Language Issues in English for Specific Purposes

Language Aquisition

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LANGUAGE ISSUES INLANGUAGE ISSUES IN
ENGLISH FOR SPECIFICENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC
PURPOSESPURPOSES

2. A common area of criticism in ESP is on
how language is treated in classes because
ESP is geared towards developing certain
specific language skills necessary for
carrying out learner goals as opposed to
English for general purposes, which
forward learning all the language skills. The
following are some of the language areas
that were questioned.
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Source: https://www.elcomblus.com/language-issues-in-english-for-specific-purposes/

3. Grammar in ESPGrammar in ESP

There are many misconceptions about the role of grammar in ESP
teaching. It is often said that ESP teaching is not concerned with
grammar. ESP practitioners claim that it is incorrect to consider
grammar teaching as outside the remit of ESP. How much priority
is paid to grammatical weakness depends on the learners’ level in
English and whether priority needs to be given to grammatical
accuracy or to fluency in using the language.

4. KEYKEY
GRAMMATICALGRAMMATICAL
FORMSFORMS

5. Verb and TensesVerb and Tenses

6. What is a Verb?What is a Verb?

Verbs are an important part of
the English language. Without
them, sentences wouldn’t have
any action.
Verbs are the busybodies of
sentences that serve to bring
the entire thought to
completion.


Source: https://grammar.yourdictionary.com/parts-of-speech/verbs/what-is-a-verb.html

7. What are the Properties ofWhat are the Properties of Verbs?Verbs?

8. Kinds ofKinds of VerbsVerbs

Intransitive verbs are verbs that express action but
that do not take an object. The subject and
1.
verb express a complete thought without an object.
The verb can, however, be followed by an
adverb or other modifier.
Examples:
I ran.
I ran swiftly.
I ran in the race.

9. Kinds ofKinds of VerbsVerbs

2. Transitive verbs are verbs that express action that
terminates in, or is received by, an object. The object of
a transitive verb can be a noun, pronoun, or a noun
clause or phrase.

Examples: I threw the ball. (Noun as object) We beat
them. (Pronoun as object) I think that you are correct.
(Noun clause as object)

10. Kinds ofKinds of Verbs Verbs
Linking verbs - are verbs of the senses like "feel," "look," "smell,"
or "taste," and a limited number of other verbs like "be," "seem,"
"become," or "remain" that link the subject of the sentence with
a complement. Linking verbs are always followed by an
adjective, noun, or noun phrase that acts as a complement.

Examples: He is a lawyer. (Noun as complement) I feel tired.
(Adjective as complement) It seems that we will lose the game.
(Noun clause as complement)

11. Kinds ofKinds of VerbsVerbs

Active voice - In most English sentences with an action verb, the subject
performs the action denoted by the verb.
These examples show that the subject is doing the verb's action.



Because the subject does
or "acts upon" the verb in
such sentences, the
sentences are said to be in
the active voice.

12. Kinds ofKinds of VerbsVerbs

Passive-voice verbs are verbs that allow the subject to receive the
action rather than to do the action. Passive-voice verbs are made
by using some form of the verb "be" that is followed by a verb
ending in -en or -ed (unless the past participle of the verb is
irregular). Only transitive verbs can be turned into the passive
form.

Examples: Our team was beaten at softball. ("By the opposing
team" is implied.) The building is destroyed by the wrecking crew.
The ball was thrown by me.

13. Three Aspect of VerbThree Aspect of Verb
TensesTenses

Aspect refers to the nature of the
action described by the verb. There are
three aspects: Indefinite (or simple),
Complete (or perfect) and Continuing
(or progressive).

14. The 12 Tenses of the VerbThe 12 Tenses of the Verb

1. PRESENT SIMPLE VERB TENSE
When you use the present simple, you are using a routine.
It’s something that you always do every day, month or year.
Or it’s something that you never do.
PRESENT VERB TENSE EXAMPLES:
I, You, We, They: travel every day.
He, She, It: travels every day.

15. The 12 Tenses of the VerbThe 12 Tenses of the Verb

2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS/PROGRESSIVE VERB TENSE

When you use present continuous, you are referring to what is
happening right now. Also, it can be an action that is not yet
complete.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS/PROGRESSIVE EXAMPLES:
I: am traveling right now.
You, We, They: are traveling right now.
He, She, It: is traveling right now.

16. The 12 Tenses of the VerbThe 12 Tenses of the Verb

Source: https://grammar.yourdictionary.com/parts-of-speech/verbs/what-is-a-verb.html
3. PRESENT PERFECT VERB TENSE
Although it’s easy to confuse this verb tense with present
simple, the main difference is that the action is complete for
present perfect. In other words, you are looking at the result
right now without any words referring to time.
PRESENT PERFECT EXAMPLES:
I, You, We, They: have traveled to France.
He, She, It: has traveled to France.

17. The 12 Tenses of the VerbThe 12 Tenses of the Verb

4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS/PROGRESSIVE VERB
TENSE
In this verb tense, an action starts in the past but it’s still
continuing now. You have been performing the action and
still are performing the action in the present.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS/PROGRESSIVE EXAMPLES:
I, You, We, They: have been traveling for a day.
He, She, It: has been traveling for a day.

18. The 12 Tenses of the VerbThe 12 Tenses of the Verb

5. PAST SIMPLE VERB TENSE

For past simple, it includes a finished action and time.

PAST SIMPLE EXAMPLES:
I, You, We, They, He, She, It: traveled to France yesterday.

19. The 12 Tenses of the VerbThe 12 Tenses of the Verb

6. PAST CONTINUOUS/PROGRESSIVE VERB TENSE

When you use past continuous, you are often using two
actions. However, one action is not finished in the past,
and another is complete interrupting the other action.

PAST CONTINUOUS/PROGRESSIVE EXAMPLES:
I, He, She, It: was traveling by bus when the deer crossed the road.
You, We, They: were traveling when the deer crossed the road.

20. The 12 Tenses of the VerbThe 12 Tenses of the Verb

7. PAST PERFECT VERB TENSE

This verb tense uses two actions at two different
times. Before the second action occurs, the first action
is complete.

PAST PERFECT EXAMPLES:
I, You, We, They, He, She, It: had traveled by car when
the bus arrived.

21. The 12 Tenses of the VerbThe 12 Tenses of the Verb

I, You, We, They, He, She, It: had been traveling for one hour when the
car broke down.
8. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS/PROGRESSIVE VERB TENSE
For colloquial English, we don’t use past perfect
continuous very often. But in textbooks, it’s a bit more
common. This very tense has a complete action that
happened before a second action. But in this case, you
can describe how long.

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS/PROGRESSIVE EXAMPLES:

22. The 12 Tenses of the VerbThe 12 Tenses of the Verb

I, You, We, They, He, She, It: will travel to France tomorrow.
9. FUTURE SIMPLE VERB TENSE

This verb tense is about planning things to do in the future.
For example, what will you do tomorrow or next week?
Instead of using “will”, you can use “going to” for future
tense. But this lesson uses “will” for the future tense.

FUTURE SIMPLE EXAMPLES:

23. The 12 Tenses of the VerbThe 12 Tenses of the Verb


10. FUTURE CONTINUOUS/PROGRESSIVE VERB TENSE


The action is not complete when another action happens in the
future. This is similar to past continuous, but it refers to the
future.

FUTURE CONTINUOUS/PROGRESSIVE EXAMPLES:
I, You, We, They, He, She, It: will be traveling when you arrive.

24. The 12 Tenses of the VerbThe 12 Tenses of the Verb


11. FUTURE PERFECT VERB TENSE

An action will be completed in the future before another is
completed.

FUTURE PERFECT EXAMPLES:
I, You, We, They, He, She, It: will have traveled to France by the
time you arrive.

25. The 12 Tenses of the VerbThe 12 Tenses of the Verb


12. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS/PROGRESSIVE VERB TENSE

An action will be continuing in the future when it is interrupted
by another action. This future verb tense often includes an
indication of how long the action has been happening.

FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS/PROGRESSIVE EXAMPLES:
I, You, We, They, He, She, It: will have been traveling for one
hour when you arrive.

26. Two Voices of theTwo Voices of the VerbVerb

Active Voice
In a sentence with an
active voice verb, the
subject is the agent of the
sentence and completes
an action.  The boy
(agent) turned (action) on
the light.
Passive Voice
In a sentence with the
passive voice, the
subject is acted upon by
the agent.  The light was
turned on (action) by the
boy (agent).  The light
was turned on (action).
(no agent).

27. Example:Example:

28. When should we use Active/PassiveWhen should we use Active/Passive
voices?voices?
Active Voice
Active voice is used for most non-
scientific writing. Using active
voice for the majority of your
sentences makes your meaning
clear for readers, and keeps the
sentences from becoming too
complicated or wordy. Even in
scientific writing, too much use of
passive voice can cloud the
meaning of your sentences.
Passive Voice
The passive voice is used when
we want to focus attention on the
person or thing affected by the
action. Normally, the performer of
the action, or the agent, comes
first and is made the subject of
the verb and then we use the
active form of the verb. The other
person or thing is made the object
of the verb.

29. ModalsModals

31. ArticleArticle
An article is a word used to modify a noun, which
is a person, place, object, or idea. Technically, an
article is an adjective, which is any word that
modifies a noun. Usually adjectives modify nouns
through description, but articles are used instead
to point out or refer to nouns

33. NominalizationNominalization

34. NominalizationNominalization

35. ConnectionConnection ofof Discourse andDiscourse and
Genre AnalysisGenre Analysis
Genre analysis is one of the types of discourse analysis. It is
employed to analyze the genre of the text both oral text and
written text. To analyze the genre, it focuses on the idea of
texts in genre theorists which will be similar or different and
depends on the classification between the genres.
Discourse analysis is genre analysis. When we analyze
discourses, of course we will specify them into more specific
types from the characteristics of each discourse. For
exampleThe specific type of discourses is called as genre.

36. Discourse And Genre Analysis asDiscourse And Genre Analysis as
Part Of Language issues in ESPPart Of Language issues in ESP
Discourse Analysis is a useful tool for studying the underlying
meaning of a spoken or written text as it considers the social and
historical contexts. It helps to understand the function of language
and how discourse can be used to foster positive social change.
Genre analysis is a new approach to discourse and text analysis in
ESP. Its research findings have established common rhetorical
patterns in academic writing. Therefore genre analysis has an
important role in developing both writing and reading skills.

37. Hope you had fun!
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
FOR COMING!FOR COMING!

38. References:References:
https://www.elcomblus.com/language-issues-in-english-for-specific-purposes/
https://grammar.yourdictionary.com/parts-of-speech/verbs/what-is-a-verb.html
https://www.google.com/search?q=what+is+nominalization+in+terms+of+english+grammar
https://www.google.com/search?q=why+discourse+and+genre+analysis+parts+of+the+language+issues+in+ESP
https://gato-docs.its.txstate.edu/jcr:f65012ef-9608-4ee0-a0be-9559038bc97c/Verbs-Types%20and%20Tenses.pdf
oogle.com/search?q=what+is+a+modals?&sxsrf=APq-WBsAoqC5XYka8jL6TOzmToIsFFfeRg:1650552191386&tbm