laryngitis.ppt

Laryngitis

1. LARYNGITIS

2. DEFINITION
It is the inflammation
of larynx leading to
oedema of laryngeal
mucosa and
underlying structures.

3. ETIOLOGY
INFECTIOUS:
Viral laryngitiscan be caused byrhinovirus,influenza
virus,parainfluenza virus,adenovirus,coronavirus, andRSV.
Bacterial laryngitiscan be caused bygroup A
streptococcus,streptococcus pneumoniae,C. diphtheriae,M.
catarrhalis,haemophilus influenzae,bordetella pertussis,
andM. tuberculosis.
Fungal laryngitiscan be caused byHistoplasma,
Candida(especially in immunocompromised persons)

4. NON INFECTIOUS
Inhaled fumes
Acid reflux disease
Allergies
Excessive coughing, smoking, or alcohol consumption.
Inflammation due tooveruseof the vocal cords
Prolonged use of inhaled corticosteroids for asthma treatment
Thermal or chemical burns
Laryngeal trauma, includingiatrogenicone caused by
endotracheal intubation

5. Predisposing factors
Smoking
Psychological strain
Physical stress
Acid reflux
Frequent sinus infectionsr
Types –acute (less then 3 weeks)and
chronic (more than 3 weeks )

6. Pathophysiology
Due to etiological factors
The mucosa of the larynx becomes congested
and may become oedematous.
A fibrinous exudate may occur on the surface.
Signs and symptoms
Sometimes infection involves the perichondrium
of laryngeal cartilages producing perichondritiis.

7. CLINICAL
FEATURES
Husky, high pitched voice.
Body aches, Fever, Malaise.
Dysphonia(hoarseness) oraphonia(inability to speak)
Dysphagia(difficulty in swallowing)
Dyspnea(difficulty in breathing), predominantly in children
Dry, burning throat
Dry irritating paroxysmal cough.
Cold orflu-like symptoms
Swollenlymph nodesin the throat, chest, or face
Hemoptysis(coughing out blood)
Increased production of saliva.

8. Signs of acute URTI.
Dry thick sticky secretions.
Dusky red and swollen vocal cords.
congestion of laryngeal mucosa.

9. TREATMENT
SUPPORTIVE
Voice rest.
Steam inhalation.
Cough suppressants.
Avoid smoking and cold climet.
Fluid intake.

10. TREATMENT
DEFINITIVE
If laryngitis due to gastroesophageal reflux, an H2-
inhibitor (ranitidine)or proton-pump inhibitor
(omeprazole) is used to reducegastric acidsecretions.
If laryngitis is caused by thermal or chemical burns,
steroidsare used.
In viral laryngitis, drinking sufficient fluids will be helpful.
If laryngitis is due to a bacterial or fungal infection,
appropriate antibiotic or antifungal therapy is given.

11. To improve vocal hygiene
Drinking lot of fluids-Drink 7-9 glasses of water per day;
herbal tea and chicken soup also provides soothing effect.
maintaining good general health-Exercise regularly.
Avoiding smoking -They are bad for the heart, lungs and
vocal tract.
Eating a balanced diet-Include vegetables, fruits and
whole grain foods.
Avoid dry, artificial interior climates.
Do not eat late at night-may have problems when
stomach acid backs up on the vocal cords.
Use a humidifier to assist with hydration.