Laser Beam Welding, types of laser beam welding, parameters, advantages, disadvantages

This presentation explores Laser Beam Welding (LBW), a high-precision welding process ideal for various materials. Learn about the benefits, applications, and key considerations for using LBW in your manufacturing process.

1. LASER BEAM WELDING PRESENTATION ON Presented by- Emonur Rahman Fahim Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology(RUET)

2. INTRODUCTION GAS LASER TYPES OF LASER BEAM WORKING PROCEDURE SOLID STATE LASER PARAMETERS ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES APPLICATIONS CONTENTS

3. 3 INTRODUCTION [1][3] Laser Beam Welding is a fusion welding process where the heat of a laser coherent beam is concentrated on the joint to be welded. Laser is the acronym for L ight A mplification by S timulated E mission of R adiation. It is a device that stimulates atoms or molecules to emit light at a particular wavelength or amplifies that light. Based on the type of laser beam there are two types of laser beam welding methods.

4. Flash lamp turn on and emit photon 1 4 2 3 5 Machine setup at desired location. High voltage power supplied Photons absorbed by atom of ruby crystal e release energy and process continues How laser beam welding works? [9] Fig 1: Setup for laser beam welding.[1] 4 [10]

5. TYPES OF LASER BEAM WELDING [1][3] 5 SOLID STATE LASER A solid crystal is used along with transition elements as doping element. 1 GAS LASER CO 2 gas is used . Electrons are excited using electric discharge 2

6. 6 Solid State Laser [1][3] WHITE LIGHT STRIKES ON CRYSTAL OUTER SHELL ELECTRONS OF DOPE ELEMENT GET EXCITED PHOTONS ARE RELEASED WHILE COMING BACK TO GROUND STATE PHOTONS ARE CONCENTRATED USING OPTICAL LENS THE CONCENTRATED PHOTONS GENERATE HUGE HEAT TO WELD JOINT SOLID STATE LASER WELDING MACHINE

7. Gas Laser [1][3] 7 CO 2 gas molecules are excited by electric discharge 1 Electrons become excited and while coming back to ground state it release photons 2 These photons are concentrated and focused on the joint to weld 3

8. 8 WORKING PROCEDURE [4] Preparation: Clean the workpiece and remove contaminants. Beam Focusing: Concentrate laser beam energy to the weld joint. Welding Parameters: Welding Process: Direct laser beam along the joint to melt and fuse metals. Cooling and Solidification: Set laser power control, pulse duration, welding speed, beam diameter, and repetition rate based on material and desired application. Allow molten metal to cool and solidify, forming a strong bond between workpieces. 1 2 3 4 5

9. 9 DUE TO THE USE OF LARGE POWER, HIGH HEAT DENSITY IS OBTAINED A KEYHOLE IS FORMED AS A RESULT OF VAPORIZATION THE TEMPERATURE WITHIN THE KEYHOLE CAN REACH AS HIGH AS 25000 °C HEAT IS CONDUCTED RADIALLY OUTWARD FROM KEYHOLE Fig: Laser welding process[7][8]

10. 10 PARAMETERS [3][5][6] Solid State Laser Gas Laser Power: 0.5-2 KW Reflectance: 20 – 30 % Focus diameter: 0.025mm Current range: 10-100A Voltage range: 10-100 V Shield Gas: Power : 10-20 KW Reflectance: 80 – 90 % Focus diameter: 0.075 to 0.1mm Current range: 50-200A Voltage range: 10-50 V Shield Gas: He He,Ar, or mixture of both

11. ADVANTAGES [1][2][3] 11 No filler metal necessary Ideal for automation Precise control Doesn’t need flux Deep, narrow welds at high speed High production rate

12. DISADVANTAGES [1] 1 4 12 2 3 Rapid cooling may cause crack 5 High initial & maintenance cost Not portable Consume more power than electron beam CO 2 lasers don’t work well on some metals

13. APPLICATIONS [2][8] LASER BEAM WELDING Electronics industry Aircraft industry Automobile industry Metals with high melting point Join dissimilar metals 13

14. APPLICATIONS 14 Automobile industry Electronics industry Aircraft industry Joining metals

15. References 15 Manufacturing Processes & Materials,4 th edition - George F. Schrader,Ahmed K. Eishennawy Manufacturing Engineering Handbook- Hwaiyu Geng . Manufacturing Tecchnology (Vol 1),5 th edition – P N Rao. www.xometry .com Arc Welding Basics – William L.Galvery,AWS www.morntech.com www.sciencedirect.com www.researchgate.com www.theengineerspost.com lasers.llnl.gov

16. Any Questions?

17. THANK YOU