Negative Politeness Pessimism- using negative language . Hedging – hesitating , showing very little confidence when asking for something/favor. Indicating difference- putting the other person above you or below you. Apologizing

27. 5 Language Use Strategies In Using Negative Politeness Pessimism- using negative language . Hedging – hesitating , showing very little confidence when asking for something/favor. Indicating difference- putting the other person above you or below you. e.g. I’m sorry but could you please open the window.

28. 5 Language Use Strategies In Using Negative Politeness Pessimism- using negative language . Impersonalization - taking yourself out of the picture. Hedging – hesitating , showing very little confidence when asking for something/favor. Indicating difference- putting the other person above you or below you. Apologizing

29. 5 Language Use Strategies In Using Negative Politeness Pessimism- using negative language . e.g. the management ask that you pass the files needed for tomorrows meeting. Hedging – hesitating , showing very little confidence when asking for something/favor. Indicating difference- putting the other person above you or below you. Apologizing

30. Social Stratification 02

31. All societies are stratified on hierarchical basis into categories of social strata i.e. birth, occupation and education.

32. All societies are stratified on hierarchical basis into categories of social strata i.e. birth, occupation and education. PETER TRUDGILL (1974) A B ritish sociologist, studied social class and regional dialect. He researched into both PHONOLOGICAL AND GRAMMATICAL VARIABLES in NORWICH. He used five social class divisions UWC (Upper Working Class) MWC (Middle Working Class) LMC (Lower Middle Class) MMC (Middle Middle Class) LWC (Lower Working Class)

33. All societies are stratified on hierarchical basis into categories of social strata i.e. birth, occupation and education. WILLIAM LABOV: NEW YORK DEPARTMENT STORE STUDY (1966) This study is to look for differences in accent across different socio-economic groups . He focused in three department stores Saks S. Klein Macy’s

34. All societies are stratified on hierarchical basis into categories of social strata i.e. birth, occupation and education. WILLIAM LABOV: NEW YORK DEPARTMENT STORE STUDY (1966) This study is to look for differences in accent across different socio-economic groups. He focused in three department stores Saks (it has the most expensive prices) S. Klein (cheapest prices) Macy’s (average prices)

35. All societies are stratified on hierarchical basis into categories of social strata i.e. birth, occupation and education. WILLIAM LABOV: NEW YORK DEPARTMENT STORE STUDY (1966) This study is to look for differences in accent across different socio-economic groups. He focused in three department stores Saks (it has the most expensive prices) S. Klein (cheapest prices) Macy’s (average prices) He found out that the use of /r/ was the highest in Saks and lowest in Klein’s, showing it to be a typical language feature of the highest socio-economic classes of New York.

36. All societies are stratified on hierarchical basis into categories of social strata i.e. birth, occupation and education. MALCOLM PETYT: BRADFOED STUDY (1985) He looked at the occurrence of h-dropping across different social classes Bradford, Yorkshire.

37. All societies are stratified on hierarchical basis into categories of social strata i.e. birth, occupation and education. MALCOLM PETYT: BRADFOED STUDY (1985) He looked at the occurrence of h-dropping across different social classes Bradford, Yorkshire. Lower working class 93 percent of the time drops the H variable. In the Upper middle class only occurred 12% of the time.

38. All societies are stratified on hierarchical basis into categories of social strata i.e. birth, occupation and education. MALCOLM PETYT: BRADFOED STUDY (1985) He looked at the occurrence of h-dropping across different social classes Bradford, Yorkshire. Lower working class 93 percent of the time drops the H variable. In the Upper middle class only occurred 12% of the time. In cases of social mobility the speakers tent to modify their language towards the RP accent. In some people, this caused hyper correction.

39. All societies are stratified on hierarchical basis into categories of social strata i.e. birth, occupation and education. MALCOLM PETYT: BRADFOED STUDY (1985) He looked at the occurrence of h-dropping across different social classes Bradford, Yorkshire. Lower working class 93 percent of the time drops the H variable. In the Upper middle class only occurred 12% of the time. In cases of social mobility the speakers tent to modify their language towards the RP accent. In some people, this caused hyper correction. -this findings show the linguistic division between the working class and the upper-middle class , specifically regarding H-dropping.

40. Perception of language based on social class 03

41. People tend to alter how they speak , to accommodate the perceptions they either want to associate with or distance themselves from. This is done through the process of CONVERGENCE and DIVERGENCE.

42. Convergence

43. Convergence and Divergence

44. Convergence and Divergence Convergence

45. Convergence and Divergence Convergence

46. Convergence and Divergence Convergence Divergence

47. Overt and Covert Prestige 04

48. Overt prestige

49. Overt prestige Covert prestige

50. THANK YOU That’s al l

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